integration,ci: remove TestSubnetToSubnetACL

The integration test cannot prove end-to-end subnet-to-subnet data plane in Docker-in-Docker: forwarding from eth0 through the Tailscale tunnel interface requires Linux policy routing that doesn't work in the hi test runner's container environment. The #3157 fix (CIDR-only ACL making subnet routers peers) is validated by the golden data compat tests (f10-f16) which compare headscale's filter compilation and peer visibility against SaaS. Updates #3157
testdata,policy/v2: add f16/f18 golden captures and fix compat test
2026-07-19 22:40:44 +09:00 · 2026-04-13 14:58:10 +00:00 · 2026-04-13 14:57:55 +00:00 · 2026-04-13 14:57:39 +00:00 · 2026-04-12 21:40:07 +00:00 · 2026-04-12 21:39:27 +00:00
799 changed files with 33219 additions and 3277177 deletions
@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: nix develop --fallback --command bash -e {0}
-
 jobs:
  build-nix:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -33,24 +29,33 @@ jobs:
              - '**/*.go'
              - 'integration_test/'
              - 'config-example.yaml'
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}

-      - name: Check vendor hash
-        id: vendorhash
+      - name: Run nix build
+        id: build
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
        run: |
-          go run ./cmd/vendorhash check | tee check-result
-          {
-            grep '^expected_sri=' check-result || true
-            grep '^actual_sri='   check-result || true
-          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          nix build |& tee build-result
+          BUILD_STATUS="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"

-      - name: Vendor hash diverging
+          OLD_HASH=$(cat build-result | grep specified: | awk -F ':' '{print $2}' | sed 's/ //g')
+          NEW_HASH=$(cat build-result | grep got: | awk -F ':' '{print $2}' | sed 's/ //g')
+
+          echo "OLD_HASH=$OLD_HASH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "NEW_HASH=$NEW_HASH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+          exit $BUILD_STATUS
+
+      - name: Nix gosum diverging
        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
-        if: failure() && steps.vendorhash.outcome == 'failure'
+        if: failure() && steps.build.outcome == 'failure'
        with:
          github-token: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
          script: |
@@ -58,13 +63,9 @@ jobs:
              pull_number: context.issue.number,
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
-              body: 'Vendor hash in `flakehashes.json` is stale (was `${{ steps.vendorhash.outputs.expected_sri }}`, should be `${{ steps.vendorhash.outputs.actual_sri }}`). Run `go run ./cmd/vendorhash update` and commit the result.'
+              body: 'Nix build failed with wrong gosum, please update "vendorSha256" (${{ steps.build.outputs.OLD_HASH }}) for the "headscale" package in flake.nix with the new SHA: ${{ steps.build.outputs.NEW_HASH }}'
            })

-      - name: Run nix build
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: nix build --fallback
-
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
        with:
@@ -81,13 +82,17 @@ jobs:
          - "GOARCH=amd64 GOOS=darwin"
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}

      - name: Run go cross compile
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: 0
-        run: env ${{ matrix.env }} go build -o "headscale"
+        run: env ${{ matrix.env }} nix develop --command -- go build -o "headscale"
          ./cmd/headscale
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
        with:
@@ -12,10 +12,6 @@ concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: nix develop --fallback --command bash -e {0}
-
 jobs:
  check-generated:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -32,15 +28,20 @@ jobs:
              - '*.nix'
              - 'go.*'
              - '**/*.go'
+              - '**/*.proto'
+              - 'buf.gen.yaml'
              - 'tools/**'
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix', '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}

      - name: Run make generate
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: make generate
+        run: nix develop --command -- make generate

      - name: Check for uncommitted changes
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
@@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: nix develop --fallback --command bash -e {0}
-
 jobs:
  check-tests:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -28,15 +24,19 @@ jobs:
              - '**/*.go'
              - 'integration_test/'
              - 'config-example.yaml'
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}

      - name: Generate and check integration tests
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
        run: |
-          (cd .github/workflows && go generate)
+          nix develop --command bash -c "cd .github/workflows && go generate"
          git diff --exit-code .github/workflows/test-integration.yaml

      - name: Show missing tests
@@ -16,10 +16,6 @@ concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.sha }}
  cancel-in-progress: true

-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: nix develop --fallback --command bash -e {0}
-
 jobs:
  container:
    if: github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
@@ -44,8 +40,12 @@ jobs:
          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}

      - name: Set commit timestamp
        run: echo "SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=$(git log -1 --format=%ct)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ jobs:
          KO_DEFAULTBASEIMAGE: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian13
          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
        run: |
-          ko build \
+          nix develop --command -- ko build \
            --bare \
            --platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
-            --tags=main-${GITHUB_SHA::7},development \
+            --tags=main-${GITHUB_SHA::7} \
            ./cmd/headscale

      - name: Push to Docker Hub
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ jobs:
          KO_DEFAULTBASEIMAGE: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian13
          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
        run: |
-          ko build \
+          nix develop --command -- ko build \
            --bare \
            --platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
-            --tags=main-${GITHUB_SHA::7},development \
+            --tags=main-${GITHUB_SHA::7} \
            ./cmd/headscale

  binaries:
@@ -92,15 +92,19 @@ jobs:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1

-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}

      - name: Build binary
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
          GOOS: ${{ matrix.goos }}
          GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
-        run: go build -o headscale ./cmd/headscale
+        run: nix develop --command -- go build -o headscale ./cmd/headscale

      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
        with:
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-name: Cache GC
-
-# Garbage collection for the hestia binary cache. Must run on the default
-# branch: a PR job's cache scope is read-only towards the default branch and
-# dies with the PR, but the default-branch scope grows forever without GC.
-
-concurrency:
-  group: hestia-gc
-  cancel-in-progress: false
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    # Daily, off-peak (UTC).
-    - cron: "23 3 * * *"
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      dry-run:
-        description: Plan only; do not repack, touch, or delete anything.
-        type: boolean
-        default: false
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  gc:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      # REST cache deletes need actions:write.
-      actions: write
-      contents: read
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@df4cb1c069e1874edd31b4311f1884172cec0e10 # v6
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
-      - name: Run garbage collection
-        run: '"${HESTIA_BIN}" gc ${{ inputs.dry-run && ''--dry-run'' || '''' }}'
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 // Key is the test function name, value is a list of subtest prefixes.
 // Each prefix becomes a separate CI job as "TestName/prefix".
 //
-// Example: [TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork] has subtests like:
+// Example: TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork has subtests like:
 //   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-tag-advertiseduringup-false-pol-database
 //   - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-user-advertiseduringup-true-pol-file
 //
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ func findTests() []string {
 	args := []string{
 		"--type", "go",
 		"--regexp", "func (Test.+)\\(.*",
-		"--max-depth", "1",
 		"../../integration/",
 		"--replace", "$1",
 		"--sort", "path",
@@ -51,11 +51,6 @@ jobs:
        with:
          name: tailscale-head-image
          path: /tmp/artifacts
-      - name: Download tailscale released images
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
-        with:
-          name: tailscale-released-images
-          path: /tmp/artifacts
      - name: Download hi binary
        uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0
        with:
@@ -72,33 +67,28 @@ jobs:
        with:
          name: postgres-image
          path: /tmp/artifacts
-      - name: Force overlay2 storage driver
+      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
        run: |
-          sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
-          echo '{"storage-driver":"overlay2"}' | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
+          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
+          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
+          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
+          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
+          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
+          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
+            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
+            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
+            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
+          sudo apt-get update -qq
+          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
+          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
+            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
          sudo systemctl restart docker
          docker version
-      - name: Load br_netfilter for in-cluster service routing
-        if: inputs.test == 'TestK8sOperator'
-        # TestK8sOperator runs k3s in a container; without br_netfilter on the
-        # host, bridged pod-to-pod traffic skips kube-proxy's ClusterIP DNAT and
-        # in-cluster DNS (kube-dns) is unreachable. The module cannot be loaded
-        # from inside the unprivileged-module rancher/k3s image, so load it here.
-        run: sudo modprobe br_netfilter
-      - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        env:
-          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_USERNAME }}
-          DOCKERHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != ''
-        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
-        with:
-          username: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-          password: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Load Docker images, Go cache, and prepare binary
        run: |
          gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/headscale-image.tar.gz | docker load
          gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/tailscale-head-image.tar.gz | docker load
-          gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/tailscale-released-images.tar.gz | docker load
          if [ -f /tmp/artifacts/postgres-image.tar.gz ]; then
            gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/postgres-image.tar.gz | docker load
          fi
@@ -115,12 +105,6 @@ jobs:
          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_POSTGRES_IMAGE: ${{ inputs.postgres_flag == '--postgres=1' && format('postgres:{0}', github.sha) || '' }}
          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_CACHE: /tmp/go-cache/go
          HEADSCALE_INTEGRATION_GO_BUILD_CACHE: /tmp/go-cache/.cache/go-build
-          # Mirror the docker/login-action secrets into env so the
-          # dockertestutil.Credentials resolver picks them up directly
-          # (otherwise it falls back to parsing ~/.docker/config.json,
-          # which works but is one step further from the source).
-          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_USERNAME }}
-          DOCKERHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_TOKEN }}
        run: /tmp/artifacts/hi run --stats --ts-memory-limit=300 --hs-memory-limit=1500 "^${{ inputs.test }}$" \
          --timeout=120m \
          ${{ inputs.postgres_flag }}
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+name: Lint
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  golangci-lint:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+      - name: Get changed files
+        id: changed-files
+        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            files:
+              - '*.nix'
+              - 'go.*'
+              - '**/*.go'
+              - 'integration_test/'
+              - 'config-example.yaml'
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+
+      - name: golangci-lint
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        run: nix develop --command -- golangci-lint run
+          --new-from-rev=${{github.event.pull_request.base.sha}}
+          --output.text.path=stdout
+          --output.text.print-linter-name
+          --output.text.print-issued-lines
+          --output.text.colors
+
+  prettier-lint:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+      - name: Get changed files
+        id: changed-files
+        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            files:
+              - '*.nix'
+              - '**/*.md'
+              - '**/*.yml'
+              - '**/*.yaml'
+              - '**/*.ts'
+              - '**/*.js'
+              - '**/*.sass'
+              - '**/*.css'
+              - '**/*.scss'
+              - '**/*.html'
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+
+      - name: Prettify code
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        run: nix develop --command -- prettier --no-error-on-unmatched-pattern
+          --ignore-unknown --check **/*.{ts,js,md,yaml,yml,sass,css,scss,html}
+
+  proto-lint:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+
+      - name: Buf lint
+        run: nix develop --command -- buf lint proto
@@ -58,16 +58,15 @@ jobs:

            # Find when needs-more-info was last added
            let events = (gh api $"repos/($env.GH_REPO)/issues/($number)/events"
-              --paginate | from json)
+              --paginate | from json | flatten)
            let label_event = ($events
-              | where event == "labeled"
-              | where label.name == "needs-more-info"
+              | where event == "labeled" and label.name == "needs-more-info"
              | last)
            let label_added_at = ($label_event.created_at | into datetime)

            # Check for non-bot comments after the label was added
            let comments = (gh api $"repos/($env.GH_REPO)/issues/($number)/comments"
-              --paginate | from json)
+              --paginate | from json | flatten)
            let human_responses = ($comments
              | where user.type != "Bot"
              | where { ($in.created_at | into datetime) > $label_added_at })
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-name: Nix Flake Checks
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - main
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-# Each job only runs `nix build .#checks.<system>.<name>`; the check logic lives
-# in flake.nix via the flake-checks library. The fileset-filtered checks hit the
-# hestia cache when their inputs are unchanged, so no changed-files gating.
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
-      - name: build
-        run: nix build -L .#checks.x86_64-linux.build
-
-  gotest:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
-      - name: gotest
-        run: nix build -L .#checks.x86_64-linux.gotest
-
-  golangci-lint:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
-      - name: golangci-lint
-        run: nix build -L .#checks.x86_64-linux.golangci-lint
-
-  formatting:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
-      - name: formatting
-        run: nix build -L .#checks.x86_64-linux.formatting
@@ -38,14 +38,18 @@ jobs:
              - 'cmd/**'
              - 'hscontrol/**'

-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.nix == 'true' || steps.changed-files.outputs.go == 'true'

-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.nix == 'true' || steps.changed-files.outputs.go == 'true'
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}

      - name: Run NixOS module tests
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.nix == 'true' || steps.changed-files.outputs.go == 'true'
        run: |
          echo "Running NixOS module integration test..."
-          nix build .#checks.x86_64-linux.headscale -L --fallback
+          nix build .#checks.x86_64-linux.headscale -L
@@ -7,10 +7,6 @@ on:
      - "*" # triggers only if push new tag version
  workflow_dispatch:

-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: nix develop --fallback --command bash -e {0}
-
 jobs:
  goreleaser:
    if: github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
@@ -21,6 +17,25 @@ jobs:
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

+      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
+        run: |
+          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
+          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
+          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
+          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
+          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
+          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
+            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
+            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
+            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
+          sudo apt-get update -qq
+          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
+          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
+            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
+          sudo systemctl restart docker
+          docker version
+
      - name: Login to DockerHub
        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
        with:
@@ -34,10 +49,14 @@ jobs:
          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}

      - name: Run goreleaser
-        run: goreleaser release --clean
+        run: nix develop --command -- goreleaser release --clean
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-name: Server Tests
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - main
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-# hscontrol/servertest is excluded from the sandboxed gotest flake check: it is
-# slow (10s+ convergence cases) and timing-sensitive (race/stress/HA property
-# tests), so it runs here in the devShell with a generous timeout instead.
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: nix develop --fallback --command bash -e {0}
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  servertest:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
-
-      - name: go test ./hscontrol/servertest
-        env:
-          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
-        run: go test -timeout=20m ./hscontrol/servertest/...
@@ -6,15 +6,9 @@ on: [pull_request]
 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
  cancel-in-progress: true
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: nix develop --fallback --command bash -e {0}
 jobs:
  # build: Builds binaries and Docker images once, uploads as artifacts for reuse.
  # build-postgres: Pulls postgres image separately to avoid Docker Hub rate limits.
-  # build-tailscale-released: Pre-pulls released Tailscale images from ghcr.io
-  # so fork PRs (no DOCKERHUB_USERNAME secret) don't hit Docker Hub rate
-  # limits at test time.
  # sqlite: Runs all integration tests with SQLite backend.
  # postgres: Runs a subset of tests with PostgreSQL to verify database compatibility.
  build:
@@ -39,18 +33,23 @@ jobs:
              - '.github/workflows/test-integration.yaml'
              - '.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml'
              - 'Dockerfile.*'
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix', '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
      - name: Build binaries and warm Go cache
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
        run: |
          # Build all Go binaries in one nix shell to maximize cache reuse
-          go build -o hi ./cmd/hi
-          CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -o headscale ./cmd/headscale
-          # Build integration test binary to warm the cache with all dependencies
-          go test -c ./integration -o /dev/null 2>/dev/null || true
+          nix develop --command -- bash -c '
+            go build -o hi ./cmd/hi
+            CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -o headscale ./cmd/headscale
+            # Build integration test binary to warm the cache with all dependencies
+            go test -c ./integration -o /dev/null 2>/dev/null || true
+          '
      - name: Upload hi binary
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
@@ -70,26 +69,25 @@ jobs:
          name: go-cache
          path: go-cache.tar.gz
          retention-days: 10
-      - name: Force overlay2 storage driver
+      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
        run: |
-          # Docker 29 runner images default to overlayfs, which breaks
-          # docker build via Go SDK libraries and docker save/load
-          # tarball formats. overlay2 is the long-standing default.
+          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
+          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
+          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
-          sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
-          echo '{"storage-driver":"overlay2"}' | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
+          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
+          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
+            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
+            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
+            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
+          sudo apt-get update -qq
+          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
+          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
+            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
          sudo systemctl restart docker
          docker version
-      - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        env:
-          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_USERNAME }}
-          DOCKERHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != ''
-        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
-        with:
-          username: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-          password: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Build headscale image
        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
        run: |
@@ -125,24 +123,25 @@ jobs:
    needs: build
    if: needs.build.outputs.files-changed == 'true'
    steps:
-      - name: Force overlay2 storage driver
-        shell: bash
+      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
        run: |
-          sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
-          echo '{"storage-driver":"overlay2"}' | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
+          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
+          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
+          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
+          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
+          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
+          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
+            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
+          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
+            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
+            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
+          sudo apt-get update -qq
+          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
+          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
+            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
          sudo systemctl restart docker
          docker version
-      - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        env:
-          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_USERNAME }}
-          DOCKERHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != ''
-        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
-        with:
-          username: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-          password: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Pull and save postgres image
-        shell: bash
        run: |
          docker pull postgres:latest
          docker tag postgres:latest postgres:${{ github.sha }}
@@ -153,67 +152,8 @@ jobs:
          name: postgres-image
          path: postgres-image.tar.gz
          retention-days: 10
-  build-tailscale-released:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-    needs: build
-    if: needs.build.outputs.files-changed == 'true'
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-      - uses: NixOS/nix-installer-action@6b8548fe06acfb0155a50ab5d561accb215764cc # main
-      - uses: Mic92/hestia/action@ff07bb902a9968ac0c3d0e51d90a606662a375d8 # main
-      - name: Force overlay2 storage driver
-        run: |
-          sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
-          echo '{"storage-driver":"overlay2"}' | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
-          sudo systemctl restart docker
-          docker version
-      - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        env:
-          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_USERNAME }}
-          DOCKERHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_CI_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME != ''
-        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
-        with:
-          username: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-          password: ${{ env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
-      - name: List Tailscale versions to pre-pull
-        id: versions
-        run: |
-          versions=$(go run ./cmd/hi list-versions --set=must --exclude=head)
-          echo "versions=${versions}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          echo "Pre-pulling: ${versions}"
-      - name: Pull Tailscale images
-        run: |
-          # Releases come from ghcr.io (anonymous, unmetered). The
-          # "unstable" floating tag on ghcr.io has been stale since 2022,
-          # so it still needs to come from Docker Hub. xargs -P 0 fans
-          # out one process per tag and returns non-zero if any pull
-          # fails.
-          refs=""
-          for v in ${{ steps.versions.outputs.versions }}; do
-            if [ "${v}" = "unstable" ]; then
-              refs="${refs} tailscale/tailscale:${v}"
-            else
-              refs="${refs} ghcr.io/tailscale/tailscale:${v}"
-            fi
-          done
-          echo "${refs}" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep -v '^$' \
-            | xargs -P 0 -I{} docker pull "{}"
-          echo "REFS=${refs}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Save Tailscale images to tarball
-        run: |
-          # Single docker save with all refs: one consistent snapshot, no
-          # parallel-daemon race.
-          docker save ${REFS} | gzip > tailscale-released-images.tar.gz
-          ls -lh tailscale-released-images.tar.gz
-      - name: Upload Tailscale released images
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        with:
-          name: tailscale-released-images
-          path: tailscale-released-images.tar.gz
-          retention-days: 10
  sqlite:
-    needs: [build, build-tailscale-released]
+    needs: build
    if: needs.build.outputs.files-changed == 'true'
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
@@ -241,7 +181,7 @@ jobs:
          - TestACLDynamicUnknownUserRemoval
          - TestAPIAuthenticationBypass
          - TestAPIAuthenticationBypassCurl
-          - TestRemoteCLIAuthenticationBypass
+          - TestGRPCAuthenticationBypass
          - TestCLIWithConfigAuthenticationBypass
          - TestAuthKeyLogoutAndReloginSameUser
          - TestAuthKeyLogoutAndReloginNewUser
@@ -262,34 +202,18 @@ jobs:
          - TestAuthWebFlowAuthenticationPingAll
          - TestAuthWebFlowLogoutAndReloginSameUser
          - TestAuthWebFlowLogoutAndReloginNewUser
-          - TestApiKeyCommand
-          - TestApiKeyCommandValidation
-          - TestAuthCommandValidation
-          - TestNodeCommand
-          - TestNodeExpireCommand
-          - TestNodeRenameCommand
-          - TestPreAuthKeyCorrectUserLoggedInCommand
-          - TestTaggedNodesCLIOutput
-          - TestNodeExpireFlagsCommand
-          - TestNodeCommandValidation
-          - TestNodeTagCommand
-          - TestNodeRouteCommands
-          - TestNodeBackfillIPsCommand
-          - TestOAuthClientCommand
-          - TestOAuthClientCommandValidation
-          - TestPolicyCheckCommand
-          - TestSSHTestsRejectFailingPolicy
-          - TestPolicyCommand
-          - TestPolicyBrokenConfigCommand
+          - TestUserCommand
          - TestPreAuthKeyCommand
          - TestPreAuthKeyCommandWithoutExpiry
          - TestPreAuthKeyCommandReusableEphemeral
-          - TestPreAuthKeyDeleteCommand
-          - TestPreAuthKeyCommandValidation
-          - TestServerInfoCommands
-          - TestUserCommand
-          - TestUserCreateCommand
-          - TestUserCommandValidation
+          - TestPreAuthKeyCorrectUserLoggedInCommand
+          - TestTaggedNodesCLIOutput
+          - TestApiKeyCommand
+          - TestNodeCommand
+          - TestNodeExpireCommand
+          - TestNodeRenameCommand
+          - TestPolicyCommand
+          - TestPolicyBrokenConfigCommand
          - TestDERPVerifyEndpoint
          - TestResolveMagicDNS
          - TestResolveMagicDNSExtraRecordsPath
@@ -311,12 +235,10 @@ jobs:
          - Test2118DeletingOnlineNodePanics
          - TestGrantCapRelay
          - TestGrantCapDrive
-          - TestK8sOperator
          - TestEnablingRoutes
          - TestHASubnetRouterFailover
          - TestSubnetRouteACL
          - TestEnablingExitRoutes
-          - TestExitRoutesWithAutogroupInternetACL
          - TestSubnetRouterMultiNetwork
          - TestSubnetRouterMultiNetworkExitNode
          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-tag.*
@@ -327,10 +249,6 @@ jobs:
          - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-group.*
          - TestSubnetRouteACLFiltering
          - TestGrantViaSubnetSteering
-          - TestHASubnetRouterPingFailover
-          - TestHASubnetRouterFailoverBothOffline
-          - TestHASubnetRouterFailoverBothOfflineCablePull
-          - TestHASubnetRouterFailoverDockerDisconnect
          - TestHeadscale
          - TestTailscaleNodesJoiningHeadcale
          - TestSSHOneUserToAll
@@ -344,7 +262,6 @@ jobs:
          - TestSSHCheckModeUnapprovedTimeout
          - TestSSHCheckModeCheckPeriodCLI
          - TestSSHCheckModeAutoApprove
-          - TestSSHCheckModeSessionLossReDelegates
          - TestSSHCheckModeNegativeCLI
          - TestSSHLocalpart
          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagRequestDifferentTag
@@ -379,9 +296,6 @@ jobs:
          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutUserInheritsTags
          - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutUserRejectsAdvertisedTags
          - TestTagsAuthKeyConvertToUserViaCLIRegister
-          - TestTS2021WebSocketGET
-          - TestTS2021WASMClientUnderNode
-          - TestTailscaleRustAxum
    uses: ./.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml
    secrets: inherit
    with:
@@ -389,7 +303,7 @@ jobs:
      postgres_flag: "--postgres=0"
      database_name: "sqlite"
  postgres:
-    needs: [build, build-postgres, build-tailscale-released]
+    needs: [build, build-postgres]
    if: needs.build.outputs.files-changed == 'true'
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+name: Tests
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-$${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      - name: Get changed files
+        id: changed-files
+        uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36 # v3.0.2
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            files:
+              - '*.nix'
+              - 'go.*'
+              - '**/*.go'
+              - 'integration_test/'
+              - 'config-example.yaml'
+
+      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        with:
+          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
+            '**/flake.lock') }}
+          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
+        env:
+          # As of 2025-01-06, these env vars was not automatically
+          # set anymore which breaks the initdb for postgres on
+          # some of the database migration tests.
+          LC_ALL: "en_US.UTF-8"
+          LC_CTYPE: "en_US.UTF-8"
+        run: nix develop --command -- gotestsum
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+name: update-flake-lock
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 0 * * 0" # runs weekly on Sunday at 00:00
+
+jobs:
+  lockfile:
+    if: github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
+      - name: Install Nix
+        uses: DeterminateSystems/nix-installer-action@21a544727d0c62386e78b4befe52d19ad12692e3 # v17
+      - name: Update flake.lock
+        uses: DeterminateSystems/update-flake-lock@428c2b58a4b7414dabd372acb6a03dba1084d3ab # v25
+        with:
+          pr-title: "Update flake.lock"
@@ -46,9 +46,6 @@ result

 integration_test/etc/config.dump.yaml

-# OpenAPI spec is served live from the code and emitted on demand, not committed
-/openapi/v1/headscale.yaml
-
 # MkDocs
 .cache
 /site
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ linters:
    - gochecknoinits
    - gocognit
    - godox
-    - gomodguard
    - interfacebloat
    - ireturn
    - lll
@@ -31,17 +30,6 @@ linters:
    - wrapcheck
    - wsl
  settings:
-    goconst:
-      # Test fixtures repeat strings (IPs, tags, hostnames) by their
-      # nature; extracting them obscures the test rather than helping.
-      # Production code stays strict.
-      ignore-tests: true
-      # Default is 3. Bump so "happens thrice" cases that are not part
-      # of a shared vocabulary do not get extracted.
-      min-occurrences: 5
-      # Default is 3. Short literals ("set", "get", "new") read better
-      # at call sites than behind a named constant.
-      min-len: 6
    forbidigo:
      forbid:
        # Forbid time.Sleep everywhere with context-appropriate alternatives
@@ -42,9 +42,10 @@ source:
    - "vendor/"

 nfpms:
-  # Configure nFPM for .deb releases
+  # Configure nFPM for .deb and .rpm releases
  #
-  # See https://goreleaser.com/customization/package/nfpm/
+  # See https://nfpm.goreleaser.com/configuration/
+  # and https://goreleaser.com/customization/nfpm/
  #
  # Useful tools for debugging .debs:
  # List file contents: dpkg -c dist/headscale...deb
@@ -78,8 +79,6 @@ nfpms:
        dst: /usr/lib/systemd/system/headscale.service
      - dst: /var/lib/headscale
        type: dir
-      - src: ./config-example.yaml
-        dst: /usr/share/doc/headscale/examples/config-example.yaml
      - src: LICENSE
        dst: /usr/share/doc/headscale/copyright
    scripts:
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@
 # See: https://prek.j178.dev/quickstart/
 # See: https://prek.j178.dev/builtin/

-# Global exclusions - ignore generated code (proto output and emitted OpenAPI)
-# and recorded golden fixtures.
-exclude: ^(gen|openapi)/|^hscontrol/testdata/apiv1_golden/
+# Global exclusions - ignore generated code
+exclude: ^gen/

 repos:
  # Built-in hooks from pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
@@ -14,7 +13,6 @@ repos:
    rev: v6.0.0
    hooks:
      - id: check-added-large-files
-        args: [--maxkb=1024]
      - id: check-case-conflict
      - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
      - id: check-json
@@ -62,11 +60,3 @@ repos:
        language: system
        types: [go]
        pass_filenames: false
-
-      # vendor-hash keeps flakehashes.json in sync with go.mod/go.sum.
-      - id: vendor-hash
-        name: vendor-hash
-        entry: nix develop --command -- go run ./cmd/vendorhash check
-        language: system
-        files: ^(go\.mod|go\.sum|flakehashes\.json)$
-        pass_filenames: false
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ databases. The `migrationsRequiringFKDisabled` map in

 Headscale enforces **tags XOR user ownership**: every node is either
 tagged (owned by tags) or user-owned (owned by a user namespace), never
-both. This is a load-bearing architectural rule.
+both. This is a load-bearing architectural invariant.

 - **Use `node.IsTagged()`** (`hscontrol/types/node.go:221`) to determine
  ownership, not `node.UserID().Valid()`. A tagged node may still have
@@ -275,11 +275,6 @@ Key reminders:
  `e = e.Str("k", v)`. Forgetting to reassign silently drops the field.
 - **Tests**: prefer `hscontrol/servertest/` for server-level tests that
  don't need Docker — faster than full integration tests.
- **View types in read paths**: response serializers must read through
-  `NodeView`/`UserView`/`PreAuthKeyView` accessors. `AsStruct()` clones the
-  whole record on every read — it is only for DB-write/merge clones and mutable
-  working copies, never to build an API response. `grep AsStruct hscontrol/api`
-  must come back empty.

 ## Gotchas

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-# AI Policy
-
-Using AI (i.e., LLMs) as tools for coding is welcome. A high bar is held for
-all contributions to this project. Moreover, the project maintainers remain
-responsible for any code that is published as part of a release. Contributors
-are expected to be responsible for any code they publish.
-
-**AI should not be used to generate comments when communicating with
-maintainers**. Comments are expected to be written by humans. Comments that are
-believed to be written by AI may be hidden without notice.
-
-If you are opening an issue, you should be able to describe the problem in your
-own words.
-
-If you are opening a pull request, you are expected to be able to explain the
-proposed changes in your own words. This includes the pull request body and
-responses to questions. **Do not copy responses from the AI when replying to
-questions from maintainers.**
-
-This project requires a human in the loop who understands the work produced by
-AI. **Autonomous agents are not allowed to be used for contributing to this
-project**. Pull requests that appear in violation of this will be closed,
-perhaps without notice.
-
-If you wish to include context from an interaction with AI in your comments, it
-must be in a quote block (e.g., using `>`) and disclosed as such. It must be
-accompanied by human commentary explaining the relevance and implications of
-the context. Do not share long snippets.
-
-AI is useful when communicating as a non-native English speaker. If you are
-using AI to edit your comments for this purpose, please take the time to ensure
-it reflects your own voice and ideas. If using AI for translation, we recommend
-writing in your native language and including the AI translation in a quote
-block.
-
-This policy was adapted from [uv's AI policy].
-
-[uv's AI policy]: https://github.com/astral-sh/.github/blob/c5187e200db51bfe11d56e13053d29bd3793fdd8/AI_POLICY.md
@@ -1,71 +1,8 @@
 # CHANGELOG

-## 0.30.0 (202x-xx-xx)
+## 0.29.0 (202x-xx-xx)

-**Minimum supported Tailscale client version: v1.xx.0**
-
-### v1 REST API replaced; gRPC and Protobuf removed
-
-The v1 REST API now provides an OpenAPI 3.1 specification at
-`/api/v1/openapi.yaml`, with interactive documentation at `/api/v1/docs`. This
-replaces the Swagger 2.0 document and the `/swagger` UI. The Protobuf, gRPC and
-grpc-gateway stack behind it is gone, and the `headscale` CLI now talks to the
-HTTP API directly.
-
-[#3324](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3324)
-
-### OAuth clients and scopes for the v2 API
-
-The v2 API now authenticates with OAuth 2.0 client-credentials, the way the
-Tailscale ecosystem does. An OAuth client mints short-lived access tokens whose
-scopes limit which operations they may perform and whose tags limit the devices
-they may create, so a credential can be issued with only the access it needs.
-The `headscale oauth-clients` command manages them. This lets the Tailscale
-Terraform provider and Kubernetes operator drive Headscale unchanged; admin API
-keys remain all-access.
-
-[#3334](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3334)
-
-### BREAKING
-
-#### API
-
- The gRPC API is removed; all programmatic access now goes through the HTTP API at `/api/v1` [#3324](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3324)
- API errors are now RFC 7807 `application/problem+json`, including authentication failures, instead of the previous gRPC-status JSON shape [#3324](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3324)
- Errors that previously returned HTTP 500 — unknown users or nodes, malformed input, duplicate names — now return the correct 404, 400 or 409 [#3324](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3324)
- The OpenAPI document is OpenAPI 3.1 at `/api/v1/openapi.yaml` (docs at `/api/v1/docs`), replacing Swagger 2.0 at `/swagger` [#3324](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3324)
-
-#### CLI
-
- `--output json` / `--output yaml` now emit the API's shape — camelCase fields, string-encoded IDs, RFC3339 timestamps — instead of the old Protobuf encoding [#3324](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3324)
- `headscale policy` renames the database-bypass flag from `--bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly` to `--bypass-server-and-access-database-directly` [#3324](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3324)
-
-### Changes
-
- Expiring or deleting a non-existent pre-auth key now returns an error instead of silently succeeding [#3324](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3324)
- Improve systemd service file hardening [#3341](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3341)
-
-## 0.29.2 (2026-07-01)
-
-**Minimum supported Tailscale client version: v1.80.0**
-
-### Changes
-
- Fix map generation serializing on the policy lock, so a mass reconnect on `autogroup:self`, via or relay policies no longer stalls clients into `unexpected EOF` retry loops [#3358](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3358)
- Fix `/ts2021` rejecting the WebSocket `GET` upgrade with 405, which prevented Tailscale JS/WASM control clients from connecting [#3359](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3359)
- Gracefully handle nodes with an invalid FQDN (empty or too long) instead of failing map delivery; offending names are logged at startup with the fix command [#3349](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3349)
-
-## 0.29.1 (2026-06-18)
-
-**Minimum supported Tailscale client version: v1.80.0**
-
-### Changes
-
- Fix nodes with `tags='null'` losing their assigned user on upgrade [#3325](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3325)
-
-## 0.29.0 (2026-06-17)
-
-**Minimum supported Tailscale client version: v1.80.0**
+**Minimum supported Tailscale client version: v1.76.0**

 ### Tailscale ACL compatibility improvements

@@ -90,288 +27,80 @@ A new `headscale auth` CLI command group supports the approval flow:
 [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
 [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)

-### Policy tests (beta)
-
-Headscale now evaluates the `tests` block in a policy file. Tests assert reachability between
-named sources and destinations and cover the whole policy — both `acls` and `grants` rules
-contribute. They run on user-initiated writes via `headscale policy set`, on SIGHUP reload
-(`systemctl reload headscale` / `kill -HUP $(pidof headscale)`), and on `headscale policy check`.
-A failing test rejects the write before it is applied, with the same error message Tailscale SaaS
-would return for the same policy.
-
-At boot a stored policy whose tests no longer pass — for example because a referenced user was
-deleted while the server was offline — logs a warning and the server keeps running. Fix the
-policy and reload.
-
-This feature is **beta** while behavioural coverage against Tailscale SaaS broadens.
-
-[#3229](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3229)
-
-### SSH policy tests (beta)
-
-Headscale now evaluates the `sshTests` block in a policy file. Each entry names a source, one or
-more destination hosts, and three optional user lists: `accept` asserts the listed login users
-reach every destination via an accept- or check-action SSH rule, `deny` asserts none of them
-reach any destination, and `check` requires reachability specifically through a check-action
-rule. Tests run on `headscale policy set`, on SIGHUP reload (`systemctl reload headscale` /
-`kill -HUP $(pidof headscale)`), and on `headscale policy check`. A failing test rejects the
-write before it is applied, with the same error message Tailscale SaaS would return for the same
-policy.
-
-At boot a stored policy whose sshTests no longer pass — for example because a referenced user was
-deleted while the server was offline — logs a warning and the server keeps running. Fix the
-policy and reload.
-
-This feature is **beta** while behavioural coverage against Tailscale SaaS broadens.
-
-[#3263](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3263)
-
-### SSH rule validation
-
-SSH rule parsing now trims surrounding whitespace on `action`, `users`, `src`, and `dst`,
-rejects empty or wildcard entries in `users`, rejects empty `acceptEnv`, and rejects negative
-`checkPeriod`. `hosts:` aliases are rejected as SSH destinations, non-ASCII tag names are
-rejected at parse time, and the wording for group-nesting cycles matches Tailscale SaaS.
-[#3263](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3263)
-
 ### Grants

-We now support [Tailscale grants](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/grants)
-alongside ACLs. Grants extend what you can express in a policy beyond packet filtering: the `app`
-field controls application-level features like Taildrive file sharing and peer relay, and the `via`
-field steers traffic through specific tagged subnet routers or exit nodes. The `ip` field works like
-an ACL rule. Grants can be mixed with ACLs in the same policy file.
+We now support [Tailscale grants](https://tailscale.com/kb/1324/grants) alongside ACLs. Grants
+extend what you can express in a policy beyond packet filtering: the `app` field controls
+application-level features like Taildrive file sharing and peer relay, and the `via` field steers
+traffic through specific tagged subnet routers or exit nodes. The `ip` field works like an ACL rule.
+Grants can be mixed with ACLs in the same policy file.
 [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)

-As part of this, we added `autogroup:danger-all`. It resolves to `0.0.0.0/0` and `::/0`, all IP
+As part of this, we added `autogroup:danger-all`. It resolves to `0.0.0.0/0` and `::/0` — all IP
 addresses, including those outside the tailnet. This replaces the old behaviour where `*` matched
-all IPs (see BREAKING below). The name is intentional: accepting traffic from the entire
+all IPs (see BREAKING below). The name is intentionally scary: accepting traffic from the entire
 internet is a security-sensitive choice. `autogroup:danger-all` can only be used as a source.

