diff --git a/.github/actions/go-setup/action.yml b/.github/actions/go-setup/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d6f88bbc6da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/go-setup/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: go-setup
+description: Set up go and restore caches
+
+inputs:
+  cache:
+    description: Restore go caches
+    default: "true"
+  lint-cache:
+    description: Also restore the golangci-lint cache
+    default: "false"
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
+      with:
+        go-version-file: go.mod
+        check-latest: true
+        cache: false
+    - if: ${{ inputs.cache == 'true' }}
+      uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
+      with:
+        lint-cache: ${{ inputs.lint-cache }}
diff --git a/.github/actions/node-setup/action.yml b/.github/actions/node-setup/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9ab484d57e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/node-setup/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: node-setup
+description: Set up pnpm and node and restore caches
+
+inputs:
+  cache:
+    description: Cache pnpm downloads
+    default: "true"
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - uses: pnpm/action-setup@0e279bb959325dab635dd2c09392533439d90093 # v6.0.8
+    - if: ${{ inputs.cache == 'true' }}
+      uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+      with:
+        node-version: 24
+        cache: pnpm
+        cache-dependency-path: pnpm-lock.yaml
+    - if: ${{ inputs.cache != 'true' }}
+      uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+      with:
+        node-version: 24
diff --git a/.github/actions/pgsql-shard/action.yml b/.github/actions/pgsql-shard/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a5a03ae0de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/pgsql-shard/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+name: pgsql-shard
+description: Run one pgsql integration test shard
+
+inputs:
+  shard:
+    description: Shard index
+    required: true
+  total-shards:
+    description: Total shard count
+    required: true
+  run-migration:
+    description: Also run migration tests
+    default: "false"
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Add hosts to /etc/hosts
+      shell: bash
+      run: '[ -e "/.dockerenv" ] || [ -e "/run/.containerenv" ] || echo "127.0.0.1 pgsql ldap minio" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts'
+    - shell: bash
+      run: make deps-backend
+    - shell: bash
+      run: make backend
+      env:
+        TAGS: bindata
+    - name: run migration tests
+      if: ${{ inputs.run-migration == 'true' }}
+      shell: bash
+      run: GITEA_TEST_DATABASE=pgsql make test-migration
+    - name: run tests
+      shell: bash
+      run: GITEA_TEST_DATABASE=pgsql make test-integration
+      env:
+        # pgsql is chosen to be the unlucky one to run with the slow "race detector", it is about 60% slower.
+        GOTEST_FLAGS: -race -timeout=40m
+        TAGS: bindata gogit
+        TEST_LDAP: 1
+        TEST_SHARD: ${{ inputs.shard }}
+        TEST_TOTAL_SHARDS: ${{ inputs.total-shards }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/cache-seeder.yml b/.github/workflows/cache-seeder.yml
index 91109b1c06d..8ec7adee07d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/cache-seeder.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cache-seeder.yml
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ on:
       - "go.sum"
       - ".golangci.yml"
       - ".github/actions/go-cache/action.yml"
+      - ".github/actions/go-setup/action.yml"
       - ".github/workflows/cache-seeder.yml"
 
 concurrency:
@@ -29,12 +30,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
       - run: make deps-backend deps-tools
       - run: TAGS="bindata" make backend
       - run: TAGS="bindata gogit" GOEXPERIMENT="" make backend
@@ -64,12 +60,7 @@ jobs:
           - { tags: "bindata", target: "lint-backend" }
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
         with:
           lint-cache: "true"
       - run: make deps-backend deps-tools
diff --git a/.github/workflows/files-changed.yml b/.github/workflows/files-changed.yml
index ac2bd1a5ba5..2975a0cfcbf 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/files-changed.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/files-changed.yml
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ jobs:
 
             actions:
               - ".github/workflows/*"
+              - ".github/actions/**"
               - "Makefile"
 
             templates:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pull-compliance.yml b/.github/workflows/pull-compliance.yml
index ada537a188c..9ccfc76315e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-compliance.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-compliance.yml
@@ -20,12 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
         with:
           lint-cache: "true"
       - run: make deps-backend deps-tools
@@ -37,15 +32,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@0e279bb959325dab635dd2c09392533439d90093 # v6.0.8
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
+          cache: "false"
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/node-setup
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          cache: "false"
 
       - run: make lint-spell
 
@@ -68,12 +60,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
       - run: make deps-backend deps-tools
       - run: make --always-make checks-backend # ensure the "go-licenses" make target runs
 
