integration: authenticate Docker Hub pulls and retry transient errors

Anonymous Hub pulls trip the 100/6h IP cap on shared CI runners, turning
into singleton FAIL reports whenever the runner egress IP crosses the
quota. Route every pull through Docker Hub credentials when present, and
retry transient errors with backoff. tsic and hi use the same helper so
both surfaces honour ~/.docker/config.json and the GHA secrets.

.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml

@@ -73,6 +73,15 @@ jobs:
           echo '{"storage-driver":"overlay2"}' | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
           sudo systemctl restart docker
           docker version
+      - name: Login to Docker Hub
+        env:
+          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_USERNAME }}
+          DOCKERHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_TOKEN }}
+        if: env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != ''
+        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
+        with:
+          username: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Load Docker images, Go cache, and prepare binary
         run: |
           gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/headscale-image.tar.gz | docker load
@@ -93,6 +102,12 @@ jobs:
           HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_POSTGRES_IMAGE: ${{ inputs.postgres_flag == '--postgres=1' && format('postgres:{0}', github.sha) || '' }}
           HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_CACHE: /tmp/go-cache/go
           HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_BUILD_CACHE: /tmp/go-cache/.cache/go-build
+          # Mirror the docker/login-action secrets into env so the
+          # dockertestutil.Credentials resolver picks them up directly
+          # (otherwise it falls back to parsing ~/.docker/config.json,
+          # which works but is one step further from the source).
+          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_USERNAME }}
+          DOCKERHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_TOKEN }}
         run: /tmp/artifacts/hi run --stats --ts-memory-limit=300 --hs-memory-limit=1500 "^${{ inputs.test }}$" \
           --timeout=120m \
           ${{ inputs.postgres_flag }}