-### Node attributes (`nodeAttrs`)
-
-ACL policies now accept a `nodeAttrs` block. Each entry hands a list of
-Tailscale node capabilities to every node matching `target`. The accepted
-target forms are the same as `acls.src` and `grants.src`: users, groups,
-tags, hosts, prefixes, `autogroup:member`, `autogroup:tagged`, and `*`.
-
-```jsonc
-{
-  "randomizeClientPort": true,
-  "nodeAttrs": [
-    { "target": ["autogroup:tagged"], "attr": ["disable-captive-portal-detection"] },
-    { "target": ["alice@example.com"], "attr": ["nextdns:abc123"] },
-  ],
-}
-```
-
-Frequently requested capabilities this unlocks include `magicdns-aaaa`,
-`disable-relay-server`, `disable-captive-portal-detection`,
-`nextdns:<profile>` / `nextdns:no-device-info`, `randomize-client-port`,
-and the Taildrive `drive:share` / `drive:access` pair. The set is not
-limited to these, any string-only cap an operator places in policy
-reaches clients unchanged.
-
-`randomizeClientPort` also lands as a top-level policy field that toggles
-the default for every node, replacing the old server-config knob.
-
-A new `auto_update.enabled` config option controls the tailnet-wide
-default for client auto-update. When true, every node's CapMap carries
-`default-auto-update: [true]` so fresh clients pick up the default
-unless they make a local opt-in / opt-out choice.
-
-Policies that use the `funnel` cap, `ipPool` blocks, or
-`autogroup:admin` / `autogroup:owner` targets are rejected at load —
-those features depend on machinery headscale does not yet ship.
-
-[#3251](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3251)
-
-### Taildrive
-
-Taildrive ([file-sync between
-nodes](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/taildrive)) is now
-configurable through policy. Grant `drive:share` to the node that
-hosts files and `drive:access` to nodes that read or write them; pair
-with a `tailscale.com/cap/drive` grant to set the per-share access
-mode:
-
-```jsonc
-{
-  "nodeAttrs": [
-    { "target": ["tag:fileserver"], "attr": ["drive:share"] },
-    { "target": ["autogroup:member"], "attr": ["drive:access"] },
-  ],
-  "grants": [
-    {
-      "src": ["autogroup:member"],
-      "dst": ["tag:fileserver"],
-      "app": {
-        "tailscale.com/cap/drive": [{ "shares": ["*"], "access": "rw" }],
-      },
-    },
-  ],
-}
-```
-
-A wildcard `nodeAttrs` (`"target": ["*"]`) hands the caps to every
-node when fine-grained control is not needed.
-
-### Hostname sanitisation
-
-Hostnames are now santised using Tailscales `magicdns` sanitisation rules, matching Tailscale SaaS behavior. This means that hostnames with non-ASCII characters, special characters, or reserved DNS label characters are now transformed into valid DNS labels for MagicDNS. This improves our previously too strict sanitisation that rejected hostnames based on our guesswork and not based on the Tailscale upstream behaviour.
-
-Examples that previously regressed and now work:
-
-| Input                | Raw (Hostname)       | DNS label (GivenName) |
-| -------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- |
-| `Joe's Mac mini`     | `Joe's Mac mini`     | `joes-mac-mini`       |
-| `Yuri's MacBook Pro` | `Yuri's MacBook Pro` | `yuris-macbook-pro`   |
-| `Test@Host`          | `Test@Host`          | `test-host`           |
-| `mail.server`        | `mail.server`        | `mail-server`         |
-| `My-PC!`             | `My-PC!`             | `my-pc`               |
-| `我的电脑`           | `我的电脑`           | `node`                |
-
-[#3202](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3202)
-
-### HA subnet router health probing
-
-Headscale now actively probes HA subnet routers to detect nodes that are connected but not
-forwarding traffic. The control plane periodically pings HA subnet routers via the Noise
-control channel and fails over to a healthy standby if the primary stops responding. This is
-enabled by default (`node.routes.ha.probe_interval: 10s`, `probe_timeout: 5s`) and only
-active when HA routes exist (2+ nodes advertising the same prefix). Set `probe_interval` to
-`0` to disable. This complements the existing disconnect-based failover, catching "zombie
-connected" routers that maintain their control session but cannot route packets.
-[#3194](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3194)
-
 ### BREAKING

-#### Hostname handling
-
- The `GivenName` collision policy changed from an 8-char random hash suffix (`laptop-abc12xyz`) to a monotonic numeric suffix (`laptop`, `laptop-1`, `laptop-2`, …), matching Tailscale SaaS. Empty / all-non-ASCII hostnames now fall back to the literal `node` instead of `invalid-<rand>`. MagicDNS names change on upgrade for any node whose previous label was a random-suffix form; the raw `Hostname` column is unchanged. [#3202](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3202)
-
-#### ACL Policy
-
- Wildcard (`*`) in ACL sources and destinations now resolves to Tailscale's CGNAT range (`100.64.0.0/10`) and ULA range (`fd7a:115c:a1e0::/48`) instead of all IPs (`0.0.0.0/0` and `::/0`) [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
+- **ACL Policy**: Wildcard (`*`) in ACL sources and destinations now resolves to Tailscale's CGNAT range (`100.64.0.0/10`) and ULA range (`fd7a:115c:a1e0::/48`) instead of all IPs (`0.0.0.0/0` and `::/0`) [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
  - This better matches Tailscale's security model where `*` means "any node in the tailnet" rather than "any IP address"
  - Policies that need to match all IP addresses including non-Tailscale IPs should use `autogroup:danger-all` as a source, or explicit CIDR ranges as destinations [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
  - `autogroup:danger-all` can only be used as a source; it cannot be used as a destination
  - **Note**: Users with non-standard IP ranges configured in `prefixes.ipv4` or `prefixes.ipv6` (which is unsupported and produces a warning) will need to explicitly specify their CIDR ranges in ACL rules instead of using `*`
- Validate `autogroup:self` source restrictions matching Tailscale behavior - tags, hosts, and IPs are rejected as sources for `autogroup:self` destinations [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
-  - Policies using tags, hosts, or IP addresses as sources for `autogroup:self` destinations will now fail validation
- The `proto:icmp` protocol name now only includes ICMPv4 (protocol 1), matching Tailscale behavior [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
-  - Previously, `proto:icmp` included both ICMPv4 and ICMPv6
-  - Use `proto:ipv6-icmp` or protocol number `58` explicitly for ICMPv6
-
-#### Upgrade Path
-
- Headscale now enforces a strict version upgrade path [#3083](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3083)
+- **ACL Policy**: Validate autogroup:self source restrictions matching Tailscale behavior - tags, hosts, and IPs are rejected as sources for autogroup:self destinations [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
+  - Policies using tags, hosts, or IP addresses as sources for autogroup:self destinations will now fail validation
+- **Upgrade path**: Headscale now enforces a strict version upgrade path [#3083](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3083)
  - Skipping minor versions (e.g. 0.27 → 0.29) is blocked; upgrade one minor version at a time
  - Downgrading to a previous minor version is blocked
  - Patch version changes within the same minor are always allowed
-
-#### Configuration
-
- The `randomize_client_port` server-config key was removed; the
-  toggle now lives in the policy file as a top-level
-  `randomizeClientPort` field, matching the Tailscale-hosted schema. [#3251](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3251)
-  Headscale refuses to start when the old key is set. Move it to the
-  policy file referenced by `policy.path`:
-
-  ```jsonc
-  {
-    "randomizeClientPort": true,
-  }
-  ```
-
-  If you do not have a policy file yet, create one with that minimal
-  content and point `policy.path` at it. The default carries over —
-  empty / absent policy means `randomizeClientPort: false`, matching
-  the previous behaviour for operators who never set the key. Per-node
-  opt-in via `nodeAttrs` is also supported and stacks on top of the
-  global default.
-
-#### CLI
-
- `headscale nodes register` is deprecated in favour of `headscale auth register --auth-id <id> --user <user>` [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
+- **ACL Policy**: The `proto:icmp` protocol name now only includes ICMPv4 (protocol 1), matching Tailscale behavior [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
+  - Previously, `proto:icmp` included both ICMPv4 and ICMPv6
+  - Use `proto:ipv6-icmp` or protocol number `58` explicitly for ICMPv6
+- **CLI**: `headscale nodes register` is deprecated in favour of `headscale auth register --auth-id <id> --user <user>` [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
  - The old command continues to work but will be removed in a future release

 ### Changes

-#### ACL Policy
-
- Fix subnet-to-subnet peer visibility — subnet routers now correctly become peers when ACL rules reference only subnet CIDRs as sources, without requiring node IP rules [#3175](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3175)
- Fix filter rule reduction to use only approved subnet routes instead of all advertised routes, matching Tailscale SaaS behavior [#3175](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3175)
- Add ICMP and IPv6-ICMP protocols to default filter rules when no protocol is specified [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
- Fix autogroup:self handling for tagged nodes - tagged nodes no longer incorrectly receive autogroup:self filter rules [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
- Use CIDR format for autogroup:self destination IPs matching Tailscale behavior [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
- Merge filter rules with identical SrcIPs and IPProto matching Tailscale behavior - multiple ACL rules with the same source now produce a single FilterRule with combined DstPorts [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
- Fix exit nodes incorrectly receiving filter rules for destinations that only overlap via exit routes [#3169](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3169) [#3175](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3175)
+- **OIDC registration**: Add a confirmation page before completing node registration, showing the device hostname and machine key fingerprint [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
+- **Debug endpoints**: Omit secret fields (`Pass`, `ClientSecret`, `APIKey`) from `/debug/config` JSON output [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
+- **Debug endpoints**: Route `statsviz` through `tsweb.Protected` [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
+- Remove gRPC reflection from the remote (TCP) server [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
+- **Node Expiry**: Add `node.expiry` configuration option to set a default node key expiry for nodes registered via auth key [#3122](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3122)
+  - Tagged nodes (registered with tagged pre-auth keys) are exempt from default expiry
+  - `oidc.expiry` has been removed; use `node.expiry` instead (applies to all registration methods including OIDC)
+  - `ephemeral_node_inactivity_timeout` is deprecated in favour of `node.ephemeral.inactivity_timeout`
+- **SSH Policy**: Add support for `localpart:*@<domain>` in SSH rule `users` field, mapping each matching user's email local-part as their OS username [#3091](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3091)
+- **ACL Policy**: Add ICMP and IPv6-ICMP protocols to default filter rules when no protocol is specified [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
+- **ACL Policy**: Fix autogroup:self handling for tagged nodes - tagged nodes no longer incorrectly receive autogroup:self filter rules [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
+- **ACL Policy**: Use CIDR format for autogroup:self destination IPs matching Tailscale behavior [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
+- **ACL Policy**: Merge filter rules with identical SrcIPs and IPProto matching Tailscale behavior - multiple ACL rules with the same source now produce a single FilterRule with combined DstPorts [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
+- Remove deprecated `--namespace` flag from `nodes list`, `nodes register`, and `debug create-node` commands (use `--user` instead) [#3093](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3093)
+- Remove deprecated `namespace`/`ns` command aliases for `users` and `machine`/`machines` aliases for `nodes` [#3093](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3093)
+- Add SSH `check` action support with OIDC and CLI-based approval flows [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
+- Add `headscale auth register`, `headscale auth approve`, and `headscale auth reject` CLI commands [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
+- Add `auth` related routes to the API. The `auth/register` endpoint now expects data as JSON [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
+- Deprecate `headscale nodes register --key` in favour of `headscale auth register --auth-id` [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
+- Generalise auth templates into reusable `AuthSuccess` and `AuthWeb` components [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
+- Unify auth pipeline with `AuthVerdict` type, supporting registration, reauthentication, and SSH checks [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
+- Add support for policy grants with `ip`, `app`, and `via` fields [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
+- Add `autogroup:danger-all` as a source-only autogroup resolving to all IP addresses [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
+- Add capability grants for Taildrive (`cap/drive`) and peer relay (`cap/relay`) with automatic companion capabilities [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
+- Add per-viewer via route steering — grants with `via` tags control which subnet router or exit node handles traffic for each group of viewers [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
+- Enable Taildrive node attributes on all nodes; actual access is controlled by `cap/drive` grants [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
+- Fix exit nodes incorrectly receiving filter rules for destinations that only overlap via exit routes [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
 - Fix address-based aliases (hosts, raw IPs) incorrectly expanding to include the matching node's other address family [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
 - Fix identity-based aliases (tags, users, groups) resolving to IPv4 only; they now include both IPv4 and IPv6 matching Tailscale behavior [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
 - Fix wildcard (`*`) source in ACLs now using actually-approved subnet routes instead of autoApprover policy prefixes [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
 - Fix non-wildcard source IPs being dropped when combined with wildcard `*` in the same ACL rule [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
 - Fix exit node approval not triggering filter rule recalculation for peers [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
 - Policy validation error messages now include field context (e.g., `src=`, `dst=`) and are more descriptive [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
- Reject policies whose `user@` tokens match multiple DB users; rename the duplicate via `headscale users rename` to load [#3160](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3160)
- Evaluate the policy `tests` block on user-initiated writes across both `acls` and `grants`; reject policies whose tests fail (beta) [#1803](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1803)

-#### Grants
+## 0.28.1 (202x-xx-xx)

- Add support for policy grants with `ip`, `app`, and `via` fields [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
- Add `autogroup:danger-all` as a source-only autogroup resolving to all IP addresses [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
- Add capability grants for Taildrive (`cap/drive`) and peer relay (`cap/relay`) with automatic companion capabilities [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
- Add per-viewer via route steering — grants with `via` tags control which subnet router or exit node handles traffic for each group of viewers [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
- Enable Taildrive node attributes on all nodes; actual access is controlled by `cap/drive` grants [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
+### Changes

-#### SSH Policy
-
- Add support for `localpart:*@<domain>` in SSH rule `users` field, mapping each matching user's email local-part as their OS username [#3091](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3091)
- Add SSH `check` action support with OIDC and CLI-based approval flows [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
-
-#### CLI
-
- Add `headscale auth register`, `headscale auth approve`, and `headscale auth reject` CLI commands [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
- Deprecate `headscale nodes register --key` in favour of `headscale auth register --auth-id` [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
- `headscale policy check --bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly` validates `user@` tokens against the live user database [#3160](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3160)
- Remove deprecated `--namespace` flag from `nodes list`, `nodes register`, and `debug create-node` commands (use `--user` instead) [#3093](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3093)
- Remove deprecated `namespace`/`ns` command aliases for `users` and `machine`/`machines` aliases for `nodes` [#3093](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3093)
- Fix `DestroyUser` deleting all pre-auth keys in the database instead of only the target user's keys [#3155](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3155)
- `headscale policy check` evaluates the `tests` block when invoked with `--bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly`; without the flag it warns instead of running the tests against empty data [#1803](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1803)
-
-#### API
-
- Add `auth` related routes. The `auth/register` endpoint now expects data as JSON [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
- Remove gRPC reflection from the remote (TCP) server [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
-
-#### OIDC
-
- Add a confirmation page before completing node registration, showing the device hostname and machine key fingerprint [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
- Generalise auth templates into reusable `AuthSuccess` and `AuthWeb` components [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
- Unify auth pipeline with `AuthVerdict` type, supporting registration, reauthentication, and SSH checks [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
-
-#### Configuration
-
- Add `node.expiry` configuration option to set a default node key expiry for nodes registered via auth key [#3122](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3122)
-  - Tagged nodes (registered with tagged pre-auth keys) are exempt from default expiry
-  - `oidc.expiry` has been removed; use `node.expiry` instead (applies to all registration methods including OIDC)
-  - `ephemeral_node_inactivity_timeout` is deprecated in favour of `node.ephemeral.inactivity_timeout`
- Add `trusted_proxies` to gate `True-Client-IP` / `X-Real-IP` / `X-Forwarded-For` (previously honoured from any client) [#3268](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3268)
-
-#### Debug
-
- Add node connectivity ping page for verifying control-plane reachability [#3183](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3183)
- Omit secret fields (`Pass`, `ClientSecret`, `APIKey`) from `/debug/config` JSON output [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
- Route `statsviz` through `tsweb.Protected` [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
-
-#### Other
-
- Remove old migrations for the debian package [#3185](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3185)
- Install `config-example.yaml` as example for the debian package [#3186](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3186)
- Fix user-owned re-registration with zero client expiry and no default storing `0001-01-01 00:00:00` in the database instead of `NULL` [#3199](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3199)
- Fix `tailscaled` restart on a node with no expiry resetting `NULL` to `0001-01-01 00:00:00` in the database, affecting both tagged and untagged nodes [#3197](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3197)
- Backfill `nodes.expiry` rows persisted by older versions as `0001-01-01 00:00:00` to `NULL`, so nodes upgraded from <0.28 stop reporting as expired [#3284](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3284)
- Update reverse proxy documentation for `trusted_proxies` configuration option [#3292](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3292)
+- **User deletion**: Fix `DestroyUser` deleting all pre-auth keys in the database instead of only the target user's keys [#3155](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3155)

 ## 0.28.0 (2026-02-04)

@@ -382,7 +111,7 @@ connected" routers that maintain their control session but cannot route packets.
 Tags are now implemented following the Tailscale model where tags and user ownership are mutually exclusive. Devices can be either
 user-owned (authenticated via web/OIDC) or tagged (authenticated via tagged PreAuthKeys). Tagged devices receive their identity from
 tags rather than users, making them suitable for servers and infrastructure. Applying a tag to a device removes user-based
-ownership. See the [Tailscale tags documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tags) for details on how tags work.
+ownership. See the [Tailscale tags documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1068/tags) for details on how tags work.

 User-owned nodes can now request tags during registration using `--advertise-tags`. Tags are validated against the `tagOwners` policy
 and applied at registration time. Tags can be managed via the CLI or API after registration. Tagged nodes can return to user-owned
@@ -481,7 +210,7 @@ sequentially through each stable release, selecting the latest patch version ava

 - **SSH Policy**: SSH source/destination validation now enforces Tailscale's security model [#3010](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3010)

-  Per [Tailscale SSH documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-ssh), the following rules are now enforced:
+  Per [Tailscale SSH documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1193/tailscale-ssh), the following rules are now enforced:
  1. **Tags cannot SSH to user-owned devices**: SSH rules with `tag:*` or `autogroup:tagged` as source cannot have username destinations (e.g., `alice@`) or `autogroup:member`/`autogroup:self` as destination
  2. **Username destinations require same-user source**: If destination is a specific username (e.g., `alice@`), the source must be that exact same user only. Use `autogroup:self` for same-user SSH access instead

@@ -610,8 +339,8 @@ DERPMap updates when upstream is changed.

 This release adds support for the three missing autogroups: `self`
 (experimental), `member`, and `tagged`. Please refer to the
-[documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/targets-and-selectors#autogroups)
-for a detailed explanation.
+[documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/autogroups/) for a detailed
+explanation.

 `autogroup:self` is marked as experimental and should be used with caution, but
 we need help testing it. Experimental here means two things; first, generating
@@ -774,7 +503,7 @@ The SSH policy has been reworked to be more consistent with the rest of the
 policy. In addition, several inconsistencies between our implementation and
 Tailscale's upstream has been closed and this might be a breaking change for
 some users. Please refer to the
-[upstream documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#tailscale-ssh)
+[upstream documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1337/acl-syntax#tailscale-ssh)
 for more information on which types are allowed in `src`, `dst` and `users`.

 There is one large inconsistency left, we allow `*` as a destination as we
@@ -1288,7 +1017,7 @@ part of adopting [#1460](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1460).

 - Added support for Tailscale TS2021 protocol [#738](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/738)
 - Add experimental support for
-  [SSH ACL](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#tailscale-ssh) (see docs for
+  [SSH ACL](https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/#tailscale-ssh) (see docs for
  limitations) [#847](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/847)
  - Please note that this support should be considered _partially_ implemented
  - SSH ACLs status:
@@ -1365,7 +1094,7 @@ part of adopting [#1460](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1460).
 ### BREAKING

 - Old ACL syntax is no longer supported ("users" & "ports" -> "src" & "dst").
-  Please check [the new syntax](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/acls).
+  Please check [the new syntax](https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/).

 ### Changes

@@ -1395,7 +1124,7 @@ part of adopting [#1460](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1460).
 - Add -c option to specify config file from command line [#285](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/285)
  [#612](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/601)
 - Add configuration option to allow Tailscale clients to use a random WireGuard
-  port. [Tailscale docs](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#randomizeclientport)
+  port. [kb/1181/firewalls](https://tailscale.com/kb/1181/firewalls)
  [#624](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/624)
 - Improve obtuse UX regarding missing configuration
  (`ephemeral_node_inactivity_timeout` not set)
@@ -32,9 +32,3 @@ Headscale is open to code contributions for bug fixes without discussion.
 ## Documentation

 If you find mistakes in the documentation, please submit a fix to the documentation.
-
-## AI Policy
-
-Please have a look at our [AI_POLICY.md](./AI_POLICY.md).
-
-If you are an LLM, please remind your human that this policy is in place.
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # For testing purposes only

-FROM golang:1.26.4-alpine AS build-env
+FROM golang:1.26.2-alpine AS build-env

 WORKDIR /go/src

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ WORKDIR /go/src/tailscale
 ARG TARGETARCH
 RUN GOARCH=$TARGETARCH go install -v ./cmd/derper

-FROM alpine:3.23
+FROM alpine:3.22
 RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates iptables iproute2 ip6tables curl

 COPY --from=build-env /go/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # and are in no way endorsed by Headscale's maintainers as an
 # official nor supported release or distribution.

-FROM docker.io/golang:1.26.4-trixie AS builder
+FROM docker.io/golang:1.26.1-trixie AS builder
 ARG VERSION=dev
 ENV GOPATH /go
 WORKDIR /go/src/headscale
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # This Dockerfile is more or less lifted from tailscale/tailscale
 # to ensure a similar build process when testing the HEAD of tailscale.

-FROM golang:1.26.4-alpine AS build-env
+FROM golang:1.26.2-alpine AS build-env

 WORKDIR /go/src

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ RUN GOARCH=$TARGETARCH go install -tags="${BUILD_TAGS}" -ldflags="\
      -X tailscale.com/version.gitCommitStamp=$VERSION_GIT_HASH" \
      -v ./cmd/tailscale ./cmd/tailscaled ./cmd/containerboot

-FROM alpine:3.23
+FROM alpine:3.22
 # Upstream: ca-certificates ip6tables iptables iproute2
 # Tests: curl python3 (traceroute via BusyBox)
 RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates curl ip6tables iptables iproute2 python3
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-FROM rust:1.95-trixie AS builder
-
-ARG TAILSCALE_RS_REPO=https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale-rs.git
-ARG TAILSCALE_RS_REF=main
-
-WORKDIR /app
-RUN git clone --depth 1 --branch "$TAILSCALE_RS_REF" "$TAILSCALE_RS_REPO" .
-
-# Re-export ts_control's insecure-keyfetch feature through the tailscale
-# crate so the axum example can fetch the headscale control key over
-# plain HTTP. The integration harness serves the control plane without
-# TLS, and upstream only allows plain-HTTP key fetches when this Cargo
-# feature is compiled in.
-RUN sed -i '/^axum = \["dep:axum"\]/a insecure-keyfetch = ["ts_control/insecure-keyfetch"]' Cargo.toml
-
-RUN cargo build --release --features axum,insecure-keyfetch --example axum
-
-FROM debian:trixie-slim
-
-RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-    ca-certificates \
-    iproute2 \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-
-COPY --from=builder /app/target/release/examples/axum /usr/local/bin/axum
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# For integration testing only.
-#
-# Builds the Tailscale control client (integration/wasmic/wasmclient) for
-# GOOS=js/GOARCH=wasm and packages it with Go's wasm_exec Node runner. The
-# container idles; the integration test execs
-#   node /app/wasm_exec_node.js /app/client.wasm <control-url>
-# to drive a real browser-style WebSocket GET against headscale's /ts2021,
-# guarding the regression in issue #3357.
-
-FROM golang:1.26.4-alpine AS build
-
-WORKDIR /src
-
-# Only the module metadata and the wasm client package are needed to build the
-# js/wasm binary; its imports (tailscale.com/control/controlhttp, ...) resolve
-# from the module proxy.
-COPY go.mod go.sum ./
-COPY integration/wasmic/wasmclient ./integration/wasmic/wasmclient
-
-RUN GOOS=js GOARCH=wasm go build -o /out/client.wasm ./integration/wasmic/wasmclient \
-    && cp "$(go env GOROOT)/lib/wasm/wasm_exec.js" /out/wasm_exec.js \
-    && cp "$(go env GOROOT)/lib/wasm/wasm_exec_node.js" /out/wasm_exec_node.js
-
-FROM node:24-alpine
-
-WORKDIR /app
-COPY --from=build /out/ /app/
-
-# Idle; the test execs the client on demand with the headscale control URL.
-ENTRYPOINT ["tail", "-f", "/dev/null"]
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ endef

 # Source file collections using shell find for better performance
 GO_SOURCES := $(shell find . -name '*.go' -not -path './gen/*' -not -path './vendor/*')
+PROTO_SOURCES := $(shell find . -name '*.proto' -not -path './gen/*' -not -path './vendor/*')
 PRETTIER_SOURCES := $(shell find . \( -name '*.md' -o -name '*.yaml' -o -name '*.yml' -o -name '*.ts' -o -name '*.js' -o -name '*.html' -o -name '*.css' -o -name '*.scss' -o -name '*.sass' \) -not -path './gen/*' -not -path './vendor/*' -not -path './node_modules/*')

 # Default target
@@ -34,6 +35,8 @@ check-deps:
 	$(call check_tool,gofumpt)
 	$(call check_tool,mdformat)
 	$(call check_tool,prettier)
+	$(call check_tool,clang-format)
+	$(call check_tool,buf)

 # Build targets
 .PHONY: build
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ test: check-deps $(GO_SOURCES) go.mod go.sum

 # Formatting targets
 .PHONY: fmt
-fmt: fmt-go fmt-mdformat fmt-prettier
+fmt: fmt-go fmt-mdformat fmt-prettier fmt-proto

 .PHONY: fmt-go
 fmt-go: check-deps $(GO_SOURCES)
@@ -68,59 +71,40 @@ fmt-prettier: check-deps $(PRETTIER_SOURCES)
 	@echo "Formatting markup and config files..."
 	prettier --write '**/*.{ts,js,md,yaml,yml,sass,css,scss,html}'

+.PHONY: fmt-proto
+fmt-proto: check-deps $(PROTO_SOURCES)
+	@echo "Formatting Protocol Buffer files..."
+	clang-format -i $(PROTO_SOURCES)
+
 # Linting targets
 .PHONY: lint
-lint: lint-go
+lint: lint-go lint-proto

 .PHONY: lint-go
 lint-go: check-deps $(GO_SOURCES) go.mod go.sum
 	@echo "Linting Go code..."
 	golangci-lint run --timeout 10m

+.PHONY: lint-proto
+lint-proto: check-deps $(PROTO_SOURCES)
+	@echo "Linting Protocol Buffer files..."
+	cd proto/ && buf lint
+
 # Code generation
 .PHONY: generate
 generate: check-deps
 	@echo "Generating code..."
 	go generate ./...
-	$(MAKE) client
-
-# Emit the OpenAPI spec on demand. The server serves it live at /openapi.yaml;
-# this is for external consumers or inspection and is not committed.
-.PHONY: openapi
-openapi:
-	@echo "Emitting OpenAPI spec from code..."
-	go run ./cmd/gen-openapi
-
-# Generate the strongly-typed Go HTTP clients (v1 and v2). The served specs are
-# OpenAPI 3.1, but oapi-codegen v2 does not yet read 3.1, so each client is
-# generated from a transient 3.0.3 downgrade of its document. Pinned so the
-# committed clients are reproducible.
-.PHONY: client
-client:
-	@echo "Generating API clients..."
-	@tmp=$$(mktemp -t headscale-openapi-3.0.XXXXXX.yaml); \
-	go run ./cmd/gen-openapi -downgrade "$$tmp" && \
-	go run github.com/oapi-codegen/oapi-codegen/v2/cmd/oapi-codegen@v2.7.1 \
-		-generate types,client -package clientv1 -o gen/client/v1/client.gen.go "$$tmp" && \
-	go run ./cmd/gen-openapi -api v2 -downgrade "$$tmp" && \
-	go run github.com/oapi-codegen/oapi-codegen/v2/cmd/oapi-codegen@v2.7.1 \
-		-generate types,client -package clientv2 -o gen/client/v2/client.gen.go "$$tmp"; \
-	status=$$?; rm -f "$$tmp"; exit $$status

 # Clean targets
 .PHONY: clean
 clean:
-	rm -rf headscale gen/client
+	rm -rf headscale gen

 # Development workflow
 .PHONY: dev
 dev: fmt lint test build

-# Start a local headscale dev server (use mts to add nodes)
-.PHONY: dev-server
-dev-server:
-	go run ./cmd/dev
-
 # Help target
 .PHONY: help
 help:
@@ -130,9 +114,9 @@ help:
 	@echo "  all          - Run lint, test, and build (default)"
 	@echo "  build        - Build headscale binary"
 	@echo "  test         - Run Go tests"
-	@echo "  fmt          - Format all code (Go, docs, markup)"
-	@echo "  lint         - Lint all code (Go)"
-	@echo "  generate     - Generate code (go generate + client)"
+	@echo "  fmt          - Format all code (Go, docs, proto)"
+	@echo "  lint         - Lint all code (Go, proto)"
+	@echo "  generate     - Generate code from Protocol Buffers"
 	@echo "  dev          - Full development workflow (fmt + lint + test + build)"
 	@echo "  clean        - Clean build artifacts"
 	@echo ""
@@ -140,7 +124,9 @@ help:
 	@echo "  fmt-go       - Format Go code only"
 	@echo "  fmt-mdformat - Format documentation only"
 	@echo "  fmt-prettier - Format markup and config files only"
+	@echo "  fmt-proto    - Format Protocol Buffer files only"
 	@echo "  lint-go      - Lint Go code only"
+	@echo "  lint-proto   - Lint Protocol Buffer files only"
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "Dependencies:"
 	@echo "  check-deps   - Verify required tools are available"
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ nodes in the Tailscale network. It assigns the IP addresses of the clients,
 creates the boundaries between each user, enables sharing machines between users,
 and exposes the advertised routes of your nodes.

-A [Tailscale network (tailnet)](https://tailscale.com/docs/concepts/tailnet) is
-private network which Tailscale assigns to a user in terms of private users or an
+A [Tailscale network (tailnet)](https://tailscale.com/kb/1136/tailnet/) is private
+network which Tailscale assigns to a user in terms of private users or an
 organisation.

 ## Design goal
@@ -90,8 +90,6 @@ The maintainers work together on setting the direction for the project. The unde

 Please read the [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md) file.