@@ -83,12 +70,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@0e279bb959325dab635dd2c09392533439d90093 # v6.0.8
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          node-version: 24
-          cache: pnpm
-          cache-dependency-path: pnpm-lock.yaml
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/node-setup
       - run: make deps-frontend
       - run: make lint-frontend
       - run: make checks-frontend
@@ -101,12 +83,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
       - run: make deps-backend generate-go
       # no frontend build here as backend should be able to build, even without any frontend files
       # CGO is not used when cross-compile, so these steps also test if the code is compatible with CGO disabled
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pull-db-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/pull-db-tests.yml
index bc73d6391ca..e4de01e711a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-db-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-db-tests.yml
@@ -14,14 +14,11 @@ jobs:
   files-changed:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/files-changed.yml
 
-  test-pgsql-shards:
+  test-pgsql-shard-1:
     if: needs.files-changed.outputs.backend == 'true' || needs.files-changed.outputs.actions == 'true'
     needs: files-changed
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        shard: [1, 2]
+    timeout-minutes: 50
     services:
       pgsql:
         image: postgres:14
@@ -46,31 +43,47 @@ jobs:
           - "9000:9000"
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/pgsql-shard
         with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
-      - name: Add hosts to /etc/hosts
-        run: '[ -e "/.dockerenv" ] || [ -e "/run/.containerenv" ] || echo "127.0.0.1 pgsql ldap minio" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts'
-      - run: make deps-backend
-      - run: make backend
+          shard: 1
+          total-shards: 2
+          run-migration: "true"
+
+  test-pgsql-shard-2:
+    if: needs.files-changed.outputs.backend == 'true' || needs.files-changed.outputs.actions == 'true'
+    needs: files-changed
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 50
+    services:
+      pgsql:
+        image: postgres:14
         env:
-          TAGS: bindata
-      - name: run migration tests
-        if: matrix.shard == 1
-        run: GITEA_TEST_DATABASE=pgsql make test-migration
-      - name: run tests
-        run: GITEA_TEST_DATABASE=pgsql make test-integration
-        timeout-minutes: 50
+          POSTGRES_DB: test
+          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
+        ports:
+          - "5432:5432"
+      ldap:
+        image: gitea/test-openldap:latest@sha256:4ac633b01d684e6b2a458cc0c8530c92f9b3702f6e040ce5f365607df34fbda0
+        ports:
+          - "389:389"
+          - "636:636"
+      minio:
+        # as github actions doesn't support "entrypoint", we need to use a non-official image
+        # that has a custom entrypoint set to "minio server /data"
+        image: bitnamilegacy/minio:2025.7.23
         env:
-          # pgsql is chosen to be the unlucky one to run with the slow "race detector", it is about 60% slower.
-          GOTEST_FLAGS: -race -timeout=40m
-          TAGS: bindata gogit
-          TEST_LDAP: 1
-          TEST_SHARD: ${{ matrix.shard }}
-          TEST_TOTAL_SHARDS: ${{ strategy.job-total }}
+          MINIO_ROOT_USER: 123456
+          MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD: 12345678
+        ports:
+          - "9000:9000"
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/pgsql-shard
+        with:
+          shard: 2
+          total-shards: 2
 
   test-sqlite:
     if: needs.files-changed.outputs.backend == 'true' || needs.files-changed.outputs.actions == 'true'
@@ -78,12 +91,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
       - run: make deps-backend
       - run: make backend
         env:
@@ -141,12 +149,7 @@ jobs:
           - 10000:10000
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
       - name: Add hosts to /etc/hosts
         run: '[ -e "/.dockerenv" ] || [ -e "/run/.containerenv" ] || echo "127.0.0.1 minio devstoreaccount1.azurite.local mysql elasticsearch meilisearch smtpimap" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts'
       - run: make deps-backend
@@ -200,12 +203,7 @@ jobs:
           - "993:993"
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
       - name: Add hosts to /etc/hosts
         run: '[ -e "/.dockerenv" ] || [ -e "/run/.containerenv" ] || echo "127.0.0.1 mysql elasticsearch smtpimap" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts'
       - run: make deps-backend
@@ -238,12 +236,7 @@ jobs:
           - 10000:10000
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
       - name: Add hosts to /etc/hosts
         run: '[ -e "/.dockerenv" ] || [ -e "/run/.containerenv" ] || echo "127.0.0.1 mssql devstoreaccount1.azurite.local" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts'
       - run: make deps-backend
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pull-e2e-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/pull-e2e-tests.yml
index 7bf73d4a0f9..f0283f40227 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-e2e-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-e2e-tests.yml
@@ -20,18 +20,8 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-          check-latest: true
-          cache: false
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-cache
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@0e279bb959325dab635dd2c09392533439d90093 # v6.0.8
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@48b55a011bda9f5d6aeb4c2d9c7362e8dae4041e # v6.4.0
-        with:
-          node-version: 24
-          cache: pnpm
-          cache-dependency-path: pnpm-lock.yaml
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/go-setup
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/node-setup
       - run: make deps-frontend
       - run: make frontend
       - run: make deps-backend