types: add ListenerBindError for typed bind failures

ListenerBindError wraps a TCP listener bind failure with the listener
name and the YAML key that drove its address. Preserves the underlying
*net.OpError via Unwrap so errors.Is(err, syscall.EADDRINUSE) keeps
working through any number of fmt.Errorf("%w") wraps. Lets the
top-level CLI classifier match listener failures with errors.As
instead of string matching.

Updates #3227

hscontrol/types/listener.go

@@ -11,6 +11,26 @@ import (
 
 var errEmptyListenAddr = errors.New("address is empty")
 
+// ListenerBindError is returned when a TCP listener fails to bind. It
+// names the listener and the YAML key that drove the address so an
+// operator can identify which socket collided. The underlying error
+// (typically *net.OpError around syscall.EADDRINUSE / EACCES) is
+// preserved via Unwrap, so errors.Is(err, syscall.EADDRINUSE) keeps
+// working through any number of fmt.Errorf("%w") wraps.
+type ListenerBindError struct {
+	Listener string
+	YAMLKey  string
+	Addr     string
+	Err      error
+}
+
+func (e *ListenerBindError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("binding %s listener (%s=%q): %v",
+		e.Listener, e.YAMLKey, e.Addr, e.Err)
+}
+
+func (e *ListenerBindError) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }
+
 // portFromAddr resolves the numeric port of a TCP listen address.
 // Accepts host:port form with either a numeric port or one of the named
 // services "http" / "https". The named-service table is intentionally

hscontrol/types/listener_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 package types
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"syscall"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+var errTestBindFailure = errors.New("listen tcp :80: bind: address already in use")
+
 func TestPortFromAddr(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
@@ -73,6 +79,45 @@ func TestListenersOverlap(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestListenerBindError_IsEADDRINUSE(t *testing.T) {
+	inner := &net.OpError{
+		Op:  "listen",
+		Net: "tcp",
+		Err: syscall.EADDRINUSE,
+	}
+	bindErr := &ListenerBindError{
+		Listener: "main HTTP",
+		YAMLKey:  "listen_addr",
+		Addr:     "0.0.0.0:80",
+		Err:      inner,
+	}
+
+	wrapped := fmt.Errorf("serve: %w", bindErr)
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, wrapped, syscall.EADDRINUSE)
+
+	var got *ListenerBindError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, wrapped, &got)
+	assert.Equal(t, "main HTTP", got.Listener)
+	assert.Equal(t, "listen_addr", got.YAMLKey)
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.0.0.0:80", got.Addr)
+}
+
+func TestListenerBindError_Render(t *testing.T) {
+	bindErr := &ListenerBindError{
+		Listener: "ACME HTTP-01 challenge",
+		YAMLKey:  "tls_letsencrypt_listen",
+		Addr:     ":http",
+		Err:      errTestBindFailure,
+	}
+	got := bindErr.Error()
+	assert.Equal(
+		t,
+		`binding ACME HTTP-01 challenge listener (tls_letsencrypt_listen=":http"): listen tcp :80: bind: address already in use`,
+		got,
+	)
+}
+
 func TestIsWildcardHost(t *testing.T) {
 	wildcards := []string{"", "0.0.0.0", "::", "[::]"}
 	for _, h := range wildcards {