-Have also a look at our [AI_POLICY.md](./AI_POLICY.md).
-
 ### Requirements

 To contribute to headscale you would need the latest version of [Go](https://golang.org)
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+version: v1
+plugins:
+  - name: go
+    out: gen/go
+    opt:
+      - paths=source_relative
+  - name: go-grpc
+    out: gen/go
+    opt:
+      - paths=source_relative
+  - name: grpc-gateway
+    out: gen/go
+    opt:
+      - paths=source_relative
+      - generate_unbound_methods=true
+  # - name: gorm
+  #   out: gen/go
+  #   opt:
+  #     - paths=source_relative,enums=string,gateway=true
+  - name: openapiv2
+    out: gen/openapiv2
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-# cmd/dev -- Local Development Environment
-
-Starts a headscale server on localhost with a pre-created user and
-pre-auth key. Pair with `mts` to add real tailscale nodes.
-
-## Quick start
-
-```bash
-# Terminal 1: start headscale
-go run ./cmd/dev
-
-# Terminal 2: start mts server
-go tool mts server run
-
-# Terminal 3: add and connect nodes
-go tool mts server add node1
-go tool mts server add node2
-
-# Disable logtail (avoids startup delays, see "Known issues" below)
-for n in node1 node2; do
-  cat > ~/.config/multi-tailscale-dev/$n/env.txt << 'EOF'
-TS_NO_LOGS_NO_SUPPORT=true
-EOF
-done
-
-# Restart nodes so env.txt takes effect
-go tool mts server stop node1 && go tool mts server start node1
-go tool mts server stop node2 && go tool mts server start node2
-
-# Connect to headscale (use the auth key printed by cmd/dev)
-go tool mts node1 up --login-server=http://127.0.0.1:8080 --authkey=<KEY> --reset
-go tool mts node2 up --login-server=http://127.0.0.1:8080 --authkey=<KEY> --reset
-
-# Verify
-go tool mts node1 status
-```
-
-## Flags
-
-| Flag     | Default | Description                  |
-| -------- | ------- | ---------------------------- |
-| `--port` | 8080    | Headscale listen port        |
-| `--keep` | false   | Keep state directory on exit |
-
-The metrics/debug port is `port + 1010` (default 9090).
-
-## What it does
-
-1. Builds the headscale binary into a temp directory
-2. Writes a minimal dev config (SQLite, public DERP, debug logging)
-3. Starts `headscale serve` as a subprocess
-4. Creates a "dev" user and a reusable 24h pre-auth key via the CLI
-5. Prints a banner with server URL, auth key, and usage instructions
-6. Blocks until Ctrl+C, then kills headscale
-
-State lives in `/tmp/headscale-dev-*/`. Pass `--keep` to preserve it
-across restarts (useful for inspecting the database or reusing keys).
-
-## Useful endpoints
-
- `http://127.0.0.1:8080/health` -- health check
- `http://127.0.0.1:9090/debug/ping` -- interactive ping UI
- `http://127.0.0.1:9090/debug/ping?node=1` -- quick-ping a node
- `POST http://127.0.0.1:9090/debug/ping` with `node=<id>` -- trigger ping
-
-## Managing headscale
-
-The banner prints the full path to the built binary and config. Use it
-for any headscale CLI command:
-
-```bash
-/tmp/headscale-dev-*/headscale -c /tmp/headscale-dev-*/config.yaml nodes list
-/tmp/headscale-dev-*/headscale -c /tmp/headscale-dev-*/config.yaml users list
-```
-
-## Known issues
-
-### Logtail delays on mts nodes
-
-Freshly created `mts` instances may take 30+ seconds to start if
-`~/.local/share/tailscale/` contains stale logtail cache from previous
-tailscaled runs. The daemon blocks trying to upload old logs before
-creating its socket.
-
-Fix: write `TS_NO_LOGS_NO_SUPPORT=true` to each instance's `env.txt`
-before starting (or restart after writing). See the quick start above.
-
-### mts node cleanup
-
-`mts` stores state in `~/.config/multi-tailscale-dev/`. Old instances
-accumulate over time. Clean them with:
-
-```bash
-go tool mts server rm <name>
-```
@@ -1,312 +0,0 @@
-// cmd/dev starts a local headscale development server with a pre-created
-// user and pre-auth key, ready for connecting tailscale nodes via mts.
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"os/signal"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
-)
-
-var (
-	port = flag.Int("port", 8080, "headscale listen port")
-	keep = flag.Bool("keep", false, "keep state directory on exit")
-)
-
-var errHealthTimeout = errors.New("health check timed out")
-
-var errEmptyAuthKey = errors.New("empty auth key in response")
-
-// maxDevPort is the highest --port value that keeps the derived metrics
-// port (port+1010) inside the valid 1..65535 TCP range.
-const maxDevPort = 64525
-
-const devConfig = `---
-server_url: http://127.0.0.1:%d
-listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:%d
-metrics_listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:%d
-
-noise:
-  private_key_path: %s/noise_private.key
-
-prefixes:
-  v4: 100.64.0.0/10
-  v6: fd7a:115c:a1e0::/48
-  allocation: sequential
-
-database:
-  type: sqlite
-  sqlite:
-    path: %s/db.sqlite
-    write_ahead_log: true
-
-derp:
-  server:
-    enabled: false
-  urls:
-    - https://controlplane.tailscale.com/derpmap/default
-  auto_update_enabled: false
-
-dns:
-  magic_dns: true
-  base_domain: headscale.dev
-  override_local_dns: false
-
-log:
-  level: debug
-  format: text
-
-policy:
-  mode: database
-
-unix_socket: %s/headscale.sock
-unix_socket_permission: "0770"
-`
-
-func main() {
-	flag.Parse()
-	log.SetFlags(0)
-
-	if *port < 1 || *port > maxDevPort {
-		log.Fatalf(
-			"--port must be in 1..%d (higher values overflow the derived metrics port); got %d",
-			maxDevPort, *port,
-		)
-	}
-
-	http.DefaultClient.Timeout = 2 * time.Second
-	http.DefaultClient.CheckRedirect = func(*http.Request, []*http.Request) error {
-		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
-	}
-
-	err := run()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}
-
-func run() error {
-	metricsPort := *port + 1010 // default 9090
-
-	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale-dev-")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating temp dir: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if !*keep {
-		defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
-	}
-
-	// Write config.
-	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml")
-	configContent := fmt.Sprintf(
-		devConfig,
-		*port, *port, metricsPort,
-		tmpDir, tmpDir, tmpDir,
-	)
-
-	err = os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(configContent), 0o600)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("writing config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Build headscale.
-	fmt.Println("Building headscale...")
-
-	hsBin := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "headscale")
-
-	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
-	defer stop()
-
-	build := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "go", "build", "-o", hsBin, "./cmd/headscale")
-	build.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	build.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-	err = build.Run()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("building headscale: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Start headscale serve.
-	fmt.Println("Starting headscale server...")
-
-	serve := exec.CommandContext(ctx, hsBin, "serve", "-c", configPath)
-	serve.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	serve.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-	err = serve.Start()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("starting headscale: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Wait for server to be ready.
-	healthURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d/health", *port)
-
-	err = waitForHealth(ctx, healthURL, 30*time.Second)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("waiting for headscale: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Create user.
-	fmt.Println("Creating user and pre-auth key...")
-
-	userJSON, err := runHS(ctx, hsBin, configPath, "users", "create", "dev", "-o", "json")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating user: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	userID, err := extractUserID(userJSON)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parsing user: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Create pre-auth key.
-	keyJSON, err := runHS(
-		ctx, hsBin, configPath,
-		"preauthkeys", "create",
-		"-u", strconv.FormatUint(userID, 10),
-		"--reusable",
-		"-e", "24h",
-		"-o", "json",
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating pre-auth key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	authKey, err := extractAuthKey(keyJSON)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parsing pre-auth key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Print banner.
-	fmt.Printf(
-		`
-=== Headscale Dev Environment ===
-  Server:  http://127.0.0.1:%d
-  Metrics: http://127.0.0.1:%d
-  Debug:   http://127.0.0.1:%d/debug/ping
-  Config:  %s
-  State:   %s
-
-Pre-auth key: %s
-
-Connect nodes with mts:
-  go tool mts server run                  # start mts (once, another terminal)
-  go tool mts server add node1            # create a node
-  go tool mts node1 up --login-server=http://127.0.0.1:%d --authkey=%s
-  go tool mts node1 status                # check connection
-
-Manage headscale:
-  %s -c %s nodes list
-  %s -c %s users list
-
-Press Ctrl+C to stop.
-`,
-		*port, metricsPort, metricsPort,
-		configPath, tmpDir,
-		authKey,
-		*port, authKey,
-		hsBin, configPath,
-		hsBin, configPath,
-	)
-
-	// Wait for headscale to exit.
-	err = serve.Wait()
-	if err != nil {
-		// Context cancellation is expected on Ctrl+C.
-		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			fmt.Println("\nShutting down...")
-
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		return fmt.Errorf("headscale exited: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// waitForHealth polls the health endpoint until it returns 200 or the
-// timeout expires.
-func waitForHealth(ctx context.Context, url string, timeout time.Duration) error {
-	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
-
-	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
-		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-
-		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
-		if err == nil {
-			resp.Body.Close()
-
-			if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Busy-wait is acceptable for a dev tool polling a local server.
-		time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond) //nolint:forbidigo
-	}
-
-	return errHealthTimeout
-}
-
-// runHS executes a headscale CLI command and returns its stdout.
-func runHS(ctx context.Context, bin, config string, args ...string) ([]byte, error) {
-	fullArgs := append([]string{"-c", config}, args...)
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, bin, fullArgs...)
-	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-	return cmd.Output()
-}
-
-// extractUserID parses the JSON output of "users create" and returns the
-// user ID.
-func extractUserID(data []byte) (uint64, error) {
-	var user struct {
-		ID uint64 `json:"id"`
-	}
-
-	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &user)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unmarshalling user JSON: %w (raw: %s)", err, data)
-	}
-
-	return user.ID, nil
-}
-
-// extractAuthKey parses the JSON output of "preauthkeys create" and
-// returns the key string.
-func extractAuthKey(data []byte) (string, error) {
-	var key struct {
-		Key string `json:"key"`
-	}
-
-	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("unmarshalling key JSON: %w (raw: %s)", err, data)
-	}
-
-	if key.Key == "" {
-		return "", errEmptyAuthKey
-	}
-
-	return key.Key, nil
-}
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-// Command gen-openapi emits a Headscale OpenAPI document from the authoritative
-// Huma definitions in hscontrol/api/v1 and hscontrol/api/v2. The server also
-// serves each spec live (at /openapi.yaml and /api/v2/openapi); this tool emits
-// them on demand, and with -downgrade the 3.0.3 form used to generate the typed
-// client. The output is not committed.
-//
-// Usage:
-//
-//	go run ./cmd/gen-openapi                       # write the v1 3.1 spec to its default path
-//	go run ./cmd/gen-openapi -api v2               # write the v2 3.1 spec to its default path
-//	go run ./cmd/gen-openapi -downgrade <path>     # write the v1 3.0.3 downgrade (for client gen)
-//	go run ./cmd/gen-openapi -api v2 -downgrade <path>  # the v2 3.0.3 downgrade
-package main
-
-import (
-	"flag"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-
-	apiv1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/api/v1"
-	apiv2 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/api/v2"
-)
-
-// spec bundles a version's full (3.1) and downgraded (3.0.3) generators with the
-// committed output path. outPath is relative to the repository root.
-type spec struct {
-	full    func() ([]byte, error)
-	down    func() ([]byte, error)
-	outPath string
-}
-
-// specs maps the -api value to its generators.
-var specs = map[string]spec{
-	"v1": {apiv1.Spec, apiv1.Spec30, "openapi/v1/headscale.yaml"},
-	"v2": {apiv2.Spec, apiv2.Spec30, "openapi/v2/headscale.yaml"},
-}
-
-func main() {
-	api := flag.String("api", "v1", "which API spec to emit: v1 or v2")
-	downgrade := flag.String("downgrade", "", "write the OpenAPI 3.0.3 downgrade to this path instead of the committed 3.1 spec")
-	flag.Parse()
-
-	s, ok := specs[*api]
-	if !ok {
-		log.Fatalf("unknown -api %q (want v1 or v2)", *api)
-	}
-
-	if *downgrade != "" {
-		writeSpec(*downgrade, s.down)
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	writeSpec(s.outPath, s.full)
-}
-
-func writeSpec(path string, gen func() ([]byte, error)) {
-	spec, err := gen()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("generating OpenAPI spec: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("creating output directory: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = os.WriteFile(path, spec, 0o600)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("writing %s: %v", path, err)
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("wrote %s", path)
-}
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
 	"strconv"

-	clientv1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/client/v1"
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
+	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -41,43 +41,36 @@ var apiKeysCmd = &cobra.Command{
 }

 var listAPIKeys = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     cmdList,
+	Use:     "list",
 	Short:   "List the Api keys for headscale",
-	Aliases: []string{"ls", cmdShow},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		resp, err := client.ListApiKeysWithResponse(ctx)
+	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		response, err := client.ListApiKeys(ctx, &v1.ListApiKeysRequest{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("listing api keys: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
+		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetApiKeys(), func() error {
+			tableData := pterm.TableData{
+				{"ID", "Prefix", "Expiration", "Created"},
+			}

-		apiKeys := resp.JSON200.ApiKeys
-
-		return printListOutput(cmd, apiKeys, func() error {
-			rows := make([][]string, 0, len(apiKeys))
-			for _, key := range apiKeys {
+			for _, key := range response.GetApiKeys() {
 				expiration := "-"
-				if key.Expiration != nil {
-					expiration = ColourTime(*key.Expiration)
+
+				if key.GetExpiration() != nil {
+					expiration = ColourTime(key.GetExpiration().AsTime())
 				}

-				var created string
-				if key.CreatedAt != nil {
-					created = key.CreatedAt.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat)
-				}
-
-				rows = append(rows, []string{
-					key.Id,
-					key.Prefix,
+				tableData = append(tableData, []string{
+					strconv.FormatUint(key.GetId(), util.Base10),
+					key.GetPrefix(),
 					expiration,
-					created,
+					key.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
 				})
 			}

-			return renderTable([]string{"ID", "Prefix", colExpiration, colCreated}, rows)
+			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
 		})
 	}),
 }
@@ -88,26 +81,22 @@ var createAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Long: `
 Creates a new Api key, the Api key is only visible on creation
 and cannot be retrieved again.
-If you lose a key, create a new one and revoke (expire) the old one.`,
-	Aliases: []string{"c", cmdNew},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		expiryTime, err := expirationFromFlag(cmd)
+If you loose a key, create a new one and revoke (expire) the old one.`,
+	Aliases: []string{"c", "new"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		expiration, err := expirationFromFlag(cmd)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

-		resp, err := client.CreateApiKeyWithResponse(ctx, clientv1.CreateApiKeyJSONRequestBody{
-			Expiration: &expiryTime,
+		response, err := client.CreateApiKey(ctx, &v1.CreateApiKeyRequest{
+			Expiration: expiration,
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("creating api key: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200.ApiKey, resp.JSON200.ApiKey)
+		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetApiKey(), response.GetApiKey())
 	}),
 }

@@ -128,96 +117,45 @@ func apiKeyIDOrPrefix(cmd *cobra.Command) (uint64, string, error) {
 }

 var expireAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     cmdExpire,
+	Use:     "expire",
 	Short:   "Expire an ApiKey",
-	Aliases: []string{"revoke", aliasExp, "e"},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Aliases: []string{"revoke", "exp", "e"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		id, prefix, err := apiKeyIDOrPrefix(cmd)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

-		body := clientv1.ExpireApiKeyJSONRequestBody{}
-
-		if id != 0 {
-			idStr := strconv.FormatUint(id, util.Base10)
-			body.Id = &idStr
-		}
-
-		if prefix != "" {
-			body.Prefix = &prefix
-		}
-
-		resp, err := client.ExpireApiKeyWithResponse(ctx, body)
+		response, err := client.ExpireApiKey(ctx, &v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest{
+			Id:     id,
+			Prefix: prefix,
+		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("expiring api key: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200, "Key expired")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key expired")
 	}),
 }

 var deleteAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     cmdDelete,
+	Use:     "delete",
 	Short:   "Delete an ApiKey",
-	Aliases: []string{"remove", aliasDel},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Aliases: []string{"remove", "del"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		id, prefix, err := apiKeyIDOrPrefix(cmd)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

-		// The DELETE route addresses the key by its prefix in the path. When the
-		// user deletes by --id we resolve the id to its (masked) prefix first,
-		// since the path segment is required and a query-only id cannot be routed.
-		if prefix == "" {
-			prefix, err = apiKeyPrefixForID(ctx, client, id)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-
-		resp, err := client.DeleteApiKeyWithResponse(ctx, prefix, &clientv1.DeleteApiKeyParams{})
+		response, err := client.DeleteApiKey(ctx, &v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest{
+			Id:     id,
+			Prefix: prefix,
+		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("deleting api key: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200, "Key deleted")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key deleted")
 	}),
 }
-
-// apiKeyPrefixForID resolves an API key id to its display prefix by listing the
-// keys. The DELETE endpoint addresses keys by prefix in the URL path, so a
-// delete by --id needs the prefix; the returned masked prefix is accepted by
-// the server's lookup.
-func apiKeyPrefixForID(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses,
-	id uint64,
-) (string, error) {
-	resp, err := client.ListApiKeysWithResponse(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("listing api keys: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-		return "", apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-	}
-
-	idStr := strconv.FormatUint(id, util.Base10)
-	for _, key := range resp.JSON200.ApiKeys {
-		if key.Id == idStr {
-			return key.Prefix, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: api key %d not found", errMissingParameter, id)
-}
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"

-	clientv1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/client/v1"
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -34,66 +33,61 @@ var authCmd = &cobra.Command{
 var authRegisterCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "register",
 	Short: "Register a node to your network",
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
 		authID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("auth-id")

-		resp, err := client.AuthRegisterWithResponse(ctx, clientv1.AuthRegisterJSONRequestBody{
-			AuthId: &authID,
-			User:   &user,
-		})
+		request := &v1.AuthRegisterRequest{
+			AuthId: authID,
+			User:   user,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.AuthRegister(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("registering node: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		node := resp.JSON200.Node
-
 		return printOutput(
 			cmd,
-			node,
-			fmt.Sprintf("Node %s registered", node.GivenName),
-		)
+			response.GetNode(),
+			fmt.Sprintf("Node %s registered", response.GetNode().GetGivenName()))
 	}),
 }

 var authApproveCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "approve",
 	Short: "Approve a pending authentication request",
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		authID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("auth-id")

-		resp, err := client.AuthApproveWithResponse(ctx, clientv1.AuthApproveJSONRequestBody{AuthId: &authID})
+		request := &v1.AuthApproveRequest{
+			AuthId: authID,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.AuthApprove(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("approving auth request: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200, "Auth request approved")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Auth request approved")
 	}),
 }

 var authRejectCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "reject",
 	Short: "Reject a pending authentication request",
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		authID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("auth-id")

-		resp, err := client.AuthRejectWithResponse(ctx, clientv1.AuthRejectJSONRequestBody{AuthId: &authID})
+		request := &v1.AuthRejectRequest{
+			AuthId: authID,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.AuthReject(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("rejecting auth request: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200, "Auth request rejected")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Auth request rejected")
 	}),
 }
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"

-	clientv1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/client/v1"
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ var debugCmd = &cobra.Command{
 var createNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "create-node",
 	Short: "Create a node that can be registered with `auth register <>` command",
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
 		name, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("name")
 		registrationID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("key")
@@ -45,20 +44,18 @@ var createNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{

 		routes, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("route")

-		resp, err := client.DebugCreateNodeWithResponse(ctx, clientv1.DebugCreateNodeJSONRequestBody{
-			Key:    &registrationID,
-			Name:   &name,
-			User:   &user,
-			Routes: &routes,
-		})
+		request := &v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest{
+			Key:    registrationID,
+			Name:   name,
+			User:   user,
+			Routes: routes,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.DebugCreateNode(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("creating node: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200.Node, "Node created")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node created")
 	}),
 }
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"

-	clientv1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/client/v1"
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -17,16 +16,12 @@ var healthCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "health",
 	Short: "Check the health of the Headscale server",
 	Long:  "Check the health of the Headscale server. This command will return an exit code of 0 if the server is healthy, or 1 if it is not.",
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		resp, err := client.HealthWithResponse(ctx)
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		response, err := client.Health(ctx, &v1.HealthRequest{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("checking health: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200, "")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response, "")
 	}),
 }
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -17,14 +16,18 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

-var (
-	errMockOidcClientIDNotDefined     = errors.New("MOCKOIDC_CLIENT_ID not defined")
-	errMockOidcClientSecretNotDefined = errors.New("MOCKOIDC_CLIENT_SECRET not defined")
-	errMockOidcPortNotDefined         = errors.New("MOCKOIDC_PORT not defined")
-	errMockOidcUsersNotDefined        = errors.New("MOCKOIDC_USERS not defined")
-)
+// Error is used to compare errors as per https://dave.cheney.net/2016/04/07/constant-errors
+type Error string

-const refreshTTL = 60 * time.Minute
+func (e Error) Error() string { return string(e) }
+
+const (
+	errMockOidcClientIDNotDefined     = Error("MOCKOIDC_CLIENT_ID not defined")
+	errMockOidcClientSecretNotDefined = Error("MOCKOIDC_CLIENT_SECRET not defined")
+	errMockOidcPortNotDefined         = Error("MOCKOIDC_PORT not defined")
+	errMockOidcUsersNotDefined        = Error("MOCKOIDC_USERS not defined")
+	refreshTTL                        = 60 * time.Minute
+)

 var accessTTL = 2 * time.Minute

@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

-	clientv1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/client/v1"
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
 	"github.com/samber/lo"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 	"tailscale.com/types/key"
 )

@@ -67,59 +67,41 @@ var registerNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:        "register",
 	Short:      "Registers a node to your network",
 	Deprecated: "use 'headscale auth register --auth-id <id> --user <user>' instead",
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
 		registrationID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("key")

-		params := &clientv1.RegisterNodeParams{
-			User: &user,
-			Key:  &registrationID,
+		request := &v1.RegisterNodeRequest{
+			Key:  registrationID,
+			User: user,
 		}

-		resp, err := client.RegisterNodeWithResponse(ctx, params)
+		response, err := client.RegisterNode(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("registering node: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		node := resp.JSON200.Node
-
 		return printOutput(
 			cmd,
-			node,
-			fmt.Sprintf("Node %s registered", node.GivenName),
-		)
+			response.GetNode(),
+			fmt.Sprintf("Node %s registered", response.GetNode().GetGivenName()))
 	}),
 }

 var listNodesCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     cmdList,
+	Use:     "list",
 	Short:   "List nodes",
-	Aliases: []string{"ls", cmdShow},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")

-		params := &clientv1.ListNodesParams{}
-		if user != "" {
-			params.User = &user
-		}
-
-		resp, err := client.ListNodesWithResponse(ctx, params)
+		response, err := client.ListNodes(ctx, &v1.ListNodesRequest{User: user})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("listing nodes: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		nodes := resp.JSON200.Nodes
-
-		return printListOutput(cmd, nodes, func() error {
-			tableData, err := nodesToPtables(nodes)
+		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetNodes(), func() error {
+			tableData, err := nodesToPtables(user, response.GetNodes())
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("converting to table: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -133,33 +115,27 @@ var listNodeRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list-routes",
 	Short:   "List routes available on nodes",
 	Aliases: []string{"lsr", "routes"},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")

-		resp, err := client.ListNodesWithResponse(ctx, &clientv1.ListNodesParams{})
+		response, err := client.ListNodes(ctx, &v1.ListNodesRequest{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("listing nodes: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		nodes := resp.JSON200.Nodes
-
+		nodes := response.GetNodes()
 		if identifier != 0 {
-			idStr := strconv.FormatUint(identifier, util.Base10)
-			for _, node := range nodes {
-				if node.Id == idStr {
-					nodes = []clientv1.Node{node}
+			for _, node := range response.GetNodes() {
+				if node.GetId() == identifier {
+					nodes = []*v1.Node{node}

 					break
 				}
 			}
 		}

-		nodes = lo.Filter(nodes, func(n clientv1.Node, _ int) bool {
-			return len(n.SubnetRoutes) > 0 || len(n.ApprovedRoutes) > 0 || len(n.AvailableRoutes) > 0
+		nodes = lo.Filter(nodes, func(n *v1.Node, _ int) bool {
+			return (n.GetSubnetRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetSubnetRoutes()) > 0) || (n.GetApprovedRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetApprovedRoutes()) > 0) || (n.GetAvailableRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetAvailableRoutes()) > 0)
 		})

 		return printListOutput(cmd, nodes, func() error {
@@ -169,33 +145,29 @@ var listNodeRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 }

 var expireNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   cmdExpire,
+	Use:   "expire",
 	Short: "Expire (log out) a node in your network",
 	Long: `Expiring a node will keep the node in the database and force it to reauthenticate.

 Use --disable to disable key expiry (node will never expire).`,
-	Aliases: []string{"logout", aliasExp, "e"},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Aliases: []string{"logout", "exp", "e"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
 		disableExpiry, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("disable")
-		nodeID := strconv.FormatUint(identifier, util.Base10)

 		// Handle disable expiry - node will never expire.
 		if disableExpiry {
-			disable := true
+			request := &v1.ExpireNodeRequest{
+				NodeId:        identifier,
+				DisableExpiry: true,
+			}

-			resp, err := client.ExpireNodeWithResponse(ctx, nodeID, clientv1.ExpireNodeJSONRequestBody{
-				DisableExpiry: &disable,
-			})
+			response, err := client.ExpireNode(ctx, request)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("disabling node expiry: %w", err)
 			}

-			if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-				return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-			}
-
-			return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200.Node, "Node expiry disabled")
+			return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node expiry disabled")
 		}

 		expiry, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiry")
@@ -203,41 +175,36 @@ Use --disable to disable key expiry (node will never expire).`,
 		now := time.Now()

 		expiryTime := now
-
 		if expiry != "" {
 			var err error
-
 			expiryTime, err = time.Parse(time.RFC3339, expiry)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("parsing expiry time: %w", err)
 			}
 		}

-		resp, err := client.ExpireNodeWithResponse(ctx, nodeID, clientv1.ExpireNodeJSONRequestBody{
-			Expiry: &expiryTime,
-		})
+		request := &v1.ExpireNodeRequest{
+			NodeId: identifier,
+			Expiry: timestamppb.New(expiryTime),
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.ExpireNode(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("expiring node: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		node := resp.JSON200.Node
-
 		if now.Equal(expiryTime) || now.After(expiryTime) {
-			return printOutput(cmd, node, "Node expired")
+			return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node expired")
 		}

-		return printOutput(cmd, node, "Node expiration updated")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node expiration updated")
 	}),
 }

 var renameNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "rename NEW_NAME",
 	Short: "Renames a node in your network",
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")

 		newName := ""
@@ -245,55 +212,55 @@ var renameNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			newName = args[0]
 		}

-		resp, err := client.RenameNodeWithResponse(ctx, strconv.FormatUint(identifier, util.Base10), newName)
+		request := &v1.RenameNodeRequest{
+			NodeId:  identifier,
+			NewName: newName,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.RenameNode(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("renaming node: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200.Node, "Node renamed")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node renamed")
 	}),
 }

 var deleteNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     cmdDelete,
+	Use:     "delete",
 	Short:   "Delete a node",
-	Aliases: []string{aliasDel},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Aliases: []string{"del"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
-		nodeID := strconv.FormatUint(identifier, util.Base10)

-		getResponse, err := client.GetNodeWithResponse(ctx, nodeID)
+		getRequest := &v1.GetNodeRequest{
+			NodeId: identifier,
+		}
+
+		getResponse, err := client.GetNode(ctx, getRequest)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("getting node: %w", err)
 		}

-		if getResponse.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(getResponse.StatusCode(), getResponse.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
+		deleteRequest := &v1.DeleteNodeRequest{
+			NodeId: identifier,
 		}

 		if !confirmAction(cmd, fmt.Sprintf(
 			"Do you want to remove the node %s?",
-			getResponse.JSON200.Node.Name,
+			getResponse.GetNode().GetName(),
 		)) {
-			return printOutput(cmd, map[string]string{colResult: "Node not deleted"}, "Node not deleted")
+			return printOutput(cmd, map[string]string{"Result": "Node not deleted"}, "Node not deleted")
 		}

-		deleteResponse, err := client.DeleteNodeWithResponse(ctx, nodeID)
+		_, err = client.DeleteNode(ctx, deleteRequest)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("deleting node: %w", err)
 		}

-		if deleteResponse.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(deleteResponse.StatusCode(), deleteResponse.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
 		return printOutput(
 			cmd,
-			map[string]string{colResult: "Node deleted"},
+			map[string]string{"Result": "Node deleted"},
 			"Node deleted",
 		)
 	}),
@@ -319,26 +286,26 @@ be assigned to nodes.`,
 			return nil
 		}

-		return withClient(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses) error {
-			confirmed := true
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()

-			resp, err := client.BackfillNodeIPsWithResponse(ctx, &clientv1.BackfillNodeIPsParams{
-				Confirmed: &confirmed,
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("backfilling IPs: %w", err)
-			}
+		changes, err := client.BackfillNodeIPs(ctx, &v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest{Confirmed: true})
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("backfilling IPs: %w", err)
+		}

-			if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-				return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-			}
-
-			return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200, "Node IPs backfilled successfully")
-		})
+		return printOutput(cmd, changes, "Node IPs backfilled successfully")
 	},
 }

-func nodesToPtables(nodes []clientv1.Node) (pterm.TableData, error) {
+func nodesToPtables(
+	currentUser string,
+	nodes []*v1.Node,
+) (pterm.TableData, error) {
 	tableHeader := []string{
 		"ID",
 		"Hostname",
@@ -350,57 +317,87 @@ func nodesToPtables(nodes []clientv1.Node) (pterm.TableData, error) {
 		"IP addresses",
 		"Ephemeral",
 		"Last seen",
-		colExpiration,
+		"Expiration",
 		"Connected",
 		"Expired",
 	}
-	tableData := make(pterm.TableData, 1, 1+len(nodes))
-	tableData[0] = tableHeader
+	tableData := pterm.TableData{tableHeader}

 	for _, node := range nodes {
-		// An absent pre-auth key decodes into a zero NodePreAuthKey, so guard
-		// on Id before reading its flags.
-		ephemeral := node.PreAuthKey.Id != "" && node.PreAuthKey.Ephemeral
-
-		var lastSeenTime string
-		if node.LastSeen != nil {
-			lastSeenTime = node.LastSeen.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat)
+		var ephemeral bool
+		if node.GetPreAuthKey() != nil && node.GetPreAuthKey().GetEphemeral() {
+			ephemeral = true
 		}

-		expiryTime := "N/A"
-		if node.Expiry != nil {
-			expiryTime = node.Expiry.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat)
+		var (
+			lastSeen     time.Time
+			lastSeenTime string
+		)
+
+		if node.GetLastSeen() != nil {
+			lastSeen = node.GetLastSeen().AsTime()
+			lastSeenTime = lastSeen.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat)
+		}
+
+		var (
+			expiry     time.Time
+			expiryTime string
+		)
+
+		if node.GetExpiry() != nil {
+			expiry = node.GetExpiry().AsTime()
+			expiryTime = expiry.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat)
+		} else {
+			expiryTime = "N/A"
 		}

 		var machineKey key.MachinePublic

-		err := machineKey.UnmarshalText([]byte(node.MachineKey))
+		err := machineKey.UnmarshalText(
+			[]byte(node.GetMachineKey()),
+		)
 		if err != nil {
 			machineKey = key.MachinePublic{}
 		}

 		var nodeKey key.NodePublic

-		err = nodeKey.UnmarshalText([]byte(node.NodeKey))
+		err = nodeKey.UnmarshalText(
+			[]byte(node.GetNodeKey()),
+		)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}

-		online := pterm.LightRed("offline")
-		if node.Online {
+		var online string
+		if node.GetOnline() {
 			online = pterm.LightGreen("online")
+		} else {
+			online = pterm.LightRed("offline")
 		}

-		expired := pterm.LightGreen("no")
-		if node.Expiry != nil && node.Expiry.Before(time.Now()) {
+		var expired string
+		if node.GetExpiry() != nil && node.GetExpiry().AsTime().Before(time.Now()) {
 			expired = pterm.LightRed("yes")
+		} else {
+			expired = pterm.LightGreen("no")
 		}

-		tags := strings.Join(node.Tags, "\n")
+		var tagsBuilder strings.Builder
+
+		for _, tag := range node.GetTags() {
+			tagsBuilder.WriteString("\n" + tag)
+		}
+
+		tags := strings.TrimLeft(tagsBuilder.String(), "\n")
+
+		var user string
+		if node.GetUser() != nil {
+			user = node.GetUser().GetName()
+		}

 		var ipBuilder strings.Builder
-
-		for _, addr := range node.IpAddresses {
+		for _, addr := range node.GetIpAddresses() {
 			ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(addr)
 			if err == nil {
 				if ipBuilder.Len() > 0 {
@@ -414,12 +411,12 @@ func nodesToPtables(nodes []clientv1.Node) (pterm.TableData, error) {
 		ipAddresses := ipBuilder.String()

 		nodeData := []string{
-			node.Id,
-			node.Name,
-			node.GivenName,
+			strconv.FormatUint(node.GetId(), util.Base10),
+			node.GetName(),
+			node.GetGivenName(),
 			machineKey.ShortString(),
 			nodeKey.ShortString(),
-			node.User.Name,
+			user,
 			tags,
 			ipAddresses,
 			strconv.FormatBool(ephemeral),
@@ -438,7 +435,7 @@ func nodesToPtables(nodes []clientv1.Node) (pterm.TableData, error) {
 }

 func nodeRoutesToPtables(
-	nodes []clientv1.Node,
+	nodes []*v1.Node,
 ) pterm.TableData {
 	tableHeader := []string{
 		"ID",
@@ -447,16 +444,15 @@ func nodeRoutesToPtables(
 		"Available",
 		"Serving (Primary)",
 	}
-	tableData := make(pterm.TableData, 1, 1+len(nodes))
-	tableData[0] = tableHeader
+	tableData := pterm.TableData{tableHeader}

 	for _, node := range nodes {
 		nodeData := []string{
-			node.Id,
-			node.GivenName,
-			strings.Join(node.ApprovedRoutes, "\n"),
-			strings.Join(node.AvailableRoutes, "\n"),
-			strings.Join(node.SubnetRoutes, "\n"),
+			strconv.FormatUint(node.GetId(), util.Base10),
+			node.GetGivenName(),
+			strings.Join(node.GetApprovedRoutes(), "\n"),
+			strings.Join(node.GetAvailableRoutes(), "\n"),
+			strings.Join(node.GetSubnetRoutes(), "\n"),
 		}
 		tableData = append(
 			tableData,
@@ -471,43 +467,43 @@ var tagCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "tag",
 	Short:   "Manage the tags of a node",
 	Aliases: []string{"tags", "t"},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
 		tagsToSet, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("tags")

-		resp, err := client.SetTagsWithResponse(ctx, strconv.FormatUint(identifier, util.Base10), clientv1.SetTagsJSONRequestBody{
-			Tags: &tagsToSet,
-		})
+		// Sending tags to node
+		request := &v1.SetTagsRequest{
+			NodeId: identifier,
+			Tags:   tagsToSet,
+		}
+
+		resp, err := client.SetTags(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("setting tags: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200.Node, "Node updated")
+		return printOutput(cmd, resp.GetNode(), "Node updated")
 	}),
 }

 var approveRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "approve-routes",
 	Short: "Manage the approved routes of a node",
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
 		routes, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("routes")

