fix(packages/container): data race when uploading container blobs concurrently (#36524)

Co-authored-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com>

models/packages/package_blob_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package packages
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+func TestGetOrInsertBlobConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	testBlob := PackageBlob{
+		Size:       123,
+		HashMD5:    "md5",
+		HashSHA1:   "sha1",
+		HashSHA256: "sha256",
+		HashSHA512: "sha512",
+	}
+
+	const numGoroutines = 3
+	var wg errgroup.Group
+	results := make([]*PackageBlob, numGoroutines)
+	existed := make([]bool, numGoroutines)
+	for idx := range numGoroutines {
+		wg.Go(func() error {
+			blob := testBlob // Create a copy of the test blob for each goroutine
+			var err error
+			results[idx], existed[idx], err = GetOrInsertBlob(t.Context(), &blob)
+			return err
+		})
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, wg.Wait())
+
+	// then: all GetOrInsertBlob succeeds with the same blob ID, and only one indicates it did not exist before
+	existedCount := 0
+	assert.NotNil(t, results[0])
+	for i := range numGoroutines {
+		assert.Equal(t, results[0].ID, results[i].ID)
+		if existed[i] {
+			existedCount++
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, numGoroutines-1, existedCount)
+}