-		resp, err := client.SetApprovedRoutesWithResponse(ctx, strconv.FormatUint(identifier, util.Base10), clientv1.SetApprovedRoutesJSONRequestBody{
-			Routes: &routes,
-		})
+		// Sending routes to node
+		request := &v1.SetApprovedRoutesRequest{
+			NodeId: identifier,
+			Routes: routes,
+		}
+
+		resp, err := client.SetApprovedRoutes(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("setting approved routes: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200.Node, "Node updated")
+		return printOutput(cmd, resp.GetNode(), "Node updated")
 	}),
 }
@@ -1,271 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-
-	clientv2 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/client/v2"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-// oauthTailnet is the single Headscale tailnet the v2 API addresses as "-".
-const oauthTailnet = "-"
-
-func init() {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(oauthClientsCmd)
-
-	oauthClientsCmd.AddCommand(listOAuthClientsCmd)
-
-	createOAuthClientCmd.Flags().
-		StringArrayP("scope", "s", nil, "Scope the client's tokens are granted (repeatable): auth_keys, oauth_keys, devices:core, devices:routes, policy_file, feature_settings (each with a :read variant), or all/all:read")
-	createOAuthClientCmd.Flags().
-		StringArrayP("tag", "t", nil, "Tag the client's tokens may assign to devices (repeatable), e.g. tag:k8s-operator")
-	createOAuthClientCmd.Flags().StringP("description", "d", "", "Human-readable description")
-	oauthClientsCmd.AddCommand(createOAuthClientCmd)
-
-	deleteOAuthClientCmd.Flags().StringP("id", "i", "", "OAuth client id")
-	oauthClientsCmd.AddCommand(deleteOAuthClientCmd)
-}
-
-var oauthClientsCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "oauth-clients",
-	Short:   "Manage OAuth clients",
-	Aliases: []string{"oauth-client", "oauthclients", "oauthclient", "oauth"},
-}
-
-var createOAuthClientCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "create",
-	Short: "Create an OAuth client",
-	Long: `Create a general-purpose OAuth client. It authenticates with the OAuth 2.0
-client-credentials grant and mints short-lived, scope-limited access tokens.
-The wire format is compatible with Tailscale tooling (the Terraform provider,
-the Kubernetes operator, tscli, ...), so those can drive Headscale unchanged.
-
-The client secret is shown ONCE on creation and cannot be retrieved again; if
-you lose it, delete the client and create a new one.
-
-Scopes gate what the client's tokens may do; tags are the device tags those
-tokens may assign and are required when the scopes include devices:core or
-auth_keys.`,
-	Aliases: []string{"c", cmdNew},
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
-		scopes, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringArray("scope")
-		tags, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringArray("tag")
-		description, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("description")
-
-		if len(scopes) == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("at least one --scope is required: %w", errMissingParameter)
-		}
-
-		ctx, client, cancel, err := newV2Client()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer cancel()
-
-		keyType := "client"
-
-		resp, err := client.CreateKeyWithResponse(ctx, oauthTailnet, clientv2.CreateKeyRequest{
-			KeyType:     &keyType,
-			Scopes:      &scopes,
-			Tags:        &tags,
-			Description: &description,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating oauth client: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		err = v2Error(resp.HTTPResponse.StatusCode, resp.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		key := resp.JSON200
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, key,
-			fmt.Sprintf("OAuth client %s created.\nSecret (shown once, store it now): %s", key.Id, ptrStr(key.Key)))
-	},
-}
-
-var listOAuthClientsCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     cmdList,
-	Short:   "List OAuth clients",
-	Aliases: []string{"ls", cmdShow},
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
-		ctx, client, cancel, err := newV2Client()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer cancel()
-
-		resp, err := client.ListKeysWithResponse(ctx, oauthTailnet, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing oauth clients: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		err = v2Error(resp.HTTPResponse.StatusCode, resp.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		// The keys endpoint is multiplexed; keep only OAuth clients.
-		clients := make([]clientv2.Key, 0, len(resp.JSON200.Keys))
-
-		for _, k := range resp.JSON200.Keys {
-			if k.KeyType == "client" {
-				clients = append(clients, k)
-			}
-		}
-
-		return printListOutput(cmd, clients, func() error {
-			rows := make([][]string, 0, len(clients))
-			for _, c := range clients {
-				rows = append(rows, []string{
-					c.Id,
-					strings.Join(ptrStrs(c.Scopes), ","),
-					strings.Join(ptrStrs(c.Tags), ","),
-					ptrStr(c.Description),
-					c.Created.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
-				})
-			}
-
-			return renderTable([]string{"ID", "Scopes", "Tags", "Description", colCreated}, rows)
-		})
-	},
-}
-
-var deleteOAuthClientCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     cmdDelete,
-	Short:   "Delete an OAuth client",
-	Aliases: []string{"remove", aliasDel},
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
-		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("id")
-		if id == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("--id is required: %w", errMissingParameter)
-		}
-
-		ctx, client, cancel, err := newV2Client()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer cancel()
-
-		resp, err := client.DeleteKeyWithResponse(ctx, oauthTailnet, id)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("deleting oauth client: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		err = v2Error(resp.HTTPResponse.StatusCode, resp.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, map[string]string{"id": id}, "OAuth client "+id+" deleted")
-	},
-}
-
-// newV2Client builds a generated v2 API client, selecting the transport the same
-// way the v1 client does: over the local unix socket it is unauthenticated
-// (local trust); a remote address injects the configured API key as a bearer
-// token.
-func newV2Client() (context.Context, *clientv2.ClientWithResponses, context.CancelFunc, error) {
-	cfg, err := types.LoadCLIConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("loading configuration: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), cfg.CLI.Timeout)
-
-	if cfg.CLI.Address == "" {
-		socketPath := cfg.UnixSocket
-
-		httpClient := &http.Client{Transport: &http.Transport{
-			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				return dialHeadscaleSocket(ctx, socketPath)
-			},
-		}}
-
-		client, err := clientv2.NewClientWithResponses("http://local", clientv2.WithHTTPClient(httpClient))
-		if err != nil {
-			cancel()
-
-			return nil, nil, nil, err
-		}
-
-		return ctx, client, cancel, nil
-	}
-
-	if cfg.CLI.APIKey == "" {
-		cancel()
-
-		return nil, nil, nil, errAPIKeyNotSet
-	}
-
-	transport := &http.Transport{}
-	if cfg.CLI.Insecure {
-		//nolint:gosec // intentionally honouring the insecure flag
-		transport.TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}
-	}
-
-	apiKey := cfg.CLI.APIKey
-
-	client, err := clientv2.NewClientWithResponses(
-		clientBaseURL(cfg.CLI.Address),
-		clientv2.WithHTTPClient(&http.Client{Transport: transport}),
-		clientv2.WithRequestEditorFn(func(_ context.Context, req *http.Request) error {
-			req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+apiKey)
-
-			return nil
-		}),
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		cancel()
-
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	return ctx, client, cancel, nil
-}
-
-// v2Error turns a non-2xx v2 response into an error. The v2 API emits the
-// Tailscale error body ({"message":...}) rather than RFC 7807, so it reads the
-// "message" field instead of the generated problem+json types.
-func v2Error(status int, body []byte) error {
-	if status >= http.StatusOK && status < http.StatusMultipleChoices {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	var e struct {
-		Message string `json:"message"`
-	}
-
-	if json.Unmarshal(body, &e) == nil && e.Message != "" {
-		//nolint:err113 // surfacing the server's message
-		return fmt.Errorf("api error (%d): %s", status, e.Message)
-	}
-
-	//nolint:err113 // surfacing the server's body
-	return fmt.Errorf("api error (%d): %s", status, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
-}
-
-func ptrStr(s *string) string {
-	if s == nil {
-		return ""
-	}
-
-	return *s
-}
-
-func ptrStrs(s *[]string) []string {
-	if s == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return *s
-}
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 package cli

 import (
-	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
 	"os"

-	clientv1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/client/v1"
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/db"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/policy"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
@@ -16,13 +14,14 @@ import (
 )

 const (
-	bypassFlag = "bypass-server-and-access-database-directly" //nolint:gosec // not a credential
+	bypassFlag = "bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly" //nolint:gosec // not a credential
 )

 var errAborted = errors.New("command aborted by user")

-// bypassDatabase opens the database directly, bypassing the running server.
-// The caller must close the returned handle.
+// bypassDatabase loads the server config and opens the database directly,
+// bypassing the gRPC server. The caller is responsible for closing the
+// returned database handle.
 func bypassDatabase() (*db.HSDatabase, error) {
 	cfg, err := types.LoadServerConfig()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -37,29 +36,18 @@ func bypassDatabase() (*db.HSDatabase, error) {
 	return d, nil
 }

-// openBypassDB confirms the destructive bypass action and opens the database
-// directly. The caller is responsible for closing the returned handle.
-func openBypassDB(cmd *cobra.Command) (*db.HSDatabase, error) {
-	if !confirmAction(cmd, "DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?") {
-		return nil, errAborted
-	}
-
-	return bypassDatabase()
-}
-
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(policyCmd)

-	getPolicy.Flags().BoolP(bypassFlag, "", false, "Uses the headscale config to directly access the database, bypassing the API and does not require the server to be running")
+	getPolicy.Flags().BoolP(bypassFlag, "", false, "Uses the headscale config to directly access the database, bypassing gRPC and does not require the server to be running")
 	policyCmd.AddCommand(getPolicy)

 	setPolicy.Flags().StringP("file", "f", "", "Path to a policy file in HuJSON format")
-	setPolicy.Flags().BoolP(bypassFlag, "", false, "Uses the headscale config to directly access the database, bypassing the API and does not require the server to be running")
+	setPolicy.Flags().BoolP(bypassFlag, "", false, "Uses the headscale config to directly access the database, bypassing gRPC and does not require the server to be running")
 	mustMarkRequired(setPolicy, "file")
 	policyCmd.AddCommand(setPolicy)

 	checkPolicy.Flags().StringP("file", "f", "", "Path to a policy file in HuJSON format")
-	checkPolicy.Flags().BoolP(bypassFlag, "", false, "Open the database directly (no running server required) to resolve user references and to evaluate the policy's tests and sshTests blocks. Required when those checks are needed.")
 	mustMarkRequired(checkPolicy, "file")
 	policyCmd.AddCommand(checkPolicy)
 }
@@ -72,12 +60,15 @@ var policyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 var getPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "get",
 	Short:   "Print the current ACL Policy",
-	Aliases: []string{cmdShow, "view", "fetch"},
+	Aliases: []string{"show", "view", "fetch"},
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		var policyData string
-
 		if bypass, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(bypassFlag); bypass {
-			d, err := openBypassDB(cmd)
+			if !confirmAction(cmd, "DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?") {
+				return errAborted
+			}
+
+			d, err := bypassDatabase()
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -90,23 +81,19 @@ var getPolicy = &cobra.Command{

 			policyData = pol.Data
 		} else {
-			err := withClient(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses) error {
-				resp, err := client.GetPolicyWithResponse(ctx)
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("loading ACL policy: %w", err)
-				}
-
-				if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-					return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-				}
-
-				policyData = resp.JSON200.Policy
-
-				return nil
-			})
+			ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 			if err != nil {
-				return err
+				return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
 			}
+			defer cancel()
+			defer conn.Close()
+
+			response, err := client.GetPolicy(ctx, &v1.GetPolicyRequest{})
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("loading ACL policy: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			policyData = response.GetPolicy()
 		}

 		// This does not pass output format as we don't support yaml, json or
@@ -133,13 +120,17 @@ var setPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 		}

 		if bypass, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(bypassFlag); bypass {
-			d, err := openBypassDB(cmd)
+			if !confirmAction(cmd, "DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?") {
+				return errAborted
+			}
+
+			d, err := bypassDatabase()
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			defer d.Close()

-			users, err := d.ListUsers(nil)
+			users, err := d.ListUsers()
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("loading users for policy validation: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -154,24 +145,18 @@ var setPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 				return fmt.Errorf("setting ACL policy: %w", err)
 			}
 		} else {
-			policyStr := string(policyBytes)
+			request := &v1.SetPolicyRequest{Policy: string(policyBytes)}

-			err := withClient(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses) error {
-				resp, err := client.SetPolicyWithResponse(ctx, clientv1.SetPolicyJSONRequestBody{
-					Policy: &policyStr,
-				})
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("setting ACL policy: %w", err)
-				}
-
-				if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-					return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-				}
-
-				return nil
-			})
+			ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 			if err != nil {
-				return err
+				return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
+			}
+			defer cancel()
+			defer conn.Close()
+
+			_, err = client.SetPolicy(ctx, request)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("setting ACL policy: %w", err)
 			}
 		}

@@ -184,11 +169,6 @@ var setPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 var checkPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "check",
 	Short: "Check the Policy file for errors",
-	Long: `
-	Check validates the policy against the server's live users and nodes,
-	running any "tests" or "sshTests" block. By default the command calls a
-	running headscale over its API; pass --` + bypassFlag + ` to
-	open the database directly when headscale is not running.`,
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		policyPath, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("file")

@@ -197,60 +177,9 @@ var checkPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 			return fmt.Errorf("reading policy file: %w", err)
 		}

-		if bypass, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(bypassFlag); bypass {
-			d, err := openBypassDB(cmd)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			defer d.Close()
-
-			users, err := d.ListUsers(nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("loading users: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			nodes, err := d.ListNodes()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("loading nodes: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			// [policy.NewPolicyManager] validates structure and user references
-			// but intentionally skips test evaluation (boot path).
-			// [policy.PolicyManager.SetPolicy] is the user-write boundary and is what runs the
-			// tests and sshTests blocks.
-			pm, err := policy.NewPolicyManager(policyBytes, users, nodes.ViewSlice())
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("parsing policy file: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			_, err = pm.SetPolicy(policyBytes)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			fmt.Println("Policy is valid")
-
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		policyStr := string(policyBytes)
-
-		err = withClient(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses) error {
-			resp, err := client.CheckPolicyWithResponse(ctx, clientv1.CheckPolicyJSONRequestBody{
-				Policy: &policyStr,
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-				return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-			}
-
-			return nil
-		})
+		_, err = policy.NewPolicyManager(policyBytes, nil, views.Slice[types.NodeView]{})
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return fmt.Errorf("parsing policy file: %w", err)
 		}

 		fmt.Println("Policy is valid")
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"

-	clientv1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/client/v1"
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
+	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )

@@ -42,57 +42,57 @@ var preauthkeysCmd = &cobra.Command{
 }

 var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     cmdList,
+	Use:     "list",
 	Short:   "List all preauthkeys",
-	Aliases: []string{"ls", cmdShow},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		resp, err := client.ListPreAuthKeysWithResponse(ctx)
+	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		response, err := client.ListPreAuthKeys(ctx, &v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("listing preauthkeys: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
+		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetPreAuthKeys(), func() error {
+			tableData := pterm.TableData{
+				{
+					"ID",
+					"Key/Prefix",
+					"Reusable",
+					"Ephemeral",
+					"Used",
+					"Expiration",
+					"Created",
+					"Owner",
+				},
+			}

-		preAuthKeys := resp.JSON200.PreAuthKeys
-
-		return printListOutput(cmd, preAuthKeys, func() error {
-			rows := make([][]string, 0, len(preAuthKeys))
-			for _, key := range preAuthKeys {
-				expiration := ColourTime(key.Expiration)
-
-				owner := "-"
-
-				switch {
-				case len(key.AclTags) > 0:
-					owner = strings.Join(key.AclTags, "\n")
-				case key.User.Id != "":
-					owner = key.User.Name
+			for _, key := range response.GetPreAuthKeys() {
+				expiration := "-"
+				if key.GetExpiration() != nil {
+					expiration = ColourTime(key.GetExpiration().AsTime())
 				}

-				rows = append(rows, []string{
-					key.Id,
-					key.Key,
-					strconv.FormatBool(key.Reusable),
-					strconv.FormatBool(key.Ephemeral),
-					strconv.FormatBool(key.Used),
+				var owner string
+				if len(key.GetAclTags()) > 0 {
+					owner = strings.Join(key.GetAclTags(), "\n")
+				} else if key.GetUser() != nil {
+					owner = key.GetUser().GetName()
+				} else {
+					owner = "-"
+				}
+
+				tableData = append(tableData, []string{
+					strconv.FormatUint(key.GetId(), util.Base10),
+					key.GetKey(),
+					strconv.FormatBool(key.GetReusable()),
+					strconv.FormatBool(key.GetEphemeral()),
+					strconv.FormatBool(key.GetUsed()),
 					expiration,
-					key.CreatedAt.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
+					key.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
 					owner,
 				})
 			}

-			return renderTable([]string{
-				"ID",
-				"Key/Prefix",
-				"Reusable",
-				"Ephemeral",
-				"Used",
-				colExpiration,
-				colCreated,
-				"Owner",
-			}, rows)
+			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
 		})
 	}),
 }
@@ -100,103 +100,79 @@ var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
 var createPreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "create",
 	Short:   "Creates a new preauthkey",
-	Aliases: []string{"c", cmdNew},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Aliases: []string{"c", "new"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("user")
 		reusable, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("reusable")
 		ephemeral, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ephemeral")
 		tags, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("tags")

-		expiryTime, err := expirationFromFlag(cmd)
+		expiration, err := expirationFromFlag(cmd)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

-		userStr := strconv.FormatUint(user, util.Base10)
-
-		request := clientv1.CreatePreAuthKeyJSONRequestBody{
-			User:       &userStr,
-			Reusable:   &reusable,
-			Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
-			AclTags:    &tags,
-			Expiration: &expiryTime,
+		request := &v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest{
+			User:       user,
+			Reusable:   reusable,
+			Ephemeral:  ephemeral,
+			AclTags:    tags,
+			Expiration: expiration,
 		}

-		resp, err := client.CreatePreAuthKeyWithResponse(ctx, request)
+		response, err := client.CreatePreAuthKey(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("creating preauthkey: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		preAuthKey := resp.JSON200.PreAuthKey
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, preAuthKey, preAuthKey.Key)
+		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetPreAuthKey(), response.GetPreAuthKey().GetKey())
 	}),
 }

-// preAuthKeyID reads the required --id flag for preauthkey commands.
-func preAuthKeyID(cmd *cobra.Command) (uint64, error) {
-	id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
-	if id == 0 {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("missing --id parameter: %w", errMissingParameter)
-	}
-
-	return id, nil
-}
-
 var expirePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     cmdExpire,
+	Use:     "expire",
 	Short:   "Expire a preauthkey",
-	Aliases: []string{"revoke", aliasExp, "e"},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, err := preAuthKeyID(cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+	Aliases: []string{"revoke", "exp", "e"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
+
+		if id == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("missing --id parameter: %w", errMissingParameter)
 		}

-		idStr := strconv.FormatUint(id, util.Base10)
+		request := &v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest{
+			Id: id,
+		}

-		resp, err := client.ExpirePreAuthKeyWithResponse(ctx, clientv1.ExpirePreAuthKeyJSONRequestBody{
-			Id: &idStr,
-		})
+		response, err := client.ExpirePreAuthKey(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("expiring preauthkey: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200, "Key expired")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key expired")
 	}),
 }

 var deletePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     cmdDelete,
+	Use:     "delete",
 	Short:   "Delete a preauthkey",
-	Aliases: []string{aliasDel, "rm", "d"},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, err := preAuthKeyID(cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+	Aliases: []string{"del", "rm", "d"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
+
+		if id == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("missing --id parameter: %w", errMissingParameter)
 		}

-		idStr := strconv.FormatUint(id, util.Base10)
+		request := &v1.DeletePreAuthKeyRequest{
+			Id: id,
+		}

-		resp, err := client.DeletePreAuthKeyWithResponse(ctx, &clientv1.DeletePreAuthKeyParams{
-			Id: &idStr,
-		})
+		response, err := client.DeletePreAuthKey(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("deleting preauthkey: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200, "Key deleted")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key deleted")
 	}),
 }
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ func init() {
 		return
 	}

+	if slices.Contains(os.Args, "policy") && slices.Contains(os.Args, "check") {
+		zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.Disabled)
+		return
+	}
+
 	cobra.OnInitialize(initConfig)
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().
 		StringVarP(&cfgFile, "config", "c", "", "config file (default is /etc/headscale/config.yaml)")
@@ -31,7 +36,7 @@ func init() {
 		Bool("force", false, "Disable prompts and forces the execution")

 	// Re-enable usage output only for flag-parsing errors; runtime errors
-	// from [cobra.Command.RunE] should never dump usage text.
+	// from RunE should never dump usage text.
 	rootCmd.SetFlagErrorFunc(func(cmd *cobra.Command, err error) error {
 		cmd.SilenceUsage = false

@@ -96,9 +101,13 @@ func initConfig() {
 var prereleases = []string{"alpha", "beta", "rc", "dev"}

 func isPreReleaseVersion(version string) bool {
-	return slices.ContainsFunc(prereleases, func(unstable string) bool {
-		return strings.Contains(version, unstable)
-	})
+	for _, unstable := range prereleases {
+		if strings.Contains(version, unstable) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
 }

 // filterPreReleasesIfStable returns a function that filters out
@@ -117,7 +126,13 @@ func filterPreReleasesIfStable(versionFunc func() string) func(string) bool {
 		}

 		// If we are on a stable release, filter out pre-releases.
-		return isPreReleaseVersion(tag)
+		for _, ignore := range prereleases {
+			if strings.Contains(tag, ignore) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+
+		return false
 	}
 }

@@ -4,19 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )

-const (
-	v23       = "0.23.0"
-	v23Alpha1 = "0.23.0-alpha.1"
-	v23Beta1  = "0.23.0-beta.1"
-	v23RC1    = "0.23.0-rc.1"
-	v23Dev    = "0.23.0-dev"
-	v231      = "0.23.1"
-
-	v24Alpha1Tag = "v0.24.0-alpha.1"
-	v24RCTag     = "v0.24.0-rc.1"
-	v24Tag       = "v0.24.0"
-)
-
 func TestFilterPreReleasesIfStable(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name           string
@@ -27,64 +14,64 @@ func TestFilterPreReleasesIfStable(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			name:           "stable version filters alpha tag",
-			currentVersion: v23,
-			tag:            v24Alpha1Tag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.1",
 			expectedFilter: true,
 			description:    "When on stable release, alpha tags should be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "stable version filters beta tag",
-			currentVersion: v23,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
 			tag:            "v0.24.0-beta.2",
 			expectedFilter: true,
 			description:    "When on stable release, beta tags should be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "stable version filters rc tag",
-			currentVersion: v23,
-			tag:            v24RCTag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0-rc.1",
 			expectedFilter: true,
 			description:    "When on stable release, rc tags should be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "stable version allows stable tag",
-			currentVersion: v23,
-			tag:            v24Tag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on stable release, stable tags should not be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "alpha version allows alpha tag",
-			currentVersion: v23Alpha1,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-alpha.1",
 			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.2",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on alpha release, alpha tags should not be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "alpha version allows beta tag",
-			currentVersion: v23Alpha1,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-alpha.1",
 			tag:            "v0.24.0-beta.1",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on alpha release, beta tags should not be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "alpha version allows rc tag",
-			currentVersion: v23Alpha1,
-			tag:            v24RCTag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-alpha.1",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0-rc.1",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on alpha release, rc tags should not be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "alpha version allows stable tag",
-			currentVersion: v23Alpha1,
-			tag:            v24Tag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-alpha.1",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on alpha release, stable tags should not be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "beta version allows alpha tag",
-			currentVersion: v23Beta1,
-			tag:            v24Alpha1Tag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-beta.1",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.1",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on beta release, alpha tags should not be filtered",
 		},
@@ -97,28 +84,28 @@ func TestFilterPreReleasesIfStable(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "beta version allows rc tag",
-			currentVersion: v23Beta1,
-			tag:            v24RCTag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-beta.1",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0-rc.1",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on beta release, rc tags should not be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "beta version allows stable tag",
-			currentVersion: v23Beta1,
-			tag:            v24Tag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-beta.1",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on beta release, stable tags should not be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "rc version allows alpha tag",
-			currentVersion: v23RC1,
-			tag:            v24Alpha1Tag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-rc.1",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.1",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on rc release, alpha tags should not be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "rc version allows beta tag",
-			currentVersion: v23RC1,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-rc.1",
 			tag:            "v0.24.0-beta.1",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on rc release, beta tags should not be filtered",
@@ -132,78 +119,78 @@ func TestFilterPreReleasesIfStable(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "rc version allows stable tag",
-			currentVersion: v23RC1,
-			tag:            v24Tag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-rc.1",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on rc release, stable tags should not be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "stable version with patch filters alpha",
-			currentVersion: v231,
-			tag:            v24Alpha1Tag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.1",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.1",
 			expectedFilter: true,
 			description:    "Stable version with patch number should filter alpha tags",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "stable version with patch allows stable",
-			currentVersion: v231,
-			tag:            v24Tag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.1",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "Stable version with patch number should allow stable tags",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "tag with alpha substring in version number",
-			currentVersion: v23,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
 			tag:            "v1.0.0-alpha.1",
 			expectedFilter: true,
 			description:    "Tags with alpha in version string should be filtered on stable",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "tag with beta substring in version number",
-			currentVersion: v23,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
 			tag:            "v1.0.0-beta.1",
 			expectedFilter: true,
 			description:    "Tags with beta in version string should be filtered on stable",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "tag with rc substring in version number",
-			currentVersion: v23,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
 			tag:            "v1.0.0-rc.1",
 			expectedFilter: true,
 			description:    "Tags with rc in version string should be filtered on stable",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "empty tag on stable version",
-			currentVersion: v23,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
 			tag:            "",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "Empty tags should not be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "dev version allows all tags",
-			currentVersion: v23Dev,
-			tag:            v24Alpha1Tag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-dev",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0-alpha.1",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "Dev versions should not filter any tags (pre-release allows all)",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "stable version filters dev tag",
-			currentVersion: v23,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0",
 			tag:            "v0.24.0-dev",
 			expectedFilter: true,
 			description:    "When on stable release, dev tags should be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "dev version allows dev tag",
-			currentVersion: v23Dev,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-dev",
 			tag:            "v0.24.0-dev.1",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on dev release, dev tags should not be filtered",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "dev version allows stable tag",
-			currentVersion: v23Dev,
-			tag:            v24Tag,
+			currentVersion: "0.23.0-dev",
+			tag:            "v0.24.0",
 			expectedFilter: false,
 			description:    "When on dev release, stable tags should not be filtered",
 		},
@@ -213,8 +200,7 @@ func TestFilterPreReleasesIfStable(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			result := filterPreReleasesIfStable(func() string { return tt.currentVersion })(tt.tag)
 			if result != tt.expectedFilter {
-				t.Errorf(
-					"%s: got %v, want %v\nDescription: %s\nCurrent version: %s, Tag: %s",
+				t.Errorf("%s: got %v, want %v\nDescription: %s\nCurrent version: %s, Tag: %s",
 					tt.name,
 					result,
 					tt.expectedFilter,
@@ -236,25 +222,25 @@ func TestIsPreReleaseVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			name:        "stable version",
-			version:     v23,
+			version:     "0.23.0",
 			expected:    false,
 			description: "Stable version should not be pre-release",
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "alpha version",
-			version:     v23Alpha1,
+			version:     "0.23.0-alpha.1",
 			expected:    true,
 			description: "Alpha version should be pre-release",
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "beta version",
-			version:     v23Beta1,
+			version:     "0.23.0-beta.1",
 			expected:    true,
 			description: "Beta version should be pre-release",
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "rc version",
-			version:     v23RC1,
+			version:     "0.23.0-rc.1",
 			expected:    true,
 			description: "RC version should be pre-release",
 		},
@@ -272,7 +258,7 @@ func TestIsPreReleaseVersion(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "dev version",
-			version:     v23Dev,
+			version:     "0.23.0-dev",
 			expected:    true,
 			description: "Dev version should be pre-release",
 		},
@@ -284,7 +270,7 @@ func TestIsPreReleaseVersion(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "version with patch number",
-			version:     v231,
+			version:     "0.23.1",
 			expected:    false,
 			description: "Stable version with patch should not be pre-release",
 		},
@@ -294,8 +280,7 @@ func TestIsPreReleaseVersion(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			result := isPreReleaseVersion(tt.version)
 			if result != tt.expected {
-				t.Errorf(
-					"%s: got %v, want %v\nDescription: %s\nVersion: %s",
+				t.Errorf("%s: got %v, want %v\nDescription: %s\nVersion: %s",
 					tt.name,
 					result,
 					tt.expected,
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-// Shared CLI vocabulary used across multiple command definitions in this
-// package. Centralising the strings prevents goconst drift and ensures a
-// typo in a subcommand name fails to compile rather than silently
-// breaking the binding.
-const (
-	// Subcommand verbs (cobra Use field).
-	cmdList   = "list"
-	cmdShow   = "show"
-	cmdNew    = "new"
-	cmdDelete = "delete"
-	cmdExpire = "expire"
-
-	// Subcommand aliases.
-	aliasDel = "del"
-	aliasExp = "exp"
-
-	// Output table column headers and printOutput map keys.
-	colResult     = "Result"
-	colCreated    = "Created"
-	colExpiration = "Expiration"
-)
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"strconv"

-	clientv1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/client/v1"
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util/zlog/zf"
+	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -37,50 +37,13 @@ func usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) (uint64, string, error) {

 	// Normalise unset/negative identifiers to 0 so the uint64
 	// conversion does not produce a bogus large value.
-	identifier = max(identifier, 0)
+	if identifier < 0 {
+		identifier = 0
+	}

 	return uint64(identifier), username, nil //nolint:gosec // identifier is clamped to >= 0 above
 }

-// resolveSingleUser resolves exactly one user from the --name/--id flags,
-// returning the raw flag id and the matched user.
-func resolveSingleUser(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses,
-	cmd *cobra.Command,
-) (uint64, *clientv1.User, error) {
-	id, username, err := usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, nil, err
-	}
-
-	params := &clientv1.ListUsersParams{}
-	if username != "" {
-		params.Name = &username
-	}
-
-	if id != 0 {
-		idStr := strconv.FormatUint(id, util.Base10)
-		params.Id = &idStr
-	}
-
-	resp, err := client.ListUsersWithResponse(ctx, params)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("listing users: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-		return 0, nil, apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-	}
-
-	users := resp.JSON200.Users
-	if len(users) != 1 {
-		return 0, nil, errMultipleUsersMatch
-	}
-
-	return id, &users[0], nil
-}
-
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(userCmd)
 	userCmd.AddCommand(createUserCmd)
@@ -107,7 +70,7 @@ var userCmd = &cobra.Command{
 var createUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "create NAME",
 	Short:   "Creates a new user",
-	Aliases: []string{"c", cmdNew},
+	Aliases: []string{"c", "new"},
 	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		if len(args) < 1 {
 			return errMissingParameter
@@ -115,19 +78,19 @@ var createUserCmd = &cobra.Command{

 		return nil
 	},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		userName := args[0]

-		log.Trace().Interface(zf.Client, client).Msg("obtained API client")
+		log.Trace().Interface(zf.Client, client).Msg("obtained gRPC client")

-		request := clientv1.CreateUserJSONRequestBody{Name: &userName}
+		request := &v1.CreateUserRequest{Name: userName}

 		if displayName, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("display-name"); displayName != "" {
-			request.DisplayName = &displayName
+			request.DisplayName = displayName
 		}

 		if email, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("email"); email != "" {
-			request.Email = &email
+			request.Email = email
 		}

 		if pictureURL, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("picture-url"); pictureURL != "" {
@@ -135,60 +98,70 @@ var createUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				return fmt.Errorf("invalid picture URL: %w", err)
 			}

-			request.PictureUrl = &pictureURL
+			request.PictureUrl = pictureURL
 		}

 		log.Trace().Interface(zf.Request, request).Msg("sending CreateUser request")

-		resp, err := client.CreateUserWithResponse(ctx, request)
+		response, err := client.CreateUser(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("creating user: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200.User, "User created")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetUser(), "User created")
 	}),
 }

 var destroyUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "destroy --identifier ID or --name NAME",
 	Short:   "Destroys a user",
-	Aliases: []string{cmdDelete},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		_, user, err := resolveSingleUser(ctx, client, cmd)
+	Aliases: []string{"delete"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		id, username, err := usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

-		if !confirmAction(cmd, fmt.Sprintf(
-			"Do you want to remove the user %q (%s) and any associated preauthkeys?",
-			user.Name, user.Id,
-		)) {
-			return printOutput(cmd, map[string]string{colResult: "User not destroyed"}, "User not destroyed")
+		request := &v1.ListUsersRequest{
+			Name: username,
+			Id:   id,
 		}

-		resp, err := client.DeleteUserWithResponse(ctx, user.Id)
+		users, err := client.ListUsers(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("listing users: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if len(users.GetUsers()) != 1 {
+			return errMultipleUsersMatch
+		}
+
+		user := users.GetUsers()[0]
+
+		if !confirmAction(cmd, fmt.Sprintf(
+			"Do you want to remove the user %q (%d) and any associated preauthkeys?",
+			user.GetName(), user.GetId(),
+		)) {
+			return printOutput(cmd, map[string]string{"Result": "User not destroyed"}, "User not destroyed")
+		}
+
+		deleteRequest := &v1.DeleteUserRequest{Id: user.GetId()}
+
+		response, err := client.DeleteUser(ctx, deleteRequest)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("destroying user: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200, "User destroyed")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response, "User destroyed")
 	}),
 }

 var listUsersCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     cmdList,
+	Use:     "list",
 	Short:   "List all the users",
-	Aliases: []string{"ls", cmdShow},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		params := &clientv1.ListUsersParams{}
+	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		request := &v1.ListUsersRequest{}

 		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt64("identifier")
 		username, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("name")
@@ -197,41 +170,34 @@ var listUsersCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		// filter by one param at most
 		switch {
 		case id > 0:
-			idStr := strconv.FormatInt(id, util.Base10)
-			params.Id = &idStr
+			request.Id = uint64(id)
 		case username != "":
-			params.Name = &username
+			request.Name = username
 		case email != "":
-			params.Email = &email
+			request.Email = email
 		}

-		resp, err := client.ListUsersWithResponse(ctx, params)
+		response, err := client.ListUsers(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("listing users: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		users := resp.JSON200.Users
-
-		return printListOutput(cmd, users, func() error {
-			rows := make([][]string, 0, len(users))
-			for _, user := range users {
-				rows = append(
-					rows,
+		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetUsers(), func() error {
+			tableData := pterm.TableData{{"ID", "Name", "Username", "Email", "Created"}}
+			for _, user := range response.GetUsers() {
+				tableData = append(
+					tableData,
 					[]string{
-						user.Id,
-						user.DisplayName,
-						user.Name,
-						user.Email,
-						user.CreatedAt.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
+						strconv.FormatUint(user.GetId(), util.Base10),
+						user.GetDisplayName(),
+						user.GetName(),
+						user.GetEmail(),
+						user.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
 					},
 				)
 			}

-			return renderTable([]string{"ID", "Name", "Username", "Email", colCreated}, rows)
+			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
 		})
 	}),
 }
@@ -240,23 +206,38 @@ var renameUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "rename",
 	Short:   "Renames a user",
 	Aliases: []string{"mv"},
-	RunE: clientRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, _, err := resolveSingleUser(ctx, client, cmd)
+	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		id, username, err := usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

+		listReq := &v1.ListUsersRequest{
+			Name: username,
+			Id:   id,
+		}
+
+		users, err := client.ListUsers(ctx, listReq)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("listing users: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if len(users.GetUsers()) != 1 {
+			return errMultipleUsersMatch
+		}
+
 		newName, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("new-name")

-		resp, err := client.RenameUserWithResponse(ctx, strconv.FormatUint(id, util.Base10), newName)
+		renameReq := &v1.RenameUserRequest{
+			OldId:   id,
+			NewName: newName,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.RenameUser(ctx, renameReq)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("renaming user: %w", err)
 		}

-		if resp.StatusCode() != http.StatusOK {
-			return apiError(resp.StatusCode(), resp.ApplicationproblemJSONDefault)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.JSON200.User, "User renamed")
+		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetUser(), "User renamed")
 	}),
 }
@@ -6,23 +6,21 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
 	"os"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5"
-	clientv1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/client/v1"
+	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util/zlog/zf"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
-	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )

@@ -38,45 +36,11 @@ const (
 var (
 	errAPIKeyNotSet     = errors.New("HEADSCALE_CLI_API_KEY environment variable needs to be set")
 	errMissingParameter = errors.New("missing parameters")
-	errResponseStatus   = errors.New("unexpected response status")
 )

-// apiError turns a non-2xx response into an error, surfacing the server's
-// RFC7807 problem detail. detail holds the operation context and errors[] the
-// wrapped cause (e.g. "name is too long"); both are joined so the server's
-// message text is not lost.
-func apiError(statusCode int, problem *clientv1.ErrorModel) error {
-	if problem == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d %s", errResponseStatus, statusCode, http.StatusText(statusCode))
-	}
-
-	parts := make([]string, 0, 2)
-
-	if problem.Detail != nil && *problem.Detail != "" {
-		parts = append(parts, *problem.Detail)
-	}
-
-	if problem.Errors != nil {
-		for _, e := range *problem.Errors {
-			if e.Message != nil && *e.Message != "" {
-				parts = append(parts, *e.Message)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(parts) == 0 && problem.Title != nil && *problem.Title != "" {
-		parts = append(parts, *problem.Title)
-	}
-
-	if len(parts) == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d %s", errResponseStatus, statusCode, http.StatusText(statusCode))
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errResponseStatus, strings.Join(parts, ": "))
-}
-
-// mustMarkRequired marks the named flags as required, panicking on an unknown
-// flag. Only called from init(), where a failure is a programming error.
+// mustMarkRequired marks the named flags as required on cmd, panicking
+// if any name does not match a registered flag.  This is only called
+// from init() where a failure indicates a programming error.
 func mustMarkRequired(cmd *cobra.Command, names ...string) {
 	for _, n := range names {
 		err := cmd.MarkFlagRequired(n)
@@ -103,47 +67,28 @@ func newHeadscaleServerWithConfig() (*hscontrol.Headscale, error) {
 	return app, nil
 }

-// clientRunE wraps a [cobra.Command.RunE] func, injecting a ready API client
-// and a context whose timeout/cancel the wrapper owns.
-func clientRunE(
-	fn func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error,
+// grpcRunE wraps a cobra RunE func, injecting a ready gRPC client and
+// context. Connection lifecycle is managed by the wrapper — callers
+// never see the underlying conn or cancel func.
+func grpcRunE(
+	fn func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error,
 ) func(*cobra.Command, []string) error {
 	return func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		ctx, client, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
 		}
 		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()

 		return fn(ctx, client, cmd, args)
 	}
 }

-// withClient runs fn with an API client. For commands that branch on a flag
-// before talking to the server, where clientRunE's whole-RunE wrapping does
-// not fit.
-func withClient(
-	fn func(ctx context.Context, client *clientv1.ClientWithResponses) error,
-) error {
-	ctx, client, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer cancel()
-
-	return fn(ctx, client)
-}
-
-// newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig builds an HTTP client for the Headscale v1 API.
-//
-// When cfg.CLI.Address is unset the CLI is assumed to run on the server host
-// and talks to the unix socket over HTTP without authentication (local trust).
-// Otherwise it talks to the remote TCP address over HTTPS and injects the
-// configured API key as a bearer token.
-func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, *clientv1.ClientWithResponses, context.CancelFunc, error) {
+func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *grpc.ClientConn, context.CancelFunc, error) {
 	cfg, err := types.LoadCLIConfig()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("loading configuration: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("loading configuration: %w", err)
 	}

 	log.Debug().
@@ -152,131 +97,89 @@ func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, *clientv1.ClientWithResponses

 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), cfg.CLI.Timeout)

+	grpcOptions := []grpc.DialOption{
+		grpc.WithBlock(), //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but supported in 1.x
+	}
+
 	address := cfg.CLI.Address

-	// If the address is not set, we assume that we are on the server hosting [hscontrol].
+	// If the address is not set, we assume that we are on the server hosting hscontrol.
 	if address == "" {
 		log.Debug().
 			Str("socket", cfg.UnixSocket).
 			Msgf("HEADSCALE_CLI_ADDRESS environment is not set, connecting to unix socket.")

-		client, err := newSocketClient(cfg.UnixSocket)
+		address = cfg.UnixSocket
+
+		// Try to give the user better feedback if we cannot write to the headscale
+		// socket.  Note: os.OpenFile on a Unix domain socket returns ENXIO on
+		// Linux which is expected — only permission errors are actionable here.
+		// The actual gRPC connection uses net.Dial which handles sockets properly.
+		socket, err := os.OpenFile(cfg.UnixSocket, os.O_WRONLY, SocketWritePermissions) //nolint
 		if err != nil {
+			if os.IsPermission(err) {
+				cancel()
+
+				return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
+					"unable to read/write to headscale socket %q, do you have the correct permissions? %w",
+					cfg.UnixSocket,
+					err,
+				)
+			}
+		} else {
+			socket.Close()
+		}
+
+		grpcOptions = append(
+			grpcOptions,
+			grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
+			grpc.WithContextDialer(util.GrpcSocketDialer),
+		)
+	} else {
+		// If we are not connecting to a local server, require an API key for authentication
+		apiKey := cfg.CLI.APIKey
+		if apiKey == "" {
 			cancel()

-			return nil, nil, nil, err
+			return nil, nil, nil, nil, errAPIKeyNotSet
 		}

-		log.Trace().Caller().Str(zf.Address, cfg.UnixSocket).Msg("connecting via unix socket")
+		grpcOptions = append(grpcOptions,
+			grpc.WithPerRPCCredentials(tokenAuth{
+				token: apiKey,
+			}),
+		)

-		return ctx, client, cancel, nil
-	}
+		if cfg.CLI.Insecure {
+			tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
+				// turn of gosec as we are intentionally setting
+				// insecure.
+				//nolint:gosec
+				InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+			}

-	// Remote connections require an API key for authentication.
-	apiKey := cfg.CLI.APIKey
-	if apiKey == "" {
-		cancel()
-
-		return nil, nil, nil, errAPIKeyNotSet
-	}
-
-	client, err := newRemoteClient(address, apiKey, cfg.CLI.Insecure)
-	if err != nil {
-		cancel()
-
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	log.Trace().Caller().Str(zf.Address, address).Msg("connecting via HTTPS")
-
-	return ctx, client, cancel, nil
-}
-
-// newSocketClient builds an API client that dials the local unix socket. The
-// base-URL host is irrelevant; the custom dialer routes every request to the
-// socket.
-func newSocketClient(socketPath string) (*clientv1.ClientWithResponses, error) {
-	// Probe for a clearer permission error up front. [os.OpenFile] on a unix
-	// socket returns ENXIO on Linux (expected); only permission errors are
-	// actionable. The real connection goes through [net.Dial].
-	socket, err := os.OpenFile(socketPath, os.O_WRONLY, SocketWritePermissions) //nolint
-	if err != nil {
-		if os.IsPermission(err) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf(
-				"unable to read/write to headscale socket %q, do you have the correct permissions? %w",
-				socketPath,
-				err,
+			grpcOptions = append(grpcOptions,
+				grpc.WithTransportCredentials(credentials.NewTLS(tlsConfig)),
+			)
+		} else {
+			grpcOptions = append(grpcOptions,
+				grpc.WithTransportCredentials(credentials.NewClientTLSFromCert(nil, "")),
 			)
 		}
-	} else {
-		socket.Close()
 	}

-	httpClient := &http.Client{
-		Transport: &http.Transport{
-			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				return dialHeadscaleSocket(ctx, socketPath)
-			},
-		},
+	log.Trace().Caller().Str(zf.Address, address).Msg("connecting via gRPC")
+
+	conn, err := grpc.DialContext(ctx, address, grpcOptions...) //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but supported in 1.x
+	if err != nil {
+		cancel()
+
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("connecting to %s: %w", address, err)
 	}

-	return clientv1.NewClientWithResponses(
-		"http://local",
-		clientv1.WithHTTPClient(httpClient),
-	)
-}
+	client := v1.NewHeadscaleServiceClient(conn)

-// dialHeadscaleSocket connects to the unix socket, retrying until it appears or
-// ctx (the CLI timeout) expires. The socket is created late in startup (after
-// noise key, database, migrations), so a command run right after the server
-// starts can race its creation; retrying preserves the old gRPC client's
-// blocking-dial tolerance rather than failing on a not-yet-present socket.
-func dialHeadscaleSocket(ctx context.Context, socketPath string) (net.Conn, error) {
-	b := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()
-	b.InitialInterval = 50 * time.Millisecond
-	b.MaxInterval = 1 * time.Second
-
-	return backoff.Retry(ctx, func() (net.Conn, error) {
-		return util.SocketDialer(ctx, socketPath)
-	}, backoff.WithBackOff(b))
-}
-
-// clientBaseURL turns a configured CLI address into a client base URL. A bare
-// host[:port] (the historical form) defaults to https; an address that already
-// carries a scheme is used as-is, so an explicit http:// or https:// is honoured
-// rather than doubled into https://https://...
-func clientBaseURL(address string) string {
-	if strings.Contains(address, "://") {
-		return address
-	}
-
-	return "https://" + address
-}
-
-// newRemoteClient builds an API client for a remote Headscale over HTTPS,
-// honouring insecure (skip TLS verification) and injecting the API key as a
-// bearer token on every request.
-func newRemoteClient(address, apiKey string, insecure bool) (*clientv1.ClientWithResponses, error) {
-	transport := &http.Transport{}
-	if insecure {
-		transport.TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
-			// turn off gosec as we are intentionally setting insecure.
-			//nolint:gosec
-			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-		}
-	}
-
-	httpClient := &http.Client{Transport: transport}
-
-	return clientv1.NewClientWithResponses(
-		clientBaseURL(address),
-		clientv1.WithHTTPClient(httpClient),
-		clientv1.WithRequestEditorFn(func(_ context.Context, req *http.Request) error {
-			req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+apiKey)
-
-			return nil
-		}),
-	)
+	return ctx, client, conn, cancel, nil
 }

 // formatOutput serialises result into the requested format. For the
@@ -325,16 +228,16 @@ func printOutput(cmd *cobra.Command, result any, override string) error {
 }

 // expirationFromFlag parses the --expiration flag as a Prometheus-style
-// duration (e.g. "90d", "1h") and returns an absolute time.
-func expirationFromFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) (time.Time, error) {
+// duration (e.g. "90d", "1h") and returns an absolute timestamp.
+func expirationFromFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) (*timestamppb.Timestamp, error) {
 	durationStr, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiration")

 	duration, err := model.ParseDuration(durationStr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("parsing duration: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing duration: %w", err)
 	}

-	return time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Duration(duration)), nil
+	return timestamppb.New(time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Duration(duration))), nil
 }

 // confirmAction returns true when the user confirms a prompt, or when
@@ -348,19 +251,9 @@ func confirmAction(cmd *cobra.Command, prompt string) bool {
 	return util.YesNo(prompt)
 }

-// renderTable prints a human-readable pterm table with the given header row
-// and data rows, using the shared header styling.
-func renderTable(header []string, rows [][]string) error {
-	tableData := make(pterm.TableData, 0, 1+len(rows))
-	tableData = append(tableData, header)
-	tableData = append(tableData, rows...)
-
-	return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
-}
-
 // printListOutput checks the --output flag: when a machine-readable format is
-// requested it serialises data as JSON/YAML; otherwise it calls the render
-// callback to produce the human-readable pterm table.
+// requested it serialises data as JSON/YAML; otherwise it calls renderTable
+// to produce the human-readable pterm table.
 func printListOutput(
 	cmd *cobra.Command,
 	data any,
@@ -376,25 +269,56 @@ func printListOutput(

 // printError writes err to stderr, formatting it as JSON/YAML when the
 // --output flag requests machine-readable output.  Used exclusively by
-// [Execute] so that every error surfaces in the format the caller asked for.
+// Execute() so that every error surfaces in the format the caller asked for.
 func printError(err error, outputFormat string) {
 	type errOutput struct {
 		Error string `json:"error"`
 	}

-	if outputFormat == "" {
+	e := errOutput{Error: err.Error()}
+
+	var formatted []byte
+
+	switch outputFormat {
+	case outputFormatJSON:
+		formatted, _ = json.MarshalIndent(e, "", "\t") //nolint:errchkjson // errOutput contains only a string field
+	case outputFormatJSONLine:
+		formatted, _ = json.Marshal(e) //nolint:errchkjson // errOutput contains only a string field
+	case outputFormatYAML:
+		formatted, _ = yaml.Marshal(e)
+	default:
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %s\n", err)

 		return
 	}

-	// formatOutput cannot fail here: errOutput is a single string field.
-	out, _ := formatOutput(errOutput{Error: err.Error()}, "", outputFormat)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n", out)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n", formatted)
 }

 func hasMachineOutputFlag() bool {
-	return slices.ContainsFunc(os.Args, func(arg string) bool {
-		return arg == outputFormatJSON || arg == outputFormatJSONLine || arg == outputFormatYAML
-	})
+	for _, arg := range os.Args {
+		if arg == outputFormatJSON || arg == outputFormatJSONLine || arg == outputFormatYAML {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+type tokenAuth struct {
+	token string
+}
+
+// Return value is mapped to request headers.
+func (t tokenAuth) GetRequestMetadata(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	in ...string,
+) (map[string]string, error) {
+	return map[string]string{
+		"authorization": "Bearer " + t.token,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (tokenAuth) RequireTransportSecurity() bool {
+	return true
 }
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-// TestDialHeadscaleSocketRetriesUntilPresent proves the CLI socket dialer
-// tolerates a not-yet-created socket (the server-still-starting race) by
-// retrying until it appears, rather than failing immediately like a bare dial.
-func TestDialHeadscaleSocketRetriesUntilPresent(t *testing.T) {
-	sock := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "headscale.sock")
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	type result struct {
-		conn net.Conn
-		err  error
-	}
-
-	done := make(chan result, 1)
-
-	go func() {
-		conn, err := dialHeadscaleSocket(ctx, sock)
-		done <- result{conn, err}
-	}()
-
-	// Listen only after the dialer has begun, so its backoff must retry the
-	// absent socket and connect once it exists.
-	var lc net.ListenConfig
-
-	ln, err := lc.Listen(ctx, "unix", sock)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	defer ln.Close()
-
-	go func() {
-		if conn, _ := ln.Accept(); conn != nil {
-			conn.Close()
-		}
-	}()
-
-	res := <-done
-	require.NoError(t, res.err)
-	require.NotNil(t, res.conn)
-
-	res.conn.Close()
-}
-
-// TestDialHeadscaleSocketRespectsDeadline proves the retry is bounded by the
-// context: when the socket never appears, the dialer returns an error around the
-// deadline instead of hanging.
-func TestDialHeadscaleSocketRespectsDeadline(t *testing.T) {
-	sock := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "absent.sock")
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 200*time.Millisecond)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	start := time.Now()
-
-	conn, err := dialHeadscaleSocket(ctx, sock)
-	require.Error(t, err)
-	assert.Nil(t, conn)
-	assert.Less(t, time.Since(start), 5*time.Second, "should stop near the deadline, not hang")
-}
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import "testing"
-
-func TestClientBaseURL(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		address string
-		want    string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:    "bare host defaults to https",
-			address: "headscale.example.com:50443",
-			want:    "https://headscale.example.com:50443",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "explicit https scheme is kept",
-			address: "https://headscale.example.com",
-			want:    "https://headscale.example.com",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "explicit http scheme is kept",
-			address: "http://localhost:8080",
-			want:    "http://localhost:8080",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			if got := clientBaseURL(tt.address); got != tt.want {
-				t.Errorf("clientBaseURL(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.address, got, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
@@ -11,7 +11,21 @@ import (
 )

 func main() {
-	colors := termcolor.SupportLevel(os.Stderr) != termcolor.LevelNone
+	var colors bool
+
+	switch l := termcolor.SupportLevel(os.Stderr); l {
+	case termcolor.Level16M:
+		colors = true
+	case termcolor.Level256:
+		colors = true
+	case termcolor.LevelBasic:
+		colors = true
+	case termcolor.LevelNone:
+		colors = false
+	default:
+		// no color, return text as is.
+		colors = false
+	}

 	// Adhere to no-color.org manifesto of allowing users to
 	// turn off color in cli/services
@@ -73,4 +73,5 @@ func TestConfigLoading(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "HTTP-01", viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type"))
 	assert.Equal(t, fs.FileMode(0o770), util.GetFileMode("unix_socket_permission"))
 	assert.False(t, viper.GetBool("logtail.enabled"))
+	assert.False(t, viper.GetBool("randomize_client_port"))
 }
@@ -71,8 +71,26 @@ func killTestContainers(ctx context.Context) error {
 	removed := 0

 	for _, cont := range containers {
-		if isTestContainerName(cont.Names) {
-			if killAndRemove(ctx, cli, cont) {
+		shouldRemove := false
+
+		for _, name := range cont.Names {
+			if strings.Contains(name, "headscale-test-suite") ||
+				strings.Contains(name, "hs-") ||
+				strings.Contains(name, "ts-") ||
+				strings.Contains(name, "derp-") {
+				shouldRemove = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if shouldRemove {
+			// First kill the container if it's running
+			if cont.State == "running" {
+				_ = cli.ContainerKill(ctx, cont.ID, "KILL")
+			}
+
+			// Then remove the container with retry logic
+			if removeContainerWithRetry(ctx, cli, cont.ID) {
 				removed++
 			}
 		}
@@ -111,7 +129,13 @@ func killTestContainersByRunID(ctx context.Context, runID string) error {
 	removed := 0

 	for _, cont := range containers {
-		if killAndRemove(ctx, cli, cont) {
+		// Kill the container if it's running
+		if cont.State == "running" {
+			_ = cli.ContainerKill(ctx, cont.ID, "KILL")
+		}
+
+		// Remove the container with retry logic
+		if removeContainerWithRetry(ctx, cli, cont.ID) {
 			removed++
 		}
 	}
@@ -149,8 +173,20 @@ func cleanupStaleTestContainers(ctx context.Context) error {

 	for _, cont := range containers {
 		// Only remove containers that look like test containers
-		if isTestContainerName(cont.Names) {
-			if killAndRemove(ctx, cli, cont) {
+		shouldRemove := false
+
+		for _, name := range cont.Names {
+			if strings.Contains(name, "headscale-test-suite") ||
+				strings.Contains(name, "hs-") ||
+				strings.Contains(name, "ts-") ||
+				strings.Contains(name, "derp-") {
+				shouldRemove = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if shouldRemove {
+			if removeContainerWithRetry(ctx, cli, cont.ID) {
 				removed++
 			}
 		}
@@ -187,46 +223,6 @@ func removeContainerWithRetry(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, container
 	return err == nil
 }

-// testContainerNamePrefixes are the name prefixes used by containers that the
-// integration test harness creates (headscale, tailscale, DERP, and k3s).
-var testContainerNamePrefixes = []string{"hs-", "ts-", "derp-", "k3s-"}
-
-// matchesTestContainerPrefix reports whether name belongs to an integration
-// test container, ignoring any leading "/" that Docker prefixes names with.
-func matchesTestContainerPrefix(name string) bool {
-	name = strings.TrimPrefix(name, "/")
-	for _, prefix := range testContainerNamePrefixes {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
-// isTestContainerName reports whether any of the container names belong to an
-// integration test container.
-func isTestContainerName(names []string) bool {
-	for _, name := range names {
-		if strings.Contains(name, "headscale-test-suite") ||
-			matchesTestContainerPrefix(name) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
-// killAndRemove kills a running container then removes it with retry logic,
-// reporting whether the removal succeeded.
-func killAndRemove(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, cont container.Summary) bool {
-	if cont.State == "running" {
-		_ = cli.ContainerKill(ctx, cont.ID, "KILL")
-	}
-
-	return removeContainerWithRetry(ctx, cli, cont.ID)
-}
-
 // pruneDockerNetworks removes unused Docker networks.
 func pruneDockerNetworks(ctx context.Context) error {
 	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
@@ -523,9 +522,9 @@ func checkImageAvailableLocally(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, imageNa
 	return true, nil
 }

-// ensureImageAvailable pulls imageName if missing, using Docker Hub
-// credentials and retrying transient errors.
+// ensureImageAvailable checks if the image is available locally first, then pulls if needed.
 func ensureImageAvailable(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, imageName string, verbose bool) error {
+	// First check if image is available locally
 	available, err := checkImageAvailableLocally(ctx, cli, imageName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("checking local image availability: %w", err)
@@ -539,64 +538,34 @@ func ensureImageAvailable(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, imageName str
 		return nil
 	}

+	// Image not available locally, try to pull it
 	if verbose {
 		log.Printf("Image %s not found locally, pulling...", imageName)
 	}

-	registryAuth, err := dockertestutil.RegistryAuth()
+	reader, err := cli.ImagePull(ctx, imageName, image.PullOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("resolving registry auth: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("pulling image %s: %w", imageName, err)
 	}
+	defer reader.Close()

-	_, err = backoff.Retry(
-		ctx,
-		func() (struct{}, error) {
-			reader, pullErr := cli.ImagePull(ctx, imageName, image.PullOptions{RegistryAuth: registryAuth})
-			if pullErr != nil {
-				if isPermanentDockerPullError(pullErr) {
-					return struct{}{}, backoff.Permanent(pullErr)
-				}
+	if verbose {
+		_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("reading pull output: %w", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		_, err = io.Copy(io.Discard, reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("reading pull output: %w", err)
+		}

-				return struct{}{}, fmt.Errorf("pulling image %s: %w", imageName, pullErr)
-			}
-			defer reader.Close()
-
-			sink := io.Discard
-			if verbose {
-				sink = os.Stdout
-			}
-
-			_, copyErr := io.Copy(sink, reader)
-			if copyErr != nil {
-				return struct{}{}, fmt.Errorf("reading pull output: %w", copyErr)
-			}
-
-			return struct{}{}, nil
-		},
-		backoff.WithBackOff(backoff.NewExponentialBackOff()),
-		backoff.WithMaxElapsedTime(60*time.Second),
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if !verbose {
 		log.Printf("Image %s pulled successfully", imageName)
 	}

 	return nil
 }

-func isPermanentDockerPullError(err error) bool {
-	msg := strings.ToLower(err.Error())
-
-	return strings.Contains(msg, "manifest unknown") ||
-		strings.Contains(msg, "manifest not found") ||
-		strings.Contains(msg, "repository does not exist") ||
-		strings.Contains(msg, "name unknown") ||
-		strings.Contains(msg, "no such image")
-}
-
 // listControlFiles displays the headscale test artifacts created in the control logs directory.
 func listControlFiles(logsDir string) {
 	entries, err := os.ReadDir(logsDir)
@@ -735,7 +704,7 @@ func getCurrentTestContainers(containers []container.Summary, testContainerID st
 	for _, cont := range containers {
 		for _, name := range cont.Names {
 			containerName := strings.TrimPrefix(name, "/")
-			if matchesTestContainerPrefix(containerName) {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(containerName, "hs-") || strings.HasPrefix(containerName, "ts-") {
 				// Check if container has matching run ID label
 				if cont.Labels != nil && cont.Labels["hi.run-id"] == runID {
 					testRunContainers = append(testRunContainers, testContainer{
@@ -769,6 +738,17 @@ func extractContainerArtifacts(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containe
 		return fmt.Errorf("extracting logs: %w", err)
 	}

+	// Extract tar files for headscale containers only
+	if strings.HasPrefix(containerName, "hs-") {
+		err := extractContainerFiles(ctx, cli, containerID, containerName, logsDir, verbose)
+		if err != nil {
+			if verbose {
+				log.Printf("Warning: failed to extract files from %s: %v", containerName, err)
+			}
+			// Don't fail the whole extraction if files are missing
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

@@ -816,3 +796,12 @@ func extractContainerLogs(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID,

 	return nil
 }
+
+// extractContainerFiles extracts database file and directories from headscale containers.
+// Note: The actual file extraction is now handled by the integration tests themselves
+// via SaveProfile, SaveMapResponses, and SaveDatabase functions in hsic.go.
+func extractContainerFiles(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID, containerName, logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
+	// Files are now extracted directly by the integration tests
+	// This function is kept for potential future use or other file types
+	return nil
+}
@@ -5,25 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
-	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/integration/dockertestutil"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/integration/k3sic"
-)
-
-const (
-	statusPass = "PASS"
-	statusFail = "FAIL"
-	statusWarn = "WARN"
-
-	nameDockerDaemon  = "Docker Daemon"
-	nameDockerContext = "Docker Context"
-	nameDockerSocket  = "Docker Socket"
-	nameGolangImage   = "Golang Image"
-	nameK3sImage      = "K3s Image"
-	nameGoInstall     = "Go Installation"
 )

 var ErrSystemChecksFailed = errors.New("system checks failed")
@@ -36,21 +19,6 @@ type DoctorResult struct {
 	Suggestions []string
 }

-// pass builds a passing DoctorResult.
-func pass(name, message string) DoctorResult {
-	return DoctorResult{Name: name, Status: statusPass, Message: message}
-}
-
-// warn builds a warning DoctorResult with optional suggestions.
-func warn(name, message string, suggestions ...string) DoctorResult {
-	return DoctorResult{Name: name, Status: statusWarn, Message: message, Suggestions: suggestions}
-}
-
-// fail builds a failing DoctorResult with optional suggestions.
-func fail(name, message string, suggestions ...string) DoctorResult {
-	return DoctorResult{Name: name, Status: statusFail, Message: message, Suggestions: suggestions}
-}
-
 // runDoctorCheck performs comprehensive pre-flight checks for integration testing.
 func runDoctorCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
 	results := []DoctorResult{}
@@ -63,12 +31,10 @@ func runDoctorCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
 	results = append(results, dockerResult)

 	// If Docker is available, run additional checks
-	if dockerResult.Status == statusPass {
+	if dockerResult.Status == "PASS" {
 		results = append(results, checkDockerContext(ctx))
 		results = append(results, checkDockerSocket(ctx))
-		results = append(results, checkDockerHubCredentials())
 		results = append(results, checkGolangImage(ctx))
-		results = append(results, checkK3sImage(ctx))
 	}

 	// Check 3: Go installation
@@ -85,7 +51,7 @@ func runDoctorCheck(ctx context.Context) error {

 	// Return error if any critical checks failed
 	for _, result := range results {
-		if result.Status == statusFail {
+		if result.Status == "FAIL" {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w - see details above", ErrSystemChecksFailed)
 		}
 	}
@@ -99,115 +65,140 @@ func runDoctorCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
 func checkDockerBinary() DoctorResult {
 	_, err := exec.LookPath("docker")
 	if err != nil {
-		return fail(
-			"Docker Binary",
-			"Docker binary not found in PATH",
-			"Install Docker: https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/",
-			"For macOS: consider using colima or Docker Desktop",
-			"Ensure docker is in your PATH",
-		)
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Docker Binary",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: "Docker binary not found in PATH",
+			Suggestions: []string{
+				"Install Docker: https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/",
+				"For macOS: consider using colima or Docker Desktop",
+				"Ensure docker is in your PATH",
+			},
+		}
 	}

-	return pass("Docker Binary", "Docker binary found")
+	return DoctorResult{
+		Name:    "Docker Binary",
+		Status:  "PASS",
+		Message: "Docker binary found",
+	}
 }

 // checkDockerDaemon verifies Docker daemon is running and accessible.
 func checkDockerDaemon(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fail(
-			nameDockerDaemon,
-			fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create Docker client: %v", err),
-			"Start Docker daemon/service",
-			"Check Docker Desktop is running (if using Docker Desktop)",
-			"For colima: run 'colima start'",
-			"Verify DOCKER_HOST environment variable if set",
-		)
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Docker Daemon",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create Docker client: %v", err),
+			Suggestions: []string{
+				"Start Docker daemon/service",
+				"Check Docker Desktop is running (if using Docker Desktop)",
+				"For colima: run 'colima start'",
+				"Verify DOCKER_HOST environment variable if set",
+			},
+		}
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()

 	_, err = cli.Ping(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fail(
-			nameDockerDaemon,
-			fmt.Sprintf("Cannot ping Docker daemon: %v", err),
-			"Ensure Docker daemon is running",
-			"Check Docker socket permissions",
-			"Try: docker info",
-		)
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Docker Daemon",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot ping Docker daemon: %v", err),
+			Suggestions: []string{
+				"Ensure Docker daemon is running",
+				"Check Docker socket permissions",
+				"Try: docker info",
+			},
+		}
 	}

-	return pass(nameDockerDaemon, "Docker daemon is running and accessible")
+	return DoctorResult{
+		Name:    "Docker Daemon",
+		Status:  "PASS",
+		Message: "Docker daemon is running and accessible",
+	}
 }

 // checkDockerContext verifies Docker context configuration.
 func checkDockerContext(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 	contextInfo, err := getCurrentDockerContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return warn(
-			nameDockerContext,
-			"Could not detect Docker context, using default settings",
-			"Check: docker context ls",
-			"Consider setting up a specific context if needed",
-		)
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Docker Context",
+			Status:  "WARN",
+			Message: "Could not detect Docker context, using default settings",
+			Suggestions: []string{
+				"Check: docker context ls",
+				"Consider setting up a specific context if needed",
+			},
+		}
 	}

 	if contextInfo == nil {
-		return pass(nameDockerContext, "Using default Docker context")
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Docker Context",
+			Status:  "PASS",
+			Message: "Using default Docker context",
+		}
 	}

-	return pass(nameDockerContext, "Using Docker context: "+contextInfo.Name)
+	return DoctorResult{
+		Name:    "Docker Context",
+		Status:  "PASS",
+		Message: "Using Docker context: " + contextInfo.Name,
+	}
 }

 // checkDockerSocket verifies Docker socket accessibility.
 func checkDockerSocket(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fail(
-			nameDockerSocket,
-			fmt.Sprintf("Cannot access Docker socket: %v", err),
-			"Check Docker socket permissions",
-			"Add user to docker group: sudo usermod -aG docker $USER",
-			"For colima: ensure socket is accessible",
-		)
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Docker Socket",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot access Docker socket: %v", err),
+			Suggestions: []string{
+				"Check Docker socket permissions",
+				"Add user to docker group: sudo usermod -aG docker $USER",
+				"For colima: ensure socket is accessible",
+			},
+		}
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()

 	info, err := cli.Info(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fail(
-			nameDockerSocket,
-			fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get Docker info: %v", err),
-			"Check Docker daemon status",
-			"Verify socket permissions",
-		)
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Docker Socket",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get Docker info: %v", err),
+			Suggestions: []string{
+				"Check Docker daemon status",
+				"Verify socket permissions",
+			},
+		}
 	}

-	return pass(nameDockerSocket, fmt.Sprintf("Docker socket accessible (Server: %s)", info.ServerVersion))
-}
-
-// checkDockerHubCredentials warns when pulls would be anonymous and
-// therefore rate-limited.
-func checkDockerHubCredentials() DoctorResult {
-	_, _, source := dockertestutil.Credentials()
-	if source == dockertestutil.CredentialSourceAnonymous {
-		return warn(
-			"Docker Hub Credentials",
-			"No Docker Hub credentials found — pulls will be rate-limited (100/6h per IP)",
-			"Run: docker login",
-			"Or export DOCKERHUB_USERNAME and DOCKERHUB_TOKEN",
-			"In CI: ensure the docker/login-action step is configured with secrets",
-		)
+	return DoctorResult{
+		Name:    "Docker Socket",
+		Status:  "PASS",
+		Message: fmt.Sprintf("Docker socket accessible (Server: %s)", info.ServerVersion),
 	}
-
-	return pass("Docker Hub Credentials", fmt.Sprintf("Credentials available (source: %s)", source))
 }

 // checkGolangImage verifies the golang Docker image is available locally or can be pulled.
 func checkGolangImage(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fail(nameGolangImage, "Cannot create Docker client for image check")
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Golang Image",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: "Cannot create Docker client for image check",
+		}
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()

@@ -217,94 +208,81 @@ func checkGolangImage(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 	// First check if image is available locally
 	available, err := checkImageAvailableLocally(ctx, cli, imageName)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fail(
-			nameGolangImage,
-			fmt.Sprintf("Cannot check golang image %s: %v", imageName, err),
-			"Check Docker daemon status",
-			"Try: docker images | grep golang",
-		)
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Golang Image",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot check golang image %s: %v", imageName, err),
+			Suggestions: []string{
+				"Check Docker daemon status",
+				"Try: docker images | grep golang",
+			},
+		}
 	}

 	if available {
-		return pass(nameGolangImage, fmt.Sprintf("Golang image %s is available locally", imageName))
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Golang Image",
+			Status:  "PASS",
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Golang image %s is available locally", imageName),
+		}
 	}

 	// Image not available locally, try to pull it
 	err = ensureImageAvailable(ctx, cli, imageName, false)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fail(
-			nameGolangImage,
-			fmt.Sprintf("Golang image %s not available locally and cannot pull: %v", imageName, err),
-			"Check internet connectivity",
-			"Verify Docker Hub access",
-			"Try: docker pull "+imageName,
-			"Or run tests offline if image was pulled previously",
-		)
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Golang Image",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Golang image %s not available locally and cannot pull: %v", imageName, err),
+			Suggestions: []string{
+				"Check internet connectivity",
+				"Verify Docker Hub access",
+				"Try: docker pull " + imageName,
+				"Or run tests offline if image was pulled previously",
+			},
+		}
 	}

-	return pass(nameGolangImage, fmt.Sprintf("Golang image %s is now available", imageName))
-}
-
-// checkK3sImage verifies the ghcr k3s image used by TestK8sOperator is available
-// locally or can be pulled. The image is pinned (see [k3sic.K3sImage]).
-func checkK3sImage(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fail(nameK3sImage, "Cannot create Docker client for image check")
+	return DoctorResult{
+		Name:    "Golang Image",
+		Status:  "PASS",
+		Message: fmt.Sprintf("Golang image %s is now available", imageName),
 	}
-	defer cli.Close()
-
-	imageName := k3sic.K3sImage
-
-	available, err := checkImageAvailableLocally(ctx, cli, imageName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fail(
-			nameK3sImage,
-			fmt.Sprintf("Cannot check k3s image %s: %v", imageName, err),
-			"Check Docker daemon status",
-			"Try: docker images | grep k3s",
-		)
-	}
-
-	if available {
-		return pass(nameK3sImage, fmt.Sprintf("K3s image %s is available locally", imageName))
-	}
-
-	err = ensureImageAvailable(ctx, cli, imageName, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return warn(
-			nameK3sImage,
-			fmt.Sprintf("K3s image %s not available locally and could not pull: %v", imageName, err),
-			"Only TestK8sOperator needs this image; other tests are unaffected",
-			"Try: docker pull "+imageName,
-		)
-	}
-
-	return pass(nameK3sImage, fmt.Sprintf("K3s image %s is now available", imageName))
 }

 // checkGoInstallation verifies Go is installed and working.
 func checkGoInstallation(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 	_, err := exec.LookPath("go")
 	if err != nil {
-		return fail(
-			nameGoInstall,
-			"Go binary not found in PATH",
-			"Install Go: https://golang.org/dl/",
-			"Ensure go is in your PATH",
-		)
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Go Installation",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: "Go binary not found in PATH",
+			Suggestions: []string{
+				"Install Go: https://golang.org/dl/",
+				"Ensure go is in your PATH",
+			},
+		}
 	}

 	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "go", "version")

 	output, err := cmd.Output()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fail(nameGoInstall, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get Go version: %v", err))
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Go Installation",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get Go version: %v", err),
+		}
 	}

 	version := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))

-	return pass(nameGoInstall, version)
+	return DoctorResult{
+		Name:    "Go Installation",
+		Status:  "PASS",
+		Message: version,
+	}
 }

 // checkGitRepository verifies we're in a git repository.
@@ -313,19 +291,26 @@ func checkGitRepository(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {

 	err := cmd.Run()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fail(
-			"Git Repository",
-			"Not in a Git repository",
-			"Run from within the headscale git repository",
-			"Clone the repository: git clone https://github.com/juanfont/headscale.git",
-		)
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Git Repository",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: "Not in a Git repository",
+			Suggestions: []string{
+				"Run from within the headscale git repository",
+				"Clone the repository: git clone https://github.com/juanfont/headscale.git",
+			},
+		}
 	}

-	return pass("Git Repository", "Running in Git repository")
+	return DoctorResult{
+		Name:    "Git Repository",
+		Status:  "PASS",
+		Message: "Running in Git repository",
+	}
 }

 // checkRequiredFiles verifies required files exist.
-func checkRequiredFiles(_ context.Context) DoctorResult {
+func checkRequiredFiles(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 	requiredFiles := []string{
 		"go.mod",
 		"integration/",
@@ -335,23 +320,32 @@ func checkRequiredFiles(_ context.Context) DoctorResult {
 	var missingFiles []string

 	for _, file := range requiredFiles {
-		_, err := os.Stat(file)
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "test", "-e", file)
+
+		err := cmd.Run()
 		if err != nil {
 			missingFiles = append(missingFiles, file)
 		}
 	}

 	if len(missingFiles) > 0 {
-		return fail(
-			"Required Files",
-			"Missing required files: "+strings.Join(missingFiles, ", "),
-			"Ensure you're in the headscale project root directory",
-			"Check that integration/ directory exists",
-			"Verify this is a complete headscale repository",
-		)
+		return DoctorResult{
+			Name:    "Required Files",
+			Status:  "FAIL",
+			Message: "Missing required files: " + strings.Join(missingFiles, ", "),
+			Suggestions: []string{
+				"Ensure you're in the headscale project root directory",
+				"Check that integration/ directory exists",
+				"Verify this is a complete headscale repository",
+			},
+		}
 	}

-	return pass("Required Files", "All required files found")
+	return DoctorResult{
+		Name:    "Required Files",
+		Status:  "PASS",
+		Message: "All required files found",
+	}
 }

 // displayDoctorResults shows the results in a formatted way.
@@ -363,11 +357,11 @@ func displayDoctorResults(results []DoctorResult) {
 		var icon string

 		switch result.Status {
-		case statusPass:
+		case "PASS":
 			icon = "✅"
-		case statusWarn:
+		case "WARN":
 			icon = "⚠️"
-		case statusFail:
+		case "FAIL":
 			icon = "❌"
 		default:
 			icon = "❓"
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/creachadair/command"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/capver"
-)
-
-var (
-	errUnknownSet    = errors.New("unknown --set value (want must|all)")
-	errUnknownFormat = errors.New("unknown --format value (want space|newline|json)")
-)
-
-// ListVersionsConfig holds flags for the list-versions subcommand.
-type ListVersionsConfig struct {
-	Set     string `flag:"set,default=must,Version set: must|all"`
-	Exclude string `flag:"exclude,Comma-separated versions to exclude (e.g. head,unstable)"`
-	Format  string `flag:"format,default=space,Output format: space|newline|json"`
-}
-
-var listVersionsConfig ListVersionsConfig
-
-// listVersions prints the Tailscale versions used by integration tests
-// in a format CI can shell out to. Mirrors integration/scenario.go
-// AllVersions and MustTestVersions: "head" and "unstable" are bare
-// tags, releases get a "v" prefix so each entry can be appended to
-// "ghcr.io/tailscale/tailscale:" directly.
-func listVersions(env *command.Env) error {
-	release := capver.TailscaleLatestMajorMinor(capver.SupportedMajorMinorVersions, true)
-	all := append([]string{"head", "unstable"}, release...)
-	must := append(append([]string{}, all[0:4]...), all[len(all)-2:]...)
-
-	var versions []string
-
-	switch listVersionsConfig.Set {
-	case "must":
-		versions = must
-	case "all":
-		versions = all
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q", errUnknownSet, listVersionsConfig.Set)
-	}
-
-	excluded := make(map[string]bool)
-
-	if listVersionsConfig.Exclude != "" {
-		for v := range strings.SplitSeq(listVersionsConfig.Exclude, ",") {
-			excluded[strings.TrimSpace(v)] = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	out := make([]string, 0, len(versions))
-
-	for _, v := range versions {
-		if excluded[v] {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if v != "head" && v != "unstable" {
-			v = "v" + v
-		}
-
-		out = append(out, v)
-	}
-
-	switch listVersionsConfig.Format {
-	case "space":
-		fmt.Println(strings.Join(out, " "))
-	case "newline":
-		for _, v := range out {
-			fmt.Println(v)
-		}
-	case "json":
-		b, err := json.Marshal(out)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		fmt.Println(string(b))
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q", errUnknownFormat, listVersionsConfig.Format)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
@@ -29,13 +29,6 @@ func main() {
 					return runDoctorCheck(env.Context())
 				},
 			},
-			{
-				Name:     "list-versions",
-				Help:     "Print Tailscale versions used by integration tests",
-				Usage:    "list-versions [flags]",
-				SetFlags: command.Flags(flax.MustBind, &listVersionsConfig),
-				Run:      listVersions,
-			},
 			{
 				Name: "clean",
 				Help: "Clean Docker resources",
@@ -86,17 +79,20 @@ func main() {
 }

 func cleanAll(ctx context.Context) error {
-	for _, step := range []func(context.Context) error{
-		killTestContainers,
-		pruneDockerNetworks,
-		cleanOldImages,
-		cleanCacheVolume,
-	} {
-		err := step(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	err := killTestContainers(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}

-	return nil
+	err = pruneDockerNetworks(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = cleanOldImages(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return cleanCacheVolume(ctx)
 }
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/creachadair/command"
@@ -67,21 +66,64 @@ func runIntegrationTest(env *command.Env) error {

 // detectGoVersion reads the Go version from go.mod file.
 func detectGoVersion() string {
-	content, err := os.ReadFile("go.mod")
-	if err != nil {
-		content, err = os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("..", "..", "go.mod"))
-		if err != nil {
-			return "1.26.1"
-		}
+	goModPath := filepath.Join("..", "..", "go.mod")
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat("go.mod"); err == nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
+		goModPath = "go.mod"
+	} else if _, err := os.Stat("../../go.mod"); err == nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
+		goModPath = "../../go.mod"
 	}

-	for line := range strings.Lines(string(content)) {
-		if rest, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "go "); ok {
-			if f := strings.Fields(rest); len(f) > 0 {
-				return f[0]
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(goModPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "1.26.1"
+	}
+
+	lines := splitLines(string(content))
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		if len(line) > 3 && line[:3] == "go " {
+			version := line[3:]
+			if idx := indexOf(version, " "); idx != -1 {
+				version = version[:idx]
 			}
+
+			return version
 		}
 	}

 	return "1.26.1"
 }
+
+// splitLines splits a string into lines without using strings.Split.
+func splitLines(s string) []string {
+	var (
+		lines   []string
+		current string
+	)
+
+	for _, char := range s {
+		if char == '\n' {
+			lines = append(lines, current)
+			current = ""
+		} else {
+			current += string(char)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if current != "" {
+		lines = append(lines, current)
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+// indexOf finds the first occurrence of substr in s.
+func indexOf(s, substr string) int {
+	for i := 0; i <= len(s)-len(substr); i++ {
+		if s[i:i+len(substr)] == substr {
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+
+	return -1
+}
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 package main

 import (
-	"cmp"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
-	"slices"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) monitorDockerEvents(ctx context.Context, runID string,
 					continue
 				}

-				// Convert to [types.Container] format for consistency
+				// Convert to types.Container format for consistency
 				cont := types.Container{ //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: use container.Summary
 					ID:     containerInfo.ID,
 					Names:  []string{containerInfo.Name},
@@ -257,7 +256,7 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) collectStatsForContainer(ctx context.Context, containe

 			err := decoder.Decode(&stats)
 			if err != nil {
-				// [io.EOF] is expected when container stops or stream ends
+				// EOF is expected when container stops or stream ends
 				if err.Error() != "EOF" && verbose {
 					log.Printf("Failed to decode stats for container %s: %v", containerID[:12], err)
 				}
@@ -313,7 +312,7 @@ func calculateCPUPercent(prevStats, stats *container.Stats) float64 { //nolint:s
 		// Calculate CPU percentage: (container CPU delta / system CPU delta) * number of CPUs * 100
 		numCPUs := float64(len(stats.CPUStats.CPUUsage.PercpuUsage))
 		if numCPUs == 0 {
-			// Fallback: if [PercpuUsage] is not available, assume 1 CPU
+			// Fallback: if PercpuUsage is not available, assume 1 CPU
 			numCPUs = 1.0
 		}

@@ -375,24 +374,24 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) GetSummary() []ContainerStatsSummary {
 			SampleCount:   len(stats),
 		}

-		extract := func(get func(StatsSample) float64) []float64 {
-			values := make([]float64, len(stats))
-			for i, sample := range stats {
-				values[i] = get(sample)
-			}
+		// Calculate CPU stats
+		cpuValues := make([]float64, len(stats))
+		memoryValues := make([]float64, len(stats))

-			return values
+		for i, sample := range stats {
+			cpuValues[i] = sample.CPUUsage
+			memoryValues[i] = sample.MemoryMB
 		}

-		summary.CPU = calculateStatsSummary(extract(func(s StatsSample) float64 { return s.CPUUsage }))
-		summary.Memory = calculateStatsSummary(extract(func(s StatsSample) float64 { return s.MemoryMB }))
+		summary.CPU = calculateStatsSummary(cpuValues)
+		summary.Memory = calculateStatsSummary(memoryValues)

 		summaries = append(summaries, summary)
 	}

 	// Sort by container name for consistent output
-	slices.SortFunc(summaries, func(a, b ContainerStatsSummary) int {
-		return cmp.Compare(a.ContainerName, b.ContainerName)
+	sort.Slice(summaries, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return summaries[i].ContainerName < summaries[j].ContainerName
 	})

 	return summaries
@@ -409,8 +408,14 @@ func calculateStatsSummary(values []float64) StatsSummary {
 	sum := 0.0

 	for _, value := range values {
-		minVal = min(minVal, value)
-		maxVal = max(maxVal, value)
+		if value < minVal {
+			minVal = value
+		}
+
+		if value > maxVal {
+			maxVal = value
+		}
+
 		sum += value
 	}

@@ -1,221 +0,0 @@
-// vendorhash maintains the Nix SRI hash for the Go module vendor tree
-// and stores it in flakehashes.json alongside a content fingerprint of
-// go.mod and go.sum.
-//
-// Each block records its input fingerprint (goModSum) so that re-runs
-// with no input change are essentially free: the fast path is just a
-// sha256 over two small files. The vendor tree is only re-walked when
-// the fingerprint actually drifts.
-//
-// Subcommands:
-//
-//	vendorhash check   exit non-zero if flakehashes.json is stale
-//	vendorhash update  recompute and rewrite flakehashes.json
-//
-// The JSON schema and [goModFingerprint] algorithm mirror upstream
-// tailscale's tool/updateflakes so a future shared library extraction
-// is straightforward.
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-
-	"tailscale.com/cmd/nardump/nardump"
-)
-
-const (
-	hashesFile = "flakehashes.json"
-	goModFile  = "go.mod"
-	goSumFile  = "go.sum"
-)
-
-type FlakeHashes struct {
-	Vendor VendorBlock `json:"vendor"`
-}
-
-type VendorBlock struct {
-	GoModSum string `json:"goModSum"`
-	SRI      string `json:"sri"`
-}
-
-func main() {
-	if len(os.Args) < 2 {
-		usage()
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	var err error
-
-	switch os.Args[1] {
-	case "check":
-		err = cmdCheck(ctx)
-	case "update":
-		err = cmdUpdate(ctx)
-	case "-h", "--help", "help":
-		usage()
-		return
-	default:
-		usage()
-		os.Exit(2)
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, errStale) {
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "vendorhash:", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-}
-
-func usage() {
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "usage: vendorhash <check|update>")
-}
-
-// errStale signals to [main] that the check found a mismatch; it has
-// already printed a remediation message, so [main] should exit 1
-// silently.
-var errStale = errors.New("vendor hash stale")
-
-// cmdCheck verifies that flakehashes.json matches the current
-// go.mod/go.sum. The fast path (fingerprint unchanged) costs only
-// a sha256 over the two files. On mismatch, it computes the actual
-// SRI so the failure message gives the developer the value to paste
-// (or to run `vendorhash update`).
-func cmdCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
-	hashes, err := loadHashes()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	curFP, err := goModFingerprint()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if curFP == hashes.Vendor.GoModSum {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	curSRI, err := hashVendor(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "vendor hash is stale.")
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  expected goModSum: %s\n", hashes.Vendor.GoModSum)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "    actual goModSum: %s\n", curFP)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "       expected sri: %s\n", hashes.Vendor.SRI)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "         actual sri: %s\n", curSRI)
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "run: go run ./cmd/vendorhash update")
-	// Also emit machine-parseable lines so CI can pick them up.
-	fmt.Printf("expected_sri=%s\n", hashes.Vendor.SRI)
-	fmt.Printf("actual_sri=%s\n", curSRI)
-
-	return errStale
-}
-
-func cmdUpdate(ctx context.Context) error {
-	fp, err := goModFingerprint()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	sri, err := hashVendor(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return writeHashes(FlakeHashes{
-		Vendor: VendorBlock{
-			GoModSum: fp,
-			SRI:      sri,
-		},
-	})
-}
-
-// goModFingerprint returns a content fingerprint of go.mod and go.sum
-// that changes whenever either file changes. The byte layout matches
-// upstream tailscale's tool/updateflakes.
-func goModFingerprint() (string, error) {
-	h := sha256.New()
-
-	for _, f := range []string{goModFile, goSumFile} {
-		b, err := os.ReadFile(f)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-
-		fmt.Fprintf(h, "%s %d\n", f, len(b))
-		h.Write(b)
-	}
-
-	return "sha256-" + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil)), nil
-}
-
-// hashVendor runs `go mod vendor` into a temporary directory and
-// returns the Nix SRI hash of the resulting tree.
-func hashVendor(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
-	out, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "nar-vendor-")
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	// `go mod vendor -o` requires the destination to not already exist.
-	err = os.Remove(out)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	defer os.RemoveAll(out)
-
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "go", "mod", "vendor", "-o", out)
-
-	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GOWORK=off")
-	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-	err = cmd.Run()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("go mod vendor: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nardump.SRI(os.DirFS(out))
-}
-
-func loadHashes() (FlakeHashes, error) {
-	var h FlakeHashes
-
-	b, err := os.ReadFile(hashesFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return h, err
-	}
-
-	err = json.Unmarshal(b, &h)
-	if err != nil {
-		return h, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", hashesFile, err)
-	}
-
-	return h, nil
-}
-
-func writeHashes(h FlakeHashes) error {
-	b, err := json.MarshalIndent(h, "", "  ")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	b = append(b, '\n')
-
-	// flakehashes.json is committed source read by Nix during evaluation;
-	// world-readable matches every other tracked file in the repo.
-	return os.WriteFile(hashesFile, b, 0o644) //nolint:gosec
-}
@@ -20,15 +20,24 @@ listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:8080

 # Address to listen to /metrics and /debug, you may want
 # to keep this endpoint private to your internal network
-# Use an empty value to disable the metrics listener.
+# Use an emty value to disable the metrics listener.
 metrics_listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:9090

-# CIDR(s) of reverse proxies (e.g. 127.0.0.1/32) whose
-# True-Client-IP, X-Real-IP and X-Forwarded-For headers should
-# be honoured. Empty (default) ignores those headers; setting
-# this without a proxy in front lets clients spoof their logged
-# source IP.
-trusted_proxies: []
+# Address to listen for gRPC.
+# gRPC is used for controlling a headscale server
+# remotely with the CLI
+# Note: Remote access _only_ works if you have
+# valid certificates.
+#
+# For production:
+# grpc_listen_addr: 0.0.0.0:50443
+grpc_listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:50443
+
+# Allow the gRPC admin interface to run in INSECURE
+# mode. This is not recommended as the traffic will
+# be unencrypted. Only enable if you know what you
+# are doing.
+grpc_allow_insecure: false

 # The Noise section includes specific configuration for the
 # TS2021 Noise protocol
@@ -71,7 +80,8 @@ prefixes:
 # connection cannot be established.
 # https://tailscale.com/blog/how-tailscale-works/#encrypted-tcp-relays-derp
 #
-# Headscale needs a list of DERP servers that can be presented to the clients.
+# headscale needs a list of DERP servers that can be presented
+# to the clients.
 derp:
  server:
    # If enabled, runs the embedded DERP server and merges it into the rest of the DERP config
@@ -116,9 +126,9 @@ derp:

  # Locally available DERP map files encoded in YAML
  #
-  # This option is mostly interesting for people hosting their own DERP servers:
-  # https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/derp-servers/custom-derp-servers
-  # https://headscale.net/stable/ref/derp/
+  # This option is mostly interesting for people hosting
+  # their own DERP servers:
+  # https://tailscale.com/kb/1118/custom-derp-servers/
  #
  # paths:
  #   - /etc/headscale/derp-example.yaml
@@ -155,26 +165,6 @@ node:
    # Time before an inactive ephemeral node is deleted.
    inactivity_timeout: 30m

-  # HA subnet router health probing.
-  #
-  # When HA routes exist (2+ nodes advertising the same prefix), headscale
-  # pings each HA node every probe_interval via the Noise channel. If a node
-  # fails to respond within probe_timeout it is marked unhealthy and the
-  # primary role moves to the next healthy node. A node that later responds
-  # is marked healthy again but does NOT reclaim primary (avoids flapping).
-  #
-  # Worst-case detection time is probe_interval + probe_timeout (15s default).
-  # No-op when no HA routes exist. Set probe_interval to 0 to disable.
-  routes:
-    ha:
-      # How often to ping HA subnet routers. Set to 0 to disable probing.
-      # Must be >= 2s when enabled.
-      probe_interval: 10s
-
-      # How long to wait for a ping response before marking a node unhealthy.
-      # Must be >= 1s and less than probe_interval.
-      probe_timeout: 5s
-
 database:
  # Database type. Available options: sqlite, postgres
  # Please note that using Postgres is highly discouraged as it is only supported for legacy reasons.
@@ -230,12 +220,12 @@ database:
  #   ssl: false

 ### TLS configuration
-# See: https://headscale.net/stable/ref/tls/
-
-## Let's Encrypt / ACME
-# Headscale supports automatically requesting and setting up
+#
+## Let's encrypt / ACME
+#
+# headscale supports automatically requesting and setting up
 # TLS for a domain with Let's Encrypt.
-
+#
 # URL to ACME directory
 acme_url: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory

@@ -245,13 +235,15 @@ acme_email: ""
 # Domain name to request a TLS certificate for:
 tls_letsencrypt_hostname: ""

-# Path to store certificates and metadata needed by letsencrypt
+# Path to store certificates and metadata needed by
+# letsencrypt
+# For production:
 tls_letsencrypt_cache_dir: /var/lib/headscale/cache

 # Type of ACME challenge to use, currently supported types:
 # HTTP-01 or TLS-ALPN-01
+# See: docs/ref/tls.md for more information
 tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type: HTTP-01
-
 # When HTTP-01 challenge is chosen, letsencrypt must set up a
 # verification endpoint, and it will be listening on:
 # :http = port 80
@@ -269,25 +261,25 @@ log:
  format: text

 ## Policy
-# Headscale supports a wide range of Tailscale policy features such as ACLs and
-# Grants. Please have a look at their docs to better understand the concepts:
-# ACLs: https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/acls
-# Grants: https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/grants
+# headscale supports Tailscale's ACL policies.
+# Please have a look to their KB to better
+# understand the concepts: https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/
 policy:
  # The mode can be "file" or "database" that defines
-  # where the policies are stored and read from.
+  # where the ACL policies are stored and read from.
  mode: file
-
-  # If the mode is set to "file", the path to a HuJSON file containing policies.
+  # If the mode is set to "file", the path to a
+  # HuJSON file containing ACL policies.
  path: ""

 ## DNS
 #
 # headscale supports Tailscale's DNS configuration and MagicDNS.
-# Please have a look to their docs to better understand the concepts:
+# Please have a look to their KB to better understand the concepts:
 #
-# - https://tailscale.com/docs/features/magicdns
-# - https://tailscale.com/blog/2021-09-private-dns-with-magicdns
+# - https://tailscale.com/kb/1054/dns/
+# - https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns/
+# - https://tailscale.com/blog/2021-09-private-dns-with-magicdns/
 #
 # Please note that for the DNS configuration to have any effect,
 # clients must have the `--accept-dns=true` option enabled. This is the
@@ -297,12 +289,12 @@ policy:
 # Setting _any_ of the configuration and `--accept-dns=true` on the
 # clients will integrate with the DNS manager on the client or
 # overwrite /etc/resolv.conf.
-# https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/faq/dns-resolv-conf
+# https://tailscale.com/kb/1235/resolv-conf
 #
 # If you want stop Headscale from managing the DNS configuration
 # all the fields under `dns` should be set to empty values.
 dns:
-  # Whether to use MagicDNS
+  # Whether to use [MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns/).
  magic_dns: true

  # Defines the base domain to create the hostnames for MagicDNS.
@@ -324,11 +316,11 @@ dns:
      - 2606:4700:4700::1111
      - 2606:4700:4700::1001

-      # NextDNS (see https://tailscale.com/docs/integrations/nextdns).
+      # NextDNS (see https://tailscale.com/kb/1218/nextdns/).
      # "abc123" is example NextDNS ID, replace with yours.
      # - https://dns.nextdns.io/abc123

-    # Split DNS (see https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/dns-in-tailscale#restricted-nameservers),
+    # Split DNS (see https://tailscale.com/kb/1054/dns/),
    # a map of domains and which DNS server to use for each.
    split: {}
      # foo.bar.com:
@@ -343,7 +335,7 @@ dns:

  # Extra DNS records
  # so far only A and AAAA records are supported (on the tailscale side)
-  # See: https://headscale.net/stable/ref/dns/
+  # See: docs/ref/dns.md
  extra_records: []
  #   - name: "grafana.myvpn.example.com"
  #     type: "A"
@@ -362,7 +354,6 @@ unix_socket: /var/run/headscale/headscale.sock
 unix_socket_permission: "0770"

 # OpenID Connect
-# https://headscale.net/stable/ref/oidc/
 # oidc:
 #   # Block startup until the identity provider is available and healthy.
 #   only_start_if_oidc_is_available: true
@@ -434,32 +425,26 @@ unix_socket_permission: "0770"
 # Logtail is Tailscales logging and auditing infrastructure, it allows the
 # control panel to instruct tailscale nodes to log their activity to a remote
 # server. To disable logging on the client side, please refer to:
-# https://tailscale.com/docs/features/logging#opt-out-of-client-logging
+# https://tailscale.com/kb/1011/log-mesh-traffic#opting-out-of-client-logging
 logtail:
  # Enable logtail for tailscale nodes of this Headscale instance.
  # As there is currently no support for overriding the log server in Headscale, this is
  # disabled by default. Enabling this will make your clients send logs to Tailscale Inc.
  enabled: false

+# Enabling this option makes devices prefer a random port for WireGuard traffic over the
+# default static port 41641. This option is intended as a workaround for some buggy
+# firewall devices. See https://tailscale.com/kb/1181/firewalls/ for more information.
+randomize_client_port: false
+
 # Taildrop configuration
-# Taildrop is the file sharing feature of Tailscale, allowing nodes to
-# send files to each other.
-# https://tailscale.com/docs/features/taildrop
+# Taildrop is the file sharing feature of Tailscale, allowing nodes to send files to each other.
+# https://tailscale.com/kb/1106/taildrop/
 taildrop:
-  # Enable or disable Taildrop tailnet-wide. When disabled, headscale
-  # withholds `https://tailscale.com/cap/file-sharing` from every
-  # node's CapMap.
+  # Enable or disable Taildrop for all nodes.
+  # When enabled, nodes can send files to other nodes owned by the same user.
+  # Tagged devices and cross-user transfers are not permitted by Tailscale clients.
  enabled: true
-
-# Default node auto-update behaviour. When enabled, every node's
-# CapMap carries `default-auto-update: [true]` so clients that have
-# not made a local opt-in / opt-out choice run auto-updates by
-# default. Setting it back to false flips the default for future
-# clients; clients that already stored the value locally keep their
-# choice.
-auto_update:
-  enabled: false
-
 # Advanced performance tuning parameters.
 # The defaults are carefully chosen and should rarely need adjustment.
 # Only modify these if you have identified a specific performance issue.
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# If you plan to somehow use headscale, please deploy your own DERP infra.
-# See: https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/derp-servers/custom-derp-servers
+# If you plan to somehow use headscale, please deploy your own DERP infra: https://tailscale.com/kb/1118/custom-derp-servers/
 regions:
  1: null # Disable DERP region with ID 1
  900:
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ help to the community.

 Running headscale on a machine that is also in the tailnet can cause problems with subnet routers, traffic relay nodes, and MagicDNS. It might work, but it is not supported.

-## Why do two nodes see each other in their status, even if a policy rule allows traffic only in one direction?
+## Why do two nodes see each other in their status, even if an ACL allows traffic only in one direction?

 A frequent use case is to allow traffic only from one node to another, but not the other way around. For example, the
 workstation of an administrator should be able to connect to all nodes but the nodes themselves shouldn't be able to
@@ -142,25 +142,25 @@ connect back to the administrator's node. Why do all nodes see the administrator
 `tailscale status`?

 This is essentially how Tailscale works. If traffic is allowed to flow in one direction, then both nodes see each other
-in their output of `tailscale status`. Traffic is still filtered according to the policy, with the exception of
+in their output of `tailscale status`. Traffic is still filtered according to the ACL, with the exception of
 `tailscale ping` which is always allowed in either direction.

-See also <https://tailscale.com/docs/concepts/device-visibility>.
+See also <https://tailscale.com/kb/1087/device-visibility>.

 ## My policy is stored in the database and Headscale refuses to start due to an invalid policy. How can I recover?

 Headscale checks if the policy is valid during startup and refuses to start if it detects an error. The error message
 indicates which part of the policy is invalid. Follow these steps to fix your policy:

- Dump the policy to a file: `headscale policy get --bypass-server-and-access-database-directly > policy.json`
+- Dump the policy to a file: `headscale policy get --bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly > policy.json`
 - Edit and fixup `policy.json`. Use the command `headscale policy check --file policy.json` to validate the policy.
- Load the modified policy: `headscale policy set --bypass-server-and-access-database-directly --file policy.json`
+- Load the modified policy: `headscale policy set --bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly --file policy.json`
 - Start Headscale as usual.

 !!! warning "Full server configuration required"

    The above commands to get/set the policy require a complete server configuration file including database settings. A
-    minimal config to [control Headscale via remote CLI](../ref/api.md#remote-control) is not sufficient. You may use
+    minimal config to [control Headscale via remote CLI](../ref/api.md#grpc) is not sufficient. You may use
    `headscale -c /path/to/config.yaml` to specify the path to an alternative configuration file.

 ## How can I migrate back to the recommended IP prefixes?
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ following steps can be used to migrate from unsupported IP prefixes back to the
    SET ipv4=concat('100.64.', id/256, '.', id%256),
        ipv6=concat('fd7a:115c:a1e0::', format('%x', id));
    ```
- Update the [policy](../ref/policy.md) to reflect the IP address changes (if any)
+- Update the [policy](../ref/acls.md) to reflect the IP address changes (if any)
 - Start Headscale

 Nodes should reconnect within a few seconds and pickup their newly assigned IP addresses.
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ Nodes should reconnect within a few seconds and pickup their newly assigned IP a
 ## How can I avoid to send logs to Tailscale Inc?

 A Tailscale client [collects logs about its operation and connection attempts with other
-clients](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/logging#client-logs) and sends them to a central log service operated by
+clients](https://tailscale.com/kb/1011/log-mesh-traffic#client-logs) and sends them to a central log service operated by
 Tailscale Inc.

 Headscale, by default, instructs clients to disable log submission to the central log service. This configuration is
@@ -209,5 +209,5 @@ applied by a client once it successfully connected with Headscale. See the confi
 Alternatively, logging can also be disabled on the client side. This is independent of Headscale and opting out of
 client logging disables log submission early during client startup. The configuration is operating system specific and
 is usually achieved by setting the environment variable `TS_NO_LOGS_NO_SUPPORT=true` or by passing the flag
-`--no-logs-no-support` to `tailscaled`. See <https://tailscale.com/docs/features/logging#opt-out-of-client-logging> for
-details.
+`--no-logs-no-support` to `tailscaled`. See
+<https://tailscale.com/kb/1011/log-mesh-traffic#opting-out-of-client-logging> for details.
@@ -9,37 +9,30 @@ provides on overview of Headscale's feature and compatibility with the Tailscale
    - [x] [Web authentication](../ref/registration.md#web-authentication)
    - [x] [Pre authenticated key](../ref/registration.md#pre-authenticated-key)
 - [x] [DNS](../ref/dns.md)
-    - [x] [MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/magicdns)
-    - [x] [Global and restricted nameservers (split DNS)](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/dns-in-tailscale#nameservers)
-    - [x] [search domains](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/dns-in-tailscale#search-domains)
+    - [x] [MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns)
+    - [x] [Global and restricted nameservers (split DNS)](https://tailscale.com/kb/1054/dns#nameservers)
+    - [x] [search domains](https://tailscale.com/kb/1054/dns#search-domains)
    - [x] [Extra DNS records (Headscale only)](../ref/dns.md#setting-extra-dns-records)
- [x] File sharing
-    - [x] [Taildrive](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/taildrive)
-    - [x] [Taildrop](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/taildrop)
+- [x] [Taildrop (File Sharing)](https://tailscale.com/kb/1106/taildrop)
 - [x] [Tags](../ref/tags.md)
 - [x] [Routes](../ref/routes.md)
    - [x] [Subnet routers](../ref/routes.md#subnet-router)
    - [x] [Exit nodes](../ref/routes.md#exit-node)
-    - [x] [Route filtering with Via](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/grants/grants-via)
 - [x] Dual stack (IPv4 and IPv6)
 - [x] Ephemeral nodes
 - [x] Embedded [DERP server](../ref/derp.md)
- [x] [Peer relays](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/peer-relay)
- [x] [Policy](../ref/policy.md) ([GitHub label "policy"](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/labels/policy%20%F0%9F%93%9D))
-    - [x] ACLs
-    - [x] Grants
-    - [x] Some [Autogroups](../ref/policy.md#autogroups)
-    - [x] [Auto approvers](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#auto-approvers) for [subnet
+- [x] Access control lists ([GitHub label "policy"](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/labels/policy%20%F0%9F%93%9D))
+    - [x] ACL management via API
+    - [x] Some [Autogroups](https://tailscale.com/kb/1396/targets#autogroups), currently: `autogroup:internet`,
+      `autogroup:nonroot`, `autogroup:member`, `autogroup:tagged`, `autogroup:self`
+    - [x] [Auto approvers](https://tailscale.com/kb/1337/acl-syntax#auto-approvers) for [subnet
      routers](../ref/routes.md#automatically-approve-routes-of-a-subnet-router) and [exit
      nodes](../ref/routes.md#automatically-approve-an-exit-node-with-auto-approvers)
-    - [x] [Tailscale SSH](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-ssh)
-    - [x] [Node attributes](../ref/policy.md#node-attributes)
-    - [x] [Tests](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#tests) and
-      [sshTests](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#ssh-tests)
+    - [x] [Tailscale SSH](https://tailscale.com/kb/1193/tailscale-ssh)
 - [x] [Node registration using Single-Sign-On (OpenID Connect)](../ref/oidc.md) ([GitHub label "OIDC"](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/labels/OIDC))
    - [x] Basic registration
    - [x] Update user profile from identity provider
    - [ ] OIDC groups cannot be used in ACLs
- [ ] [Funnel](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-funnel) ([#1040](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1040))
- [ ] [Serve](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-serve) ([#1234](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1921))
- [ ] [Network flow logs](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/logging/network-flow-logs) ([#1687](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1687))
+- [ ] [Funnel](https://tailscale.com/kb/1223/funnel) ([#1040](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1040))
+- [ ] [Serve](https://tailscale.com/kb/1312/serve) ([#1234](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1921))
+- [ ] [Network flow logs](https://tailscale.com/kb/1219/network-flow-logs) ([#1687](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1687))
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ hide:

 Headscale is an open source, self-hosted implementation of the Tailscale control server.

-This page contains the documentation for the latest version of headscale. Please also check our [FAQ](about/faq.md).
+This page contains the documentation for the latest version of headscale. Please also check our [FAQ](./about/faq.md).

 Join our [Discord server](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx) for a chat and community support.

@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+Headscale implements the same policy ACLs as Tailscale.com, adapted to the self-hosted environment.
+
+For instance, instead of referring to users when defining groups you must
+use users (which are the equivalent to user/logins in Tailscale.com).
+
+Please check https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/ for further information.
+
+When using ACL's the User borders are no longer applied. All machines
+whichever the User have the ability to communicate with other hosts as
+long as the ACL's permits this exchange.
+
+## ACL Setup
+
+To enable and configure ACLs in Headscale, you need to specify the path to your ACL policy file in the `policy.path` key in `config.yaml`.
+
+Your ACL policy file must be formatted using [huJSON](https://github.com/tailscale/hujson).
+
+Info on how these policies are written can be found
+[here](https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/).
+
+Please reload or restart Headscale after updating the ACL file. Headscale may be reloaded either via its systemd service
+(`sudo systemctl reload headscale`) or by sending a SIGHUP signal (`sudo kill -HUP $(pidof headscale)`) to the main
+process. Headscale logs the result of ACL policy processing after each reload.
+
+## Simple Examples
+
+- [**Allow All**](https://tailscale.com/kb/1192/acl-samples#allow-all-default-acl): If you define an ACL file but completely omit the `"acls"` field from its content, Headscale will default to an "allow all" policy. This means all devices connected to your tailnet will be able to communicate freely with each other.
+
+    ```json
+    {}
+    ```
+
+- [**Deny All**](https://tailscale.com/kb/1192/acl-samples#deny-all): To prevent all communication within your tailnet, you can include an empty array for the `"acls"` field in your policy file.
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "acls": []
+    }
+    ```
+
+## Complex Example
+
+Let's build a more complex example use case for a small business (It may be the place where
+ACL's are the most useful).
+
+We have a small company with a boss, an admin, two developers and an intern.
+
+The boss should have access to all servers but not to the user's hosts. Admin
+should also have access to all hosts except that their permissions should be
+limited to maintaining the hosts (for example purposes). The developers can do
+anything they want on dev hosts but only watch on productions hosts. Intern
+can only interact with the development servers.
+
+There's an additional server that acts as a router, connecting the VPN users
+to an internal network `10.20.0.0/16`. Developers must have access to those
+internal resources.
+
+Each user have at least a device connected to the network and we have some
+servers.
+
+- database.prod
+- database.dev
+- app-server1.prod
+- app-server1.dev
+- billing.internal
+- router.internal
+
+![ACL implementation example](../assets/images/headscale-acl-network.png)
+
+When [registering the servers](../usage/getting-started.md#register-a-node) we
+will need to add the flag `--advertise-tags=tag:<tag1>,tag:<tag2>`, and the user
+that is registering the server should be allowed to do it. Since anyone can add
+tags to a server they can register, the check of the tags is done on headscale
+server and only valid tags are applied. A tag is valid if the user that is
+registering it is allowed to do it.
+
+Here are the ACL's to implement the same permissions as above:
+
+```json title="acl.json"
+{
+  // groups are collections of users having a common scope. A user can be in multiple groups
+  // groups cannot be composed of groups
+  "groups": {
+    "group:boss": ["boss@"],
+    "group:dev": ["dev1@", "dev2@"],
+    "group:admin": ["admin1@"],
+    "group:intern": ["intern1@"]
+  },
+  // tagOwners in tailscale is an association between a TAG and the people allowed to set this TAG on a server.
+  // This is documented [here](https://tailscale.com/kb/1068/acl-tags#defining-a-tag)
+  // and explained [here](https://tailscale.com/blog/rbac-like-it-was-meant-to-be/)
+  "tagOwners": {
+    // the administrators can add servers in production
+    "tag:prod-databases": ["group:admin"],
+    "tag:prod-app-servers": ["group:admin"],
+
+    // the boss can tag any server as internal
+    "tag:internal": ["group:boss"],
+
+    // dev can add servers for dev purposes as well as admins
+    "tag:dev-databases": ["group:admin", "group:dev"],
+    "tag:dev-app-servers": ["group:admin", "group:dev"]
+
+    // interns cannot add servers
+  },
+  // hosts should be defined using its IP addresses and a subnet mask.
+  // to define a single host, use a /32 mask. You cannot use DNS entries here,
+  // as they're prone to be hijacked by replacing their IP addresses.
+  // see https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/3800 for more information.
+  "hosts": {
+    "postgresql.internal": "10.20.0.2/32",
+    "webservers.internal": "10.20.10.1/29"
+  },
+  "acls": [
+    // boss have access to all servers
+    {
+      "action": "accept",
+      "src": ["group:boss"],
+      "dst": [
+        "tag:prod-databases:*",
+        "tag:prod-app-servers:*",
+        "tag:internal:*",
+        "tag:dev-databases:*",
+        "tag:dev-app-servers:*"
+      ]
+    },
+
+    // admin have only access to administrative ports of the servers, in tcp/22
+    {
+      "action": "accept",
+      "src": ["group:admin"],
+      "proto": "tcp",
+      "dst": [
+        "tag:prod-databases:22",
+        "tag:prod-app-servers:22",
+        "tag:internal:22",
+        "tag:dev-databases:22",
+        "tag:dev-app-servers:22"
+      ]
+    },
+
+    // we also allow admin to ping the servers
+    {
+      "action": "accept",
+      "src": ["group:admin"],
+      "proto": "icmp",
+      "dst": [
+        "tag:prod-databases:*",
+        "tag:prod-app-servers:*",
+        "tag:internal:*",
+        "tag:dev-databases:*",
+        "tag:dev-app-servers:*"
+      ]
+    },
+
+    // developers have access to databases servers and application servers on all ports
+    // they can only view the applications servers in prod and have no access to databases servers in production
+    {
+      "action": "accept",
+      "src": ["group:dev"],
+      "dst": [
+        "tag:dev-databases:*",
+        "tag:dev-app-servers:*",
+        "tag:prod-app-servers:80,443"
+      ]
+    },
+    // developers have access to the internal network through the router.
+    // the internal network is composed of HTTPS endpoints and Postgresql
+    // database servers.
+    {
+      "action": "accept",
+      "src": ["group:dev"],
+      "dst": ["10.20.0.0/16:443,5432"]
+    },
+
+    // servers should be able to talk to database in tcp/5432. Database should not be able to initiate connections to
+    // applications servers
+    {
+      "action": "accept",
+      "src": ["tag:dev-app-servers"],
+      "proto": "tcp",
+      "dst": ["tag:dev-databases:5432"]
+    },
+    {
+      "action": "accept",
+      "src": ["tag:prod-app-servers"],
+      "dst": ["tag:prod-databases:5432"]
+    },
+
+    // interns have access to dev-app-servers only in reading mode
+    {
+      "action": "accept",
+      "src": ["group:intern"],
+      "dst": ["tag:dev-app-servers:80,443"]
+    },
+
+    // Allow users to access their own devices using autogroup:self (see below for more details about performance impact)
+    {
+      "action": "accept",
+      "src": ["autogroup:member"],
+      "dst": ["autogroup:self:*"]
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+## Autogroups
+
+Headscale supports several autogroups that automatically include users, destinations, or devices with specific properties. Autogroups provide a convenient way to write ACL rules without manually listing individual users or devices.
+
+### `autogroup:internet`
+
+Allows access to the internet through [exit nodes](routes.md#exit-node). Can only be used in ACL destinations.
+
+```json
+{
+  "action": "accept",
+  "src": ["group:users"],
+  "dst": ["autogroup:internet:*"]
+}
+```
+
+### `autogroup:member`
+
+Includes all [personal (untagged) devices](registration.md/#identity-model).
+
+```json
+{
+  "action": "accept",
+  "src": ["autogroup:member"],
+  "dst": ["tag:prod-app-servers:80,443"]
+}
+```
+
+### `autogroup:tagged`
+
+Includes all devices that [have at least one tag](registration.md/#identity-model).
+
+```json
+{
+  "action": "accept",
+  "src": ["autogroup:tagged"],
+  "dst": ["tag:monitoring:9090"]
+}
+```
+
+### `autogroup:self`
+
+!!! warning "The current implementation of `autogroup:self` is inefficient"
+
+Includes devices where the same user is authenticated on both the source and destination. Does not include tagged devices. Can only be used in ACL destinations.
+
+```json
+{
+  "action": "accept",
+  "src": ["autogroup:member"],
+  "dst": ["autogroup:self:*"]
+}
+```
+
+*Using `autogroup:self` may cause performance degradation on the Headscale coordinator server in large deployments, as filter rules must be compiled per-node rather than globally and the current implementation is not very efficient.*
+
+If you experience performance issues, consider using more specific ACL rules or limiting the use of `autogroup:self`.
+
+```json
+{
+  // The following rules allow internal users to communicate with their
+  // own nodes in case autogroup:self is causing performance issues.
+  { "action": "accept", "src": ["boss@"], "dst": ["boss@:*"] },
+  { "action": "accept", "src": ["dev1@"], "dst": ["dev1@:*"] },
+  { "action": "accept", "src": ["dev2@"], "dst": ["dev2@:*"] },
+  { "action": "accept", "src": ["admin1@"], "dst": ["admin1@:*"] },
+  { "action": "accept", "src": ["intern1@"], "dst": ["intern1@:*"] }
+}
+```
+
+### `autogroup:nonroot`
+
+Used in Tailscale SSH rules to allow access to any user except root. Can only be used in the `users` field of SSH rules.
+
+```json
+{
+  "action": "accept",
+  "src": ["autogroup:member"],
+  "dst": ["autogroup:self"],
+  "users": ["autogroup:nonroot"]
+}
+```
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # API

-Headscale provides a [HTTP REST API](#rest-api) which may be used to integrate a [web
-interface](integration/web-ui.md), [remote control Headscale](#remote-control) or provide a base for custom
+Headscale provides a [HTTP REST API](#rest-api) and a [gRPC interface](#grpc) which may be used to integrate a [web
+interface](integration/web-ui.md), [remote control Headscale](#setup-remote-control) or provide a base for custom
 integration and tooling.

-The API requires a valid API key before use. To create an API key, log into your Headscale server and generate
+Both interfaces require a valid API key before use. To create an API key, log into your Headscale server and generate
 one with the default expiration of 90 days:

 ```shell
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ headscale apikeys expire --prefix <PREFIX>
 ## REST API

 - API endpoint: `/api/v1`, e.g. `https://headscale.example.com/api/v1`
- Documentation: `/api/v1/docs`, e.g. `https://headscale.example.com/api/v1/docs`
+- Documentation: `/swagger`, e.g. `https://headscale.example.com/swagger`
 - Headscale Version: `/version`, e.g. `https://headscale.example.com/version`
 - Authenticate using HTTP Bearer authentication by sending the [API key](#api) with the HTTP `Authorization: Bearer <API_KEY>` header.

 Start by [creating an API key](#api) and test it with the examples below. Read the API documentation provided by your
-Headscale server at `/api/v1/docs` for details.
+Headscale server at `/swagger` for details.

 === "Get details for all users"

@@ -54,18 +54,20 @@ Headscale server at `/api/v1/docs` for details.

    ```console
    curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <API_KEY>" \
-        --json '{"user": "<USER>", "authId": "<AUTH_ID>"}' \
+        --json '{"user": "<USER>", "authId": "AUTH_ID>"}' \
        https://headscale.example.com/api/v1/auth/register
    ```

-## Remote control
+## gRPC

-The `headscale` binary can control a Headscale instance from a remote machine over the HTTP API.
+The gRPC interface can be used to control a Headscale instance from a remote machine with the `headscale` binary.

 ### Prerequisite

 - A workstation to run `headscale` (any supported platform, e.g. Linux).
- The Headscale server reachable over HTTP(S).
+- A Headscale server with gRPC enabled.
+- Connections to the gRPC port (default: `50443`) are allowed.
+- Remote access requires an encrypted connection via TLS.
 - An [API key](#api) to authenticate with the Headscale server.

 ### Setup remote control
@@ -86,20 +88,19 @@ The `headscale` binary can control a Headscale instance from a remote machine ov

        ```yaml title="config.yaml"
        cli:
-            address: <HEADSCALE_URL>
+            address: <HEADSCALE_ADDRESS>:<PORT>
            api_key: <API_KEY>
        ```

    === "Environment variables"

        ```shell
-        export HEADSCALE_CLI_ADDRESS="<HEADSCALE_URL>"
+        export HEADSCALE_CLI_ADDRESS="<HEADSCALE_ADDRESS>:<PORT>"
        export HEADSCALE_CLI_API_KEY="<API_KEY>"
        ```

-    This instructs the `headscale` binary to connect to a remote instance at `<HEADSCALE_URL>` (e.g.
-    `https://headscale.example.com`), instead of connecting to the local instance. A bare host without a scheme is
-    assumed to be `https`.
+    This instructs the `headscale` binary to connect to a remote instance at `<HEADSCALE_ADDRESS>:<PORT>`, instead of
+    connecting to the local instance.

 1. Test the connection by listing all nodes:

@@ -112,12 +113,15 @@ The `headscale` binary can control a Headscale instance from a remote machine ov

 ### Behind a proxy

-The remote CLI uses the same HTTP API as everything else, so it works through the reverse proxy already in front of
-Headscale with no extra setup.
+It's possible to run the gRPC remote endpoint behind a reverse proxy, like Nginx, and have it run on the _same_ port as Headscale.
+
+While this is _not a supported_ feature, an example on how this can be set up on
+[NixOS is shown here](https://github.com/kradalby/dotfiles/blob/4489cdbb19cddfbfae82cd70448a38fde5a76711/machines/headscale.oracldn/headscale.nix#L61-L91).

 ### Troubleshooting

 - Make sure you have the _same_ Headscale version on your server and workstation.
+- Ensure that connections to the gRPC port are allowed.
 - Verify that your TLS certificate is valid and trusted.
 - If you don't have access to a trusted certificate (e.g. from Let's Encrypt), either:
    - Add your self-signed certificate to the trust store of your OS _or_
@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@
 Headscale and Tailscale provide debug and introspection capabilities that can be helpful when things don't work as
 expected. This page explains some debugging techniques to help pinpoint problems.

-Please also have a look at [Tailscale's Troubleshooting guide](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/troubleshooting). It
-offers a many tips and suggestions to troubleshoot common issues.
+Please also have a look at [Tailscale's Troubleshooting guide](https://tailscale.com/kb/1023/troubleshooting). It offers
+a many tips and suggestions to troubleshoot common issues.

 ## Tailscale

 The Tailscale client itself offers many commands to introspect its state as well as the state of the network:

- [Check local network conditions](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/tailscale-cli#netcheck): `tailscale netcheck`
- [Get the client status](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/tailscale-cli#status): `tailscale status --json`
- [Get DNS status](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/tailscale-cli#dns): `tailscale dns status --all`
+- [Check local network conditions](https://tailscale.com/kb/1080/cli#netcheck): `tailscale netcheck`
+- [Get the client status](https://tailscale.com/kb/1080/cli#status): `tailscale status --json`
+- [Get DNS status](https://tailscale.com/kb/1080/cli#dns): `tailscale dns status --all`
 - Client logs: `tailscale debug daemon-logs`
 - Client netmap: `tailscale debug netmap`
 - Test DERP connection: `tailscale debug derp headscale`
@@ -53,19 +53,19 @@ Headscale provides a metrics and debug endpoint. It allows to introspect differe

 - Information about the Go runtime, memory usage and statistics
 - Connected nodes and pending registrations
- Active policy, filters and SSH policy
+- Active ACLs, filters and SSH policy
 - Current DERPMap
 - Prometheus metrics

 !!! warning "Keep the metrics and debug endpoint private"

    The listen address and port can be configured with the `metrics_listen_addr` variable in the [configuration
-    file](configuration.md). By default it listens on localhost, port 9090.
+    file](./configuration.md). By default it listens on localhost, port 9090.

    Keep the metrics and debug endpoint private to your internal network and don't expose it to the Internet.

    The metrics and debug interface can be disabled completely by setting `metrics_listen_addr: null` in the
-    [configuration file](configuration.md).
+    [configuration file](./configuration.md).

 Query metrics via <http://localhost:9090/metrics> and get an overview of available debug information via
 <http://localhost:9090/debug/>. Metrics may be queried from outside localhost but the debug interface is subject to
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 # DERP

-A [DERP (Designated Encrypted Relay for Packets) server](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/derp-servers) is mainly
-used to relay traffic between two nodes in case a direct connection can't be established. Headscale provides an embedded
-DERP server to ensure seamless connectivity between nodes.
+A [DERP (Designated Encrypted Relay for Packets) server](https://tailscale.com/kb/1232/derp-servers) is mainly used to
+relay traffic between two nodes in case a direct connection can't be established. Headscale provides an embedded DERP
+server to ensure seamless connectivity between nodes.

 ## Configuration

-DERP related settings are configured within the `derp` section of the [configuration file](configuration.md). The
-following sections only use a few of the available settings, check the [example configuration](configuration.md) for
+DERP related settings are configured within the `derp` section of the [configuration file](./configuration.md). The
+following sections only use a few of the available settings, check the [example configuration](./configuration.md) for
 all available configuration options.

 ### Enable embedded DERP
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ traversal. [Check DERP server connectivity](#check-derp-server-connectivity) to
 ### Remove Tailscale's DERP servers

 Once enabled, Headscale's embedded DERP is added to the list of free-to-use [DERP
-servers](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/derp-servers) offered by Tailscale Inc. To only use Headscale's embedded
-DERP server, disable the loading of the default DERP map:
+servers](https://tailscale.com/kb/1232/derp-servers) offered by Tailscale Inc. To only use Headscale's embedded DERP
+server, disable the loading of the default DERP map:

 ```yaml title="config.yaml" hl_lines="6"
 derp:
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ maps fetched via URL or to offer your own, custom DERP servers to nodes.

 === "Remove specific DERP regions"

-    The free-to-use [DERP servers](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/derp-servers) are organized into regions via a
-    region ID. You can explicitly disable a specific region by setting its region ID to `null`. The following sample
+    The free-to-use [DERP servers](https://tailscale.com/kb/1232/derp-servers) are organized into regions via a region
+    ID. You can explicitly disable a specific region by setting its region ID to `null`. The following sample
    `derp.yaml` disables the New York DERP region (which has the region ID 1):

    ```yaml title="derp.yaml"
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ Any Tailscale client may be used to introspect the DERP map and to check for con
 - Check connectivity with the embedded DERP[^1]:`tailscale debug derp headscale`

 Additional DERP related metrics and information is available via the [metrics and debug
-endpoint](debug.md#metrics-and-debug-endpoint).
+endpoint](./debug.md#metrics-and-debug-endpoint).

 ## Limitations

@@ -171,4 +171,4 @@ endpoint](debug.md#metrics-and-debug-endpoint).
  endpoint via HTTP on port tcp/80.
 - There are no speed or throughput optimisations, the main purpose is to assist in node connectivity.

-[^1]: This assumes that the default region code of the [configuration file](configuration.md) is used.
+[^1]: This assumes that the default region code of the [configuration file](./configuration.md) is used.
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 # DNS

 Headscale supports [most DNS features](../about/features.md) from Tailscale. DNS related settings can be configured
-within the `dns` section of the [configuration file](configuration.md).
+within the `dns` section of the [configuration file](./configuration.md).

 ## Setting extra DNS records

 Headscale allows to set extra DNS records which are made available via
-[MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/magicdns). Extra DNS records can be configured either via static entries
-in the [configuration file](configuration.md) or from a JSON file that Headscale continuously watches for changes:
+[MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns). Extra DNS records can be configured either via static entries in the
+[configuration file](./configuration.md) or from a JSON file that Headscale continuously watches for changes:

- Use the `dns.extra_records` option in the [configuration file](configuration.md) for entries that are static and
+- Use the `dns.extra_records` option in the [configuration file](./configuration.md) for entries that are static and
  don't change while Headscale is running. Those entries are processed when Headscale is starting up and changes to the
  configuration require a restart of Headscale.
 - For dynamic DNS records that may be added, updated or removed while Headscale is running or DNS records that are
-  generated by scripts the option `dns.extra_records_path` in the [configuration file](configuration.md) is useful.
+  generated by scripts the option `dns.extra_records_path` in the [configuration file](./configuration.md) is useful.
  Set it to the absolute path of the JSON file containing DNS records and Headscale processes this file as it detects
  changes.

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ hostname and port combination "http://hostname-in-magic-dns.myvpn.example.com:30

        !!! tip "Good to know"

-            - The `dns.extra_records_path` option in the [configuration file](configuration.md) needs to reference the
+            - The `dns.extra_records_path` option in the [configuration file](./configuration.md) needs to reference the
              JSON file containing extra DNS records.
            - Be sure to "sort keys" and produce a stable output in case you generate the JSON file with a script.
              Headscale uses a checksum to detect changes to the file and a stable output avoids unnecessary processing.
@@ -1,183 +1,90 @@
-# Running Headscale behind a reverse proxy
+# Running headscale behind a reverse proxy

 !!! warning "Community documentation"

-    This page is not actively maintained by the Headscale authors and is
-    written by community members. It is _not_ verified by Headscale developers.
+    This page is not actively maintained by the headscale authors and is
+    written by community members. It is _not_ verified by headscale developers.

    **It might be outdated and it might miss necessary steps**.

-Running Headscale behind a reverse proxy is useful when running multiple applications on the same server, and you want
-to reuse the same external IP and port - usually tcp/443 for HTTPS.
+Running headscale behind a reverse proxy is useful when running multiple applications on the same server, and you want to reuse the same external IP and port - usually tcp/443 for HTTPS.

-Please see [limitations](#limitations) for known issues and limitations.
+### WebSockets

-## Configuration
+The reverse proxy MUST be configured to support WebSockets to communicate with Tailscale clients.

-The configuration depends on the set of Headscale features you intend to use. Please have a look at the
-[requirements](../../setup/requirements.md) and especially the [ports in use](../../setup/requirements.md#ports-in-use)
-section to learn what a Tailscale clients expects.
-
-The configuration examples in this documentation are basic and cover only HTTP and HTTPS traffic. Other features such as
-STUN for Headscale's [embedded DERP server](../derp.md) are expected to be exposed directly or to be only available on
-localhost.
-
-### WebSocket
-
-Tailscale clients are using a custom protocol (Tailscale Control Protocol) to communicate with a control server such as
-Headscale. The reverse proxy **must** be configured to support WebSockets in order to communicate with Tailscale clients
-and it needs to handle two peculiarities of the Tailscale Control Protocol:
-
- The POST method is used to upgrade the WebSocket connection.
- The value for the `Upgrade` header is `tailscale-control-protocol`.
-
-### TLS
-
-Headscale can be configured not to use TLS, leaving it to the reverse proxy to handle. Add the following configuration
-values to your Headscale [configuration file](../configuration.md):
-
-```yaml title="config.yaml" hl_lines="1"
-server_url: https://<SERVER_NAME>
-tls_cert_path: ""
-tls_key_path: ""
-```
-
-Headscale logs `WRN listening without TLS but ServerURL does not start with http://` during startup. This is expected
-and indicates that the reverse proxy is in charge of terminating TLS.
-
-### Trusted proxies
-
-Headscale ignores `True-Client-IP`, `X-Real-IP` and `X-Forwarded-For` headers unless the request's TCP peer matches the
-`trusted_proxies` configuration option. Set this to the CIDR(s) your reverse proxy connects from so the real client IP
-appears in access logs.
-
-```yaml title="config.yaml"
-trusted_proxies:
-  - 127.0.0.1/32
-  - ::1/128
-```
-
-The reverse proxy is responsible to replace any client-supplied `True-Client-IP`, `X-Real-IP`, `X-Forwarded-For` headers
-on inbound requests with sanitized values. Headscale picks the first valid IP address supplied by headers in this order:
-
- `True-Client-IP`
- `X-Real-IP`
- `X-Forwarded-For`
-
-## Limitations
-
- A reverse proxy adds another layer of complexity that needs to be able to handle the [Tailscale Control
-  Protocol](#websocket) properly. Be sure to test your setup without a reverse proxy before raising an issue.
- STUN (used along with the [embedded DERP server](../derp.md)) requires udp/3478 to be served publicly.
-
-## Reverse proxy specific configuration
-
-!!! warning "Third-party software and services"
-
-    This section of the documentation is specific for third-party software and services. We recommend users read the
-    third-party documentation for a secure configuration.
-
-This following Headscale configuration may be used as base for the various reverse proxy examples below. The following
-is [assumed](../../setup/requirements.md):
-
- Service for Tailscale clients is served via HTTPS on port 443.
- The reverse proxy redirects HTTP to HTTPS and is terminating TLS.
- Both Headscale and the reverse proxy are running on the same host.
- [Metrics](../debug.md#metrics-and-debug-endpoint) are not proxied, those are available via localhost.
-
-```yaml title="config.yaml" hl_lines="1"
-server_url: https://<SERVER_NAME>
-listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:8080
-metrics_listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:9090
-trusted_proxies:
-  - 127.0.0.1/32
-  - ::1/128
-tls_cert_path: ""
-tls_key_path: ""
-```
-
-### Apache
-
-The following basic Apache configuration works with the Headscale configuration [as shown
-above](#reverse-proxy-specific-configuration). Substitute placeholders and adjust the configuration as needed:
-
- `<SERVER_NAME>`: The server name for your instance, e.g. `headscale.example.com`
- `<PATH_TO_TLS_CERT>`: Absolute path to your TLS certificate
- `<PATH_TO_TLS_KEY>`: Absolute path to your TLS private key
-
-```apache title="apache.conf" hl_lines="2 7 11 14-15"
-<VirtualHost *:80>
-  ServerName <SERVER_NAME>
-
-  # Tailscale captive portal detection
-  RedirectMatch 204 ^/generate_204$
-
-  RedirectMatch permanent "^/(.*)$" "https://<SERVER_NAME>/$1"
-</VirtualHost>
-
-<VirtualHost *:443>
-  ServerName <SERVER_NAME>
-
-  SSLEngine On
-  SSLCertificateFile <PATH_TO_TLS_CERT>
-  SSLCertificateKeyFile <PATH_TO_TLS_KEY>
-
-  RequestHeader set True-Client-IP "%{REMOTE_ADDR}s"
-  RequestHeader set X-Real-IP "%{REMOTE_ADDR}s"
-
-  ProxyPreserveHost On
-  ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:8080/ upgrade=any
-</VirtualHost>
-```
-
-Note that `upgrade=any` is required as a parameter for `ProxyPass` so that WebSocket traffic whose `Upgrade` header
-value is not equal to `WebSocket` (i. e. Tailscale Control Protocol) is forwarded correctly. See the [Apache
-docs](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_proxy.html#upgrade) for more information on this.
-
-### Caddy
-
-The following basic Caddyfile works with the Headscale configuration [as shown
-above](#reverse-proxy-specific-configuration). Substitute placeholders and adjust the configuration as needed:
-
- `<SERVER_NAME>`: The server name for your instance, e.g. `headscale.example.com`
-
-```none title="Caddyfile" hl_lines="1 12"
-http://<SERVER_NAME> {
-	# Tailscale captive portal detection
-	handle /generate_204 {
-		respond 204
-	}
-
-	handle * {
-		redir https://{host}{uri}
-	}
-}
-
-<SERVER_NAME> {
-	reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:8080 {
-		header_up True-Client-IP {remote_host}
-		header_up X-Real-IP {remote_host}
-	}
-}
-```
-
-Caddy will [automatically](https://caddyserver.com/docs/automatic-https) provision a certificate for your
-domain/subdomain, force HTTPS, and proxy WebSocket connections.
+WebSockets support is also required when using the Headscale [embedded DERP server](../derp.md). In this case, you will also need to expose the UDP port used for STUN (by default, udp/3478). Please check our [config-example.yaml](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/main/config-example.yaml).

 ### Cloudflare

-Running Headscale behind a Cloudflare Proxy or Cloudflare Tunnel is not supported and will not work as Cloudflare does
-not support [WebSocket POSTs as required by the Tailscale protocol](#websocket). See [issue
-1468](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1468) for more information.
+Running headscale behind a cloudflare proxy or cloudflare tunnel is not supported and will not work as Cloudflare does not support WebSocket POSTs as required by the Tailscale protocol. See [this issue](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1468)
+
+### TLS
+
+Headscale can be configured not to use TLS, leaving it to the reverse proxy to handle. Add the following configuration values to your headscale config file.
+
+```yaml title="config.yaml"
+server_url: https://<YOUR_SERVER_NAME> # This should be the FQDN at which headscale will be served
+listen_addr: 0.0.0.0:8080
+metrics_listen_addr: 0.0.0.0:9090
+tls_cert_path: ""
+tls_key_path: ""
+```
+
+## nginx
+
+The following example configuration can be used in your nginx setup, substituting values as necessary. `<IP:PORT>` should be the IP address and port where headscale is running. In most cases, this will be `http://localhost:8080`.
+
+```nginx title="nginx.conf"
+map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
+    default      upgrade;
+    ''           close;
+}
+
+server {
+    listen 80;
+	listen [::]:80;
+
+	listen 443      ssl http2;
+	listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
+
+    server_name <YOUR_SERVER_NAME>;
+
+    ssl_certificate <PATH_TO_CERT>;
+    ssl_certificate_key <PATH_CERT_KEY>;
+    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
+
+    location / {
+        proxy_pass http://<IP:PORT>;
+        proxy_http_version 1.1;
+        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
+        proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
+        proxy_set_header Host $server_name;
+        proxy_redirect http:// https://;
+        proxy_buffering off;
+        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains" always;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## istio/envoy
+
+If you using [Istio](https://istio.io/) ingressgateway or [Envoy](https://www.envoyproxy.io/) as reverse proxy, there are some tips for you. If not set, you may see some debug log in proxy as below:
+
+```log
+Sending local reply with details upgrade_failed
+```

 ### Envoy

-You need to add a new upgrade_type named `tailscale-control-protocol`. [See
-details](https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/api-v3/extensions/filters/network/http_connection_manager/v3/http_connection_manager.proto#extensions-filters-network-http-connection-manager-v3-httpconnectionmanager-upgradeconfig).
+You need to add a new upgrade_type named `tailscale-control-protocol`. [see details](https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/api-v3/extensions/filters/network/http_connection_manager/v3/http_connection_manager.proto#extensions-filters-network-http-connection-manager-v3-httpconnectionmanager-upgradeconfig)

 ### Istio

-Same as [envoy](#envoy), we can use `EnvoyFilter` to add a new upgrade_type named `tailscale-control-protocol`.
+Same as envoy, we can use `EnvoyFilter` to add upgrade_type.

 ```yaml
 apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
@@ -202,68 +109,33 @@ spec:
              - upgrade_type: tailscale-control-protocol
 ```

-### Nginx
+## Caddy

-The following basic Nginx configuration works with the Headscale configuration [as shown
-above](#reverse-proxy-specific-configuration). Substitute placeholders and adjust the configuration as needed:
+The following Caddyfile is all that is necessary to use Caddy as a reverse proxy for headscale, in combination with the `config.yaml` specifications above to disable headscale's built in TLS. Replace values as necessary - `<YOUR_SERVER_NAME>` should be the FQDN at which headscale will be served, and `<IP:PORT>` should be the IP address and port where headscale is running. In most cases, this will be `localhost:8080`.

- `<SERVER_NAME>`: The server name for your instance, e.g. `headscale.example.com`
- `<PATH_TO_TLS_CERT>`: Absolute path to your TLS certificate
- `<PATH_TO_TLS_KEY>`: Absolute path to your TLS private key
-
-```nginx title="nginx.conf" hl_lines="19 37 39-40"
-# headscale
-upstream headscale {
-  zone upstreams 64K;
-  server 127.0.0.1:8080 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=5s;
-  keepalive 2;
-}
-
-# websocket
-map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
-  default keep-alive;
-  ''      close;
-}
-
-# http
-server {
-  listen 80;
-  listen [::]:80;
-
-  server_name <SERVER_NAME>;
-
-  # Tailscale captive portal detection
-  location = /generate_204 {
-    return 204;
-  }
-
-  location / {
-    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
-  }
-}
-
-# https
-server {
-  listen 443 ssl;
-  listen [::]:443 ssl;
-  http2 on;
-
-  server_name <SERVER_NAME>;
-
-  ssl_certificate <PATH_TO_TLS_CERT>;
-  ssl_certificate_key <PATH_TO_TLS_KEY>;
-
-  location / {
-    proxy_http_version 1.1;
-    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
-    proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
-    proxy_set_header Host $host;
-    proxy_set_header True-Client-IP $remote_addr;
-    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
-    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
-    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
-    proxy_buffering off;
-    proxy_pass http://headscale;
-  }
+```none title="Caddyfile"
+<YOUR_SERVER_NAME> {
+    reverse_proxy <IP:PORT>
 }
 ```
+
+Caddy v2 will [automatically](https://caddyserver.com/docs/automatic-https) provision a certificate for your domain/subdomain, force HTTPS, and proxy websockets - no further configuration is necessary.
+
+For a slightly more complex configuration which utilizes Docker containers to manage Caddy, headscale, and Headscale-UI, [Guru Computing's guide](https://blog.gurucomputing.com.au/smart-vpns-with-headscale/) is an excellent reference.
+
+## Apache
+
+The following minimal Apache config will proxy traffic to the headscale instance on `<IP:PORT>`. Note that `upgrade=any` is required as a parameter for `ProxyPass` so that WebSockets traffic whose `Upgrade` header value is not equal to `WebSocket` (i. e. Tailscale Control Protocol) is forwarded correctly. See the [Apache docs](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_proxy_wstunnel.html) for more information on this.
+
+```apache title="apache.conf"
+<VirtualHost *:443>
+	ServerName <YOUR_SERVER_NAME>
+
+	ProxyPreserveHost On
+	ProxyPass / http://<IP:PORT>/ upgrade=any
+
+	SSLEngine On
+	SSLCertificateFile <PATH_TO_CERT>
+	SSLCertificateKeyFile <PATH_CERT_KEY>
+</VirtualHost>
+```
@@ -19,11 +19,8 @@ Headscale doesn't provide a built-in web interface but users may pick one from t
  it offers Local (`docker exec`) and API Mode
 - [headscale-console](https://github.com/rickli-cloud/headscale-console) - WebAssembly-based client supporting SSH, VNC
  and RDP with optional self-service capabilities
- [headscale-piying](https://github.com/wszgrcy/headscale-piying) - headscale web ui, support visual ACL configuration
+- [headscale-piying](https://github.com/wszgrcy/headscale-piying) - headscale web ui,support visual ACL configuration
 - [HeadControl](https://github.com/ahmadzip/HeadControl) - Minimal Headscale admin dashboard, built with Go and HTMX
 - [Headscale Manager](https://github.com/hkdone/headscalemanager) - Headscale UI for Android
- [Headscale UI](https://github.com/MunMunMiao/headscale-ui) - Headscale UI online and Self-hosting
- [Headscale Panel](https://github.com/headscale-panel/panel) - A modern Headscale management panel with a clean,
-  network-operations-focused UI

 You can ask for support on our [Discord server](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx) in the "web-interfaces" channel.
@@ -214,14 +214,14 @@ You may refer to users in the Headscale policy via:
    {
      "groups": {
        "group:alice": [
-          "https://sso.example.com/oauth2/openid/59ac9125-c31b-46c5-814e-06242908cf57@"
+          "https://soo.example.com/oauth2/openid/59ac9125-c31b-46c5-814e-06242908cf57@"
        ]
      },
-      "grants": [
+      "acls": [
        {
+          "action": "accept",
          "src": ["group:alice"],
-          "dst": ["*"],
-          "ip": ["*"]
+          "dst": ["*:*"]
        }
      ]
    }
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ endpoint.

 - Support for OpenID Connect aims to be generic and vendor independent. It offers only limited support for quirks of
  specific identity providers.
- OIDC groups cannot be used in policy rules.
+- OIDC groups cannot be used in ACLs.
 - The username provided by the identity provider needs to adhere to this pattern:
    - The username must be at least two characters long.
    - It must only contain letters, digits, hyphens, dots, underscores, and up to a single `@`.
@@ -283,9 +283,9 @@ Authelia is fully supported by Headscale.

 ### Google OAuth

-!!! warning "No username due to missing preferred_username claim"
+!!! warning "No username due to missing preferred_username"

-    Google OAuth does not send the `preferred_username` claim when the `profile` scope is requested. The username in
+    Google OAuth does not send the `preferred_username` claim when the scope `profile` is requested. The username in
    Headscale will be blank/not set.

 In order to integrate Headscale with Google, you'll need to have a [Google Cloud
@@ -1,249 +0,0 @@
-# Policy
-
-Headscale implements a large portion of Tailscale's [policy
-features](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailnet-policy-file), most notably access control based on
-[ACLs](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/acls) and
-[Grants](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/grants) or [Tailscale
-SSH](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-ssh). See [limitations](#limitations) to learn about missing features
-and notable implementation differences between Headscale and Tailscale.
-
-Headscale uses the same [huJSON](https://github.com/tailscale/hujson) based file format as Tailscale. By default, no
-policy is loaded which means that Headscale allows all traffic between nodes. To start using a policy file[^1], specify
-its path in the `policy.path` key in the [configuration file](configuration.md).
-
-Headscale needs to be reloaded to pick up changes to the policy file. Either reload Headscale via its systemd service
-(`sudo systemctl reload headscale`) or by sending a SIGHUP signal (`sudo kill -HUP $(pidof headscale)`) to the main
-process. Headscale logs the result of policy processing after each reload.
-
-Please have a look at Tailscale's policy related documentation to learn more:
-
- [Tailscale policy file](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailnet-policy-file): A description of supported sections
-  within the policy file along with links to syntax references for each section.
- [ACLs](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/acls): How to configure access control using ACLs.
- [Grants](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/grants): Introduction to Grants with links to [syntax
-  reference](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/grants),
-  [examples](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/examples/grants) and a [migration guide from ACLs to
-  Grants](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/migrate-acls-grants).
-
-## Getting started
-
-Headscale supports both [ACLs](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/acls) and
-[Grants](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/grants) to write an access control policy. We recommend the
-use of Grants since ACLs are considered legacy and will not receive new features by Tailscale.
-
-### Allow All
-
-If you define a policy file but completely omit the `"acls"` or `"grants"` section, Headscale will default to an [allow
-all](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/examples/acls#allow-all-default-acl) policy. This means all devices connected
-to your tailnet will be able to communicate freely with each other.
-
-```json title="policy.json"
-{}
-```
-
-### Deny All
-
-To [prevent all communication within your tailnet](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/examples/acls#deny-all), you can
-include an empty array for the `"grants"` section in your policy file.
-
-```json title="policy.json"
-{
-  "grants": []
-}
-```
-
-### More examples
-
- See our documentation on [subnet routers](routes.md#subnet-router) and [exit nodes](routes.md#exit-node) to learn how
-  to restrict their use or how to automatically approve them.
- The Tailscale documentation provides a large collection of configuration examples:
-    - [ACL examples](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/examples/acls)
-    - [Grants examples](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/examples/grants)
-    - [SSH configuration](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-ssh#configure-tailscale-ssh)
-    - [Define a tag](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tags#define-a-tag)
-
-______________________________________________________________________
-
-## Limitations
-
- [Device postures](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/device-posture) and the related sections such as `postures` or
-  `srcPosture` aren't supported.
- [IP sets](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailnet-policy-file/ip-sets) aren't supported.
- A subset of [Autogroups](#autogroups) are available.
-
-## Autogroups
-
-Headscale supports several [Autogroups](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/targets-and-selectors#autogroups) that
-automatically include users, destinations, or devices with specific properties. Autogroups provide a convenient way to
-write policy rules without manually listing individual users or devices.
-
-### [`autogroup:internet`](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/targets-and-selectors#autogroupinternet)
-
-Allows access to the internet through [exit nodes](routes.md#exit-node). Can only be used in policy destinations.
-
-```json title="policy.json"
-{
-  "grants": [
-    {
-      "src": ["alice@"],
-      "dst": ["autogroup:internet"],
-      "ip": ["*"]
-    }
-  ]
-}
-```
-
-### [`autogroup:member`](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/targets-and-selectors#autogrouprole)
-
-Includes all [personal (untagged) devices](registration.md/#identity-model).
-
-```json title="policy.json"
-{
-  "grants": [
-    {
-      "src": ["autogroup:member"],
-      "dst": ["tag:prod-app-servers"],
-      "ip": ["80,443"]
-    }
-  ]
-}
-```
-
-### [`autogroup:tagged`](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/targets-and-selectors#autogrouptagged)
-
-Includes all devices that [have at least one tag](registration.md/#identity-model).
-
-```json title="policy.json"
-{
-  "grants": [
-    {
-      "src": ["autogroup:tagged"],
-      "dst": ["tag:monitoring"],
-      "ip": ["9090"]
-    }
-  ]
-}
-```
-
-### [`autogroup:self`](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/targets-and-selectors#autogroupself)
-
-Includes devices where the same user is authenticated on both the source and destination. Does not include tagged
-devices. Can only be used in policy destinations.
-
-```json title="policy.json"
-{
-  "grants": [
-    {
-      "src": ["autogroup:member"],
-      "dst": ["autogroup:self"],
-      "ip": ["*"]
-    }
-  ]
-}
-```
-
-!!! warning "The current implementation of `autogroup:self` is inefficient"
-
-    Using `autogroup:self` may cause performance degradation on the Headscale coordinator server in large deployments,
-    as filter rules must be compiled per-node rather than globally and the current implementation is not very efficient.
-
-    If you experience performance issues, consider using more specific policy rules or limiting the use of
-    `autogroup:self`.
-
-    ```json title="policy.json"
-    {
-      "grants": [
-        // The following rules allow internal users to communicate with their
-        // own nodes in case autogroup:self is causing performance issues.
-        {
-          "src": ["boss@"],
-          "dst": ["boss@"],
-          "ip": ["*"]
-        },
-        {
-          "src": ["dev1@"],
-          "dst": ["dev1@"],
-          "ip": ["*"]
-        },
-        {
-          "src": ["intern1@"],
-          "dst": ["intern1@"],
-          "ip": ["*"]
-        }
-      ]
-    }
-    ```
-
-### [`autogroup:nonroot`](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/targets-and-selectors#other-built-in-targets)
-
-Used in Tailscale SSH rules to allow access to any user except root. Can only be used in the `users` field of SSH rules.
-
-```json title="policy.json"
-{
-  "ssh": [
-    {
-      "action": "accept",
-      "src": ["autogroup:member"],
-      "dst": ["autogroup:self"],
-      "users": ["autogroup:nonroot"]
-    }
-  ]
-}
-```
-
-### [`autogroup:danger-all`](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/targets-and-selectors#autogroupdanger-all)
-
-This autogroup resolves to all IP addresses (`0.0.0.0/0` and `::/0`) which also includes all IP addresses outside the
-standard Tailscale IP ranges. This autogroup can only be used as source.
-
-## Node Attributes
-
-[Node attributes](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#node-attributes) allow for device-specific
-configuration and attributes. At least the following node attributes are currently supported by Headscale[^2]:
-
- `drive:access`, `drive:share`: [Taildrive support](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/taildrive).
- `nextdns:<profile>`, `nextdns:no-device-info`: [NextDNS integration](https://tailscale.com/docs/integrations/nextdns).
-  Be sure to set NextDNS as global resolver in the [configuration](configuration.md).
- `magicdns-aaaa`: Respond to AAAA queries on the local [MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/magicdns)
-  resolver at 100.100.100.100.
- `disable-ipv4`: Selectively disable IPv4 for specfic nodes. This is may be useful to workaround [CGNat
-  conflicts](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/troubleshooting/network-configuration/cgnat-conflicts).
- `randomize-client-port`: Allocate a [random port for WireGuard
-  traffic](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#randomizeclientport) instead of the static default
-  port 41641.
- `disable-captive-portal-detection`: [Disable automatic captive portal
-  detection](https://tailscale.com/docs/integrations/captive-portals#disable-captive-portal-detection).
-
-```json title="policy.json"
-{
-  "nodeAttrs": [
-    {
-      // Enable MagicDNS AAAA records for all nodes
-      "target": ["*"]
-      "attr": ["magicdns-aaaa"]
-    }
-  ]
-}
-```
-
-## Network-wide policy options
-
-The following options are applied for the entire tailnet. Consider [node attributes](#node-attributes) for a more
-fine-grained configuration instead.
-
- `randomizeClientPort`: Allocate a [random port for WireGuard
-  traffic](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#randomizeclientport) instead of the static default
-  port 41641.
-
-```json title="policy.json"
-{
-  // Use a random WireGuard port for the entire tailnet
-  "randomizeClientPort": true
-}
-```
-
-[^1]: Headscale also allows to store the policy in the database. This is typically only required in case a [web
-    interface](integration/web-ui.md) is used.
-
-[^2]: Other key-only node attributes can be used as well. Find them in the client source code with `grep -E '^\s+NodeAttr\w+' tailcfg/tailcfg.go` or by using [GitHub code search (requires
-    login)](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Atailscale%2Ftailscale%20language%3Ago%20path%3Atailcfg%2Ftailcfg.go%20symbol%3A%2FNodeAttr%5Cw%2B%2F&type=code).
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ Tailscale's identity model distinguishes between personal and tagged nodes:
  workstations or mobile phones. End-user devices are managed by a single user.
 - A tagged node (or service-based node or non-human node) provides services to the network. Common examples include web-
  and database servers. Those nodes are typically managed by a team of users. Some additional restrictions apply for
-  tagged nodes, e.g. a tagged node is not allowed to [Tailscale SSH](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-ssh)
-  into a personal node.
+  tagged nodes, e.g. a tagged node is not allowed to [Tailscale SSH](https://tailscale.com/kb/1193/tailscale-ssh) into a
+  personal node.

 Headscale implements Tailscale's identity model and distinguishes between personal and tagged nodes where a personal
 node is owned by a Headscale user and a tagged node is owned by a tag. Tagged devices are grouped under the special user
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ headscale users create <USER>
 === "Tagged devices"

    Your Headscale user needs to be authorized to register tagged devices. This authorization is specified in the
-    [`tagOwners`](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#tag-owners) section of the
-    [policy](policy.md). A simple example looks like this:
+    [`tagOwners`](https://tailscale.com/kb/1337/policy-syntax#tag-owners) section of the [ACL](acls.md). A simple
+    example looks like this:

    ```json title="The user alice can register nodes tagged with tag:server"
    {
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 # Routes

-Headscale supports route advertising and can be used to manage [subnet
-routers](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/subnet-routers) and [exit
-nodes](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/exit-nodes) for a tailnet.
+Headscale supports route advertising and can be used to manage [subnet routers](https://tailscale.com/kb/1019/subnets)
+and [exit nodes](https://tailscale.com/kb/1103/exit-nodes) for a tailnet.

 - [Subnet routers](#subnet-router) may be used to connect an existing network such as a virtual
  private cloud or an on-premise network with your tailnet. Use a subnet router to access devices where Tailscale can't
@@ -73,32 +72,32 @@ $ sudo tailscale set --accept-routes
 ```

 Please refer to the official [Tailscale
-documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/subnet-routers#use-your-subnet-routes-from-other-devices) for how to
-use a subnet router on different operating systems.
+documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1019/subnets#use-your-subnet-routes-from-other-devices) for how to use a subnet
+router on different operating systems.

-### Restrict the use of a subnet router with a policy
+### Restrict the use of a subnet router with ACL

-The routes announced by subnet routers are available to the nodes in a tailnet. By default, without a policy enabled,
-all nodes can accept and use such routes. Configure a policy to explicitly manage who can use routes.
+The routes announced by subnet routers are available to the nodes in a tailnet. By default, without an ACL enabled, all
+nodes can accept and use such routes. Configure an ACL to explicitly manage who can use routes.

-The policy snippet below defines three hosts, a subnet router `router`, a regular node `node` and `service.example.net`
-as internal service that can be reached via a route on the subnet router `router`. It allows the node `node` to access
+The ACL snippet below defines three hosts, a subnet router `router`, a regular node `node` and `service.example.net` as
+internal service that can be reached via a route on the subnet router `router`. It allows the node `node` to access
 `service.example.net` on port 80 and 443 which is reachable via the subnet router. Access to the subnet router itself is
 denied.

 ```json title="Access the routes of a subnet router without the subnet router itself"
 {
  "hosts": {
-    // the router is not referenced but announces 192.168.0.0/24
+    // the router is not referenced but announces 192.168.0.0/24"
    "router": "100.64.0.1/32",
    "node": "100.64.0.2/32",
    "service.example.net": "192.168.0.1/32"
  },
-  "grants": [
+  "acls": [
    {
+      "action": "accept",
      "src": ["node"],
-      "dst": ["service.example.net"],
-      "ip": ["80,443"]
+      "dst": ["service.example.net:80,443"]
    }
  ]
 }
@@ -107,10 +106,10 @@ denied.
 ### Automatically approve routes of a subnet router

 The initial setup of a subnet router usually requires manual approval of their announced routes on the control server
-before they can be used by a node in a tailnet. Headscale supports the `autoApprovers` section in a policy to automate
-the approval of routes served with a subnet router.
+before they can be used by a node in a tailnet. Headscale supports the `autoApprovers` section of an ACL to automate the
+approval of routes served with a subnet router.

-The policy snippet below defines the tag `tag:router` owned by the user `alice`. This tag is used for `routes` in the
+The ACL snippet below defines the tag `tag:router` owned by the user `alice`. This tag is used for `routes` in the
 `autoApprovers` section. The IPv4 route `192.168.0.0/24` is automatically approved once announced by a subnet router
 that advertises the tag `tag:router`.

@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ that advertises the tag `tag:router`.
      "192.168.0.0/24": ["tag:router"]
    }
  },
-  "grants": [
+  "acls": [
    // more rules
  ]
 }
@@ -136,9 +135,8 @@ Advertise the route `192.168.0.0/24` from a subnet router that also advertises t
 $ sudo tailscale up --login-server <YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL> --advertise-tags tag:router --advertise-routes 192.168.0.0/24
 ```

-Please see the [official Tailscale
-documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#auto-approvers) for more information on auto
-approvers.
+Please see the [official Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1337/acl-syntax#autoapprovers) for more
+information on auto approvers.

 ## Exit node

@@ -201,22 +199,22 @@ The exit node can now be used on a node with:
 $ sudo tailscale set --exit-node myexit
 ```

-Please refer to the official [Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/exit-nodes#use-the-exit-node)
-for how to use an exit node on different operating systems.
+Please refer to the official [Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1103/exit-nodes#use-the-exit-node) for
+how to use an exit node on different operating systems.

-### Restrict the use of an exit node with a policy
+### Restrict the use of an exit node with ACL

-An exit node is offered to all nodes in a tailnet. By default, without a policy enabled, all nodes in a tailnet can
-select and use an exit node. Configure `autogroup:internet` in a policy rule to restrict who can use _any_ of the
-available exit nodes.
+An exit node is offered to all nodes in a tailnet. By default, without an ACL enabled, all nodes in a tailnet can select
+and use an exit node. Configure `autogroup:internet` in an ACL rule to restrict who can use _any_ of the available exit
+nodes.

 ```json title="Example use of autogroup:internet"
 {
-  "grants": [
+  "acls": [
    {
+      "action": "accept",
      "src": ["..."],
-      "dst": ["autogroup:internet"],
-      "ip": ["*"]
+      "dst": ["autogroup:internet:*"]
    }
  ]
 }
@@ -224,41 +222,45 @@ available exit nodes.

 ### Restrict access to exit nodes per user or group

-A user can use _any_ of the available exit nodes with `autogroup:internet`. Alternatively, the policy snippet below
-assigns each user a specific exit node while hiding all other exit nodes. The user `alice` can only use an exit node
-tagged with `tag:exit1` while user `bob` can only use an exit node tagged with `tag:exit2`.
+A user can use _any_ of the available exit nodes with `autogroup:internet`. Alternatively, the ACL snippet below assigns
+each user a specific exit node while hiding all other exit nodes. The user `alice` can only use exit node `exit1` while
+user `bob` can only use exit node `exit2`.

 ```json title="Assign each user a dedicated exit node"
 {
-  "tagOwners": {
-    "tag:exit1": ["alice@"],
-    "tag:exit2": ["bob@"]
+  "hosts": {
+    "exit1": "100.64.0.1/32",
+    "exit2": "100.64.0.2/32"
  },
-  "grants": [
+  "acls": [
    {
+      "action": "accept",
      "src": ["alice@"],
-      "dst": ["autogroup:internet"],
-      "via": ["tag:exit1"],
-      "ip": ["*"]
+      "dst": ["exit1:*"]
    },
    {
+      "action": "accept",
      "src": ["bob@"],
-      "dst": ["autogroup:internet"],
-      "via": ["tag:exit2"],
-      "ip": ["*"]
+      "dst": ["exit2:*"]
    }
  ]
 }
 ```

+!!! warning
+
+    - The above implementation is Headscale specific and will likely be removed once [support for
+      `via`](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2409) is available.
+    - Beware that a user can also connect to any port of the exit node itself.
+
 ### Automatically approve an exit node with auto approvers

 The initial setup of an exit node usually requires manual approval on the control server before it can be used by a node
-in a tailnet. Headscale supports the `autoApprovers` section in a policy to automate the approval of a new exit node as
+in a tailnet. Headscale supports the `autoApprovers` section of an ACL to automate the approval of a new exit node as
 soon as it joins the tailnet.

-The policy snippet below defines the tag `tag:exit` owned by the user `alice`. This tag is used for the `exitNode` entry
-in the `autoApprovers` section. A new exit node that advertises the tag `tag:exit` is automatically approved:
+The ACL snippet below defines the tag `tag:exit` owned by the user `alice`. This tag is used for `exitNode` in the
+`autoApprovers` section. A new exit node that advertises the tag `tag:exit` is automatically approved:

 ```json title="Exit nodes tagged with tag:exit are automatically approved"
 {
@@ -268,7 +270,7 @@ in the `autoApprovers` section. A new exit node that advertises the tag `tag:exi
  "autoApprovers": {
    "exitNode": ["tag:exit"]
  },
-  "grants": [
+  "acls": [
    // more rules
  ]
 }
@@ -280,23 +282,26 @@ Advertise a node as exit node and also advertise the tag `tag:exit` when joining
 $ sudo tailscale up --login-server <YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL> --advertise-tags tag:exit --advertise-exit-node
 ```

-Please see the [official Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#autoapprovers)
-for more information on auto approvers.
+Please see the [official Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1337/acl-syntax#autoapprovers) for more
+information on auto approvers.

 ## High availability

-Headscale supports high availability routing. Multiple subnet routers with overlapping routes or multiple exit nodes can
-be used to provide high availability for users. If one router node goes offline, another one can serve the same routes
-to clients. Please see the official [Tailscale documentation on high
-availability](https://tailscale.com/docs/how-to/set-up-high-availability#subnet-router-high-availability) for details.
+Headscale has limited support for high availability routing. Multiple subnet routers with overlapping routes or multiple
+exit nodes can be used to provide high availability for users. If one router node goes offline, another one can serve
+the same routes to clients. Please see the official [Tailscale documentation on high
+availability](https://tailscale.com/kb/1115/high-availability#subnet-router-high-availability) for details.

-This feature is enabled by default when at least two nodes advertise the same prefix. See the configuration options
-`node.routes.ha` in the [configuration file](configuration.md) for details.
+!!! bug
+
+    In certain situations it might take up to 16 minutes for Headscale to detect a node as offline. A failover node
+    might not be selected fast enough, if such a node is used as subnet router or exit node causing service
+    interruptions for clients. See [issue 2129](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2129) for more information.

 ## Troubleshooting

 ### Enable IP forwarding

 A subnet router or exit node is routing traffic on behalf of other nodes and thus requires IP forwarding. Check the
-official [Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/subnet-routers#enable-ip-forwarding) for how to
+official [Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1019/subnets/?tab=linux#enable-ip-forwarding) for how to
 enable IP forwarding.
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Tags

-Headscale supports Tailscale tags. Please read [Tailscale's tag documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tags)
-to learn how tags work and how to use them.
+Headscale supports Tailscale tags. Please read [Tailscale's tag documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1068/tags) to
+learn how tags work and how to use them.

 Tags can be applied during [node registration](registration.md):

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Community packages

 Several Linux distributions and community members provide packages for headscale. Those packages may be used instead of
-the [official releases](official.md) provided by the headscale maintainers. Such packages offer improved integration
+the [official releases](./official.md) provided by the headscale maintainers. Such packages offer improved integration
 for their targeted operating system and usually:

 - setup a dedicated local user account to run headscale
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ for their targeted operating system and usually:

 !!! warning "Community packages might be outdated"

-    The packages mentioned on this page might be outdated or unmaintained. Use the [official releases](official.md) to
-    get the current stable version or to [test pre-releases](main.md).
+    The packages mentioned on this page might be outdated or unmaintained. Use the [official releases](./official.md) to
+    get the current stable version or to test pre-releases.

    [![Packaging status](https://repology.org/badge/vertical-allrepos/headscale.svg)](https://repology.org/project/headscale/versions)

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ Arch Linux offers a package for headscale, install via:
 pacman -S headscale
 ```

+The [AUR package `headscale-git`](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/headscale-git) can be used to build the current
+development version.
+
 ## Fedora, RHEL, CentOS

 A third-party repository for various RPM based distributions is available at:
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@

    **It might be outdated and it might miss necessary steps**.

-A container runtime such as [Docker](https://www.docker.com) or [Podman](https://podman.io) is required. The container
-image can be found on [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/headscale/headscale) and [GitHub Container
+This documentation has the goal of showing a user how-to set up and run headscale in a container. A container runtime
+such as [Docker](https://www.docker.com) or [Podman](https://podman.io) is required. The container image can be found on
+[Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/headscale/headscale) and [GitHub Container
 Registry](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pkgs/container/headscale). The container image URLs are:

 - [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/headscale/headscale): `docker.io/headscale/headscale:<VERSION>`
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ Registry](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pkgs/container/headscale). The c

 ## Configure and run headscale

-1. Create a directory on the container host to store headscale's [configuration](../../ref/configuration.md) and the SQLite database:
+1. Create a directory on the container host to store headscale's [configuration](../../ref/configuration.md) and the [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/) database:

    ```shell
    mkdir -p ./headscale/{config,lib}
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ Continue on the [getting started page](../../usage/getting-started.md) to regist

 ## Debugging headscale running in Docker

-The Headscale container image is based on a distroless image that does not contain a shell or any other debug tools. If you need to debug headscale running in the Docker container, you can use the `-debug` variant, for example `docker.io/headscale/headscale:x.x.x-debug`.
+The Headscale container image is based on a "distroless" image that does not contain a shell or any other debug tools. If you need to debug headscale running in the Docker container, you can use the `-debug` variant, for example `docker.io/headscale/headscale:x.x.x-debug`.

 ### Running the debug Docker container

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ docker run \
  serve
 ```

-See [Running headscale in a container](container.md) for full container setup instructions.
+See [Running headscale in a container](./container.md) for full container setup instructions.

 ## Binaries

@@ -54,5 +54,5 @@ via [nightly.link](https://nightly.link/juanfont/headscale/workflows/container-m
 | macOS | arm64 | [headscale-darwin-arm64](https://nightly.link/juanfont/headscale/workflows/container-main/main/headscale-darwin-arm64.zip) |

 After downloading and extracting the archive, make the binary executable and follow the
-[standalone binary installation](official.md#using-standalone-binaries-advanced)
+[standalone binary installation](./official.md#using-standalone-binaries-advanced)
 instructions for setting up the service.
@@ -24,17 +24,16 @@ distributions are Ubuntu 22.04 or newer, Debian 12 or newer.
    sudo apt install ./headscale.deb
    ```

-1. [Configure headscale by editing the configuration file](../../ref/configuration.md). An up-to date example
-   configuration file is also available in `/usr/share/doc/headscale/examples/config-example.yaml`:
+1. [Configure headscale by editing the configuration file](../../ref/configuration.md):

    ```shell
    sudo nano /etc/headscale/config.yaml
    ```

-1. Restart headscale to pick up configuration changes:
+1. Enable and start the headscale service:

    ```shell
-    sudo systemctl restart headscale
+    sudo systemctl enable --now headscale
    ```

 1. Verify that headscale is running as intended:
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ Continue on the [getting started page](../../usage/getting-started.md) to regist

    This installation method is considered advanced as one needs to take care of the local user and the systemd
    service themselves. If possible, use the [DEB packages](#using-packages-for-debianubuntu-recommended) or a
-    [community package](community.md) instead.
+    [community package](./community.md) instead.

 This section describes the installation of headscale according to the [Requirements and
 assumptions](../requirements.md#assumptions). Headscale is run by a dedicated local user and the service itself is
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The ports in use vary with the intended scenario and enabled features. Some of t
 - tcp/80
    - Expose publicly: yes
    - HTTP, used by Let's Encrypt to verify ownership via the HTTP-01 challenge.
-    - Only required if the built-in Let's Encrypt client with the HTTP-01 challenge is used. See [TLS](../ref/tls.md) for
+    - Only required if the built-in Let's Enrypt client with the HTTP-01 challenge is used. See [TLS](../ref/tls.md) for
      details.
 - tcp/443
    - Expose publicly: yes
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ The ports in use vary with the intended scenario and enabled features. Some of t
 - udp/3478
    - Expose publicly: yes
    - STUN, required if the [embedded DERP server](../ref/derp.md) is enabled
+- tcp/50443
+    - Expose publicly: yes
+    - Only required if the gRPC interface is used to [remote-control Headscale](../ref/api.md#grpc).
 - tcp/9090
    - Expose publicly: no
    - [Metrics and debug endpoint](../ref/debug.md#metrics-and-debug-endpoint)
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ The headscale documentation and the provided examples are written with a few ass
 - Headscale is running as system service via a dedicated local user `headscale`.
 - The [configuration](../ref/configuration.md) is loaded from `/etc/headscale/config.yaml`.
 - SQLite is used as database.
- The data directory for headscale (used for private keys, policy, SQLite database, …) is located in `/var/lib/headscale`.
+- The data directory for headscale (used for private keys, ACLs, SQLite database, …) is located in `/var/lib/headscale`.
 - URLs and values that need to be replaced by the user are either denoted as `<VALUE_TO_CHANGE>` or use placeholder
  values such as `headscale.example.com`.

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 !!! tip "Required update path"

-    It's required to update from one stable version to the next (e.g. 0.26.0 → 0.27.1 → 0.28.0) without skipping minor
+    Its required to update from one stable version to the next (e.g. 0.26.0 → 0.27.1 → 0.28.0) without skipping minor
    versions in between. You should always pick the latest available patch release.

 Update an existing Headscale installation to a new version:
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ upgrading. A full backup of Headscale depends on your individual setup, but belo

 === "Standard installation"

-    An installation that follows our [official releases](install/official.md) setup guide uses the following paths:
+    A installation that follows our [official releases](install/official.md) setup guide uses the following paths:

    - [Configuration file](../ref/configuration.md): `/etc/headscale/config.yaml`
    - Data directory: `/var/lib/headscale`
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ upgrading. A full backup of Headscale depends on your individual setup, but belo

 === "Container"

-    An installation that follows our [container](install/container.md) setup guide uses a single source volume directory
+    A installation that follows our [container](install/container.md) setup guide uses a single source volume directory
    that contains the configuration file, data directory and the SQLite database.

    ```console
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ Install the official Tailscale iOS client from the [App Store](https://apps.appl

 ### Installation

-Choose one of the available [Tailscale clients for macOS](https://tailscale.com/docs/concepts/macos-variants) and
-install it.
+Choose one of the available [Tailscale clients for macOS](https://tailscale.com/kb/1065/macos-variants) and install it.

 ### Configuring the headscale URL

@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ all the time, please enable "Unattended mode":
 - Enable `Run unattended`
 - Confirm the "Unattended mode" message

-See also [Keep Tailscale running when I'm not logged in to my
-computer](https://tailscale.com/docs/how-to/run-unattended).
+See also [Keep Tailscale running when I'm not logged in to my computer](https://tailscale.com/kb/1088/run-unattended)

 ### Failing node registration

@@ -1,27 +1,5 @@
 {
  "nodes": {
-    "flake-checks": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
-        "nixpkgs": [
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ],
-        "treefmt-nix": "treefmt-nix"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1781951072,
-        "narHash": "sha256-hA9u6hB4QzpReP8hudxqiaa4vLhoRvtXi6YmUgJRGEs=",
-        "owner": "kradalby",
-        "repo": "flake-checks",
-        "rev": "3d2882efec5cf10f8b5a8a035d93ba6ba9f21717",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "kradalby",
-        "repo": "flake-checks",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
    "flake-utils": {
      "inputs": {
        "systems": "systems"
@@ -40,44 +18,25 @@
        "type": "github"
      }
    },
-    "flake-utils_2": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "systems": "systems_2"
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1731533236,
-        "narHash": "sha256-l0KFg5HjrsfsO/JpG+r7fRrqm12kzFHyUHqHCVpMMbI=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "rev": "11707dc2f618dd54ca8739b309ec4fc024de578b",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "flake-utils",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
    "nixpkgs": {
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1781153106,
-        "narHash": "sha256-yzsroLCcuRG4KdGMxWt0eXKOrRSgQT8/xjYngeq9ujU=",
+        "lastModified": 1775701739,
+        "narHash": "sha256-2FWWY1rr/+pGUJK1npcVcsWNEblzmKs6VxD3VEvwJSs=",
        "owner": "NixOS",
        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "9ee75f111a06d7ab2b2f729698a8eff53d54e070",
+        "rev": "0f7663154ff2fec150f9dbf5f81ec2785dc1e0db",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
        "owner": "NixOS",
-        "ref": "staging-next-26.05",
+        "ref": "nixpkgs-unstable",
        "repo": "nixpkgs",
        "type": "github"
      }
    },
    "root": {
      "inputs": {
-        "flake-checks": "flake-checks",
-        "flake-utils": "flake-utils_2",
+        "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
      }
    },
@@ -95,42 +54,6 @@
        "repo": "default",
        "type": "github"
      }
-    },
-    "systems_2": {
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1681028828,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "nix-systems",
-        "repo": "default",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
-    },
-    "treefmt-nix": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "nixpkgs": [
-          "flake-checks",
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ]
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1780220602,
-        "narHash": "sha256-eynAfOmbmxJnkp7YewvCEbShNnnYJ9gLLqkzsYtBPeM=",
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "treefmt-nix",
-        "rev": "db947814a175b7ca6ded66e21383d938df01c227",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "numtide",
-        "repo": "treefmt-nix",
-        "type": "github"
-      }
    }
  },
  "root": "root",
@@ -2,24 +2,14 @@
  description = "headscale - Open Source Tailscale Control server";

  inputs = {
-    # Pinned to staging-next-26.05 for Go 1.26.4 (security fix GO-2026-5037/5039):
-    # nixpkgs-unstable still ships 1.26.3 — the bump is merged to nixpkgs staging
-    # but the large-rebuild staging->unstable pipeline lags. The 26.05 line is
-    # otherwise current (dev tools match unstable). Switch back to nixpkgs-unstable
-    # once it ships go_1_26 >= 1.26.4.
-    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/staging-next-26.05";
+    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable";
    flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
-    # Reusable Go flake checks (build/test/lint/format); CI runs them via
-    # `nix build .#checks.<system>.<name>` instead of bespoke per-tool steps.
-    flake-checks.url = "github:kradalby/flake-checks";
-    flake-checks.inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
  };

  outputs =
    { self
    , nixpkgs
    , flake-utils
-    , flake-checks
    , ...
    }:
    let
@@ -36,9 +26,8 @@
      overlays.default = _: prev:
        let
          pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${prev.stdenv.hostPlatform.system};
-          # Go 1.26 builder; resolves to Go 1.26.4 from the pinned nixpkgs.
          buildGo = pkgs.buildGo126Module;
-          vendorHash = (builtins.fromJSON (builtins.readFile ./flakehashes.json)).vendor.sri;
+          vendorHash = "sha256-x0xXxa7sjyDwWLq8fO0Z/pbPefctzctK3TAdBea7FtY=";
        in
        {
          headscale = buildGo {
@@ -49,8 +38,8 @@
            # Only run unit tests when testing a build
            checkFlags = [ "-short" ];

-            # vendorHash is read from flakehashes.json; refresh via:
-            #   go run ./cmd/vendorhash update
+            # When updating go.mod or go.sum, a new sha will need to be calculated,
+            # update this if you have a mismatch after doing a change to those files.
            inherit vendorHash;

            subPackages = [ "cmd/headscale" ];
@@ -71,20 +60,53 @@
            subPackages = [ "cmd/hi" ];
          };

-          # Build golangci-lint with stock Go 1.26 (upstream uses hardcoded Go
-          # version); it does not build against the pinned 1.26.4.
+          protoc-gen-grpc-gateway = buildGo rec {
+            pname = "grpc-gateway";
+            version = "2.28.0";
+
+            src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
+              owner = "grpc-ecosystem";
+              repo = "grpc-gateway";
+              rev = "v${version}";
+              sha256 = "sha256-93omvHb+b+S0w4D+FGEEwYYDjgumJFDAruc1P4elfvA=";
+            };
+
+            vendorHash = "sha256-jVP5zfFPfHeAEApKNJzZwuZLA+DjKgkL7m2DFG72UNs=";
+
+            nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.installShellFiles ];
+
+            subPackages = [ "protoc-gen-grpc-gateway" "protoc-gen-openapiv2" ];
+          };
+
+          protobuf-language-server = buildGo rec {
+            pname = "protobuf-language-server";
+            version = "ab4c128";
+
+            src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
+              owner = "lasorda";
+              repo = "protobuf-language-server";
+              rev = "ab4c128f00774d51bd6d1f4cfa735f4b7c8619e3";
+              sha256 = "sha256-yF6kG+qTRxVO/qp2V9HgTyFBeOm5RQzeqdZFrdidwxM=";
+            };
+
+            vendorHash = "sha256-4nTpKBe7ekJsfQf+P6edT/9Vp2SBYbKz1ITawD3bhkI=";
+
+            subPackages = [ "." ];
+          };
+
+          # Build golangci-lint with Go 1.26 (upstream uses hardcoded Go version)
          golangci-lint = buildGo rec {
            pname = "golangci-lint";
-            version = "2.12.2";
+            version = "2.11.4";

            src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
              owner = "golangci";
              repo = "golangci-lint";
              rev = "v${version}";
-              hash = "sha256-qR7fp1x2S+EwEAcplRHTvA3jWwLr/XSiYKSZtAwkrNU=";
+              hash = "sha256-B19aLvfNRY9TOYw/71f2vpNUuSIz8OI4dL0ijGezsas=";
            };

-            vendorHash = "sha256-AG5wtLwWLz55bdp1oi3cW+9O3yj1W1P7MV9zxym7Pb4=";
+            vendorHash = "sha256-xuoj4+U4tB5gpABKq4Dbp2cxnljxdYoBbO8A7DqPM5E=";

            subPackages = [ "cmd/golangci-lint" ];

@@ -157,11 +179,6 @@
            yq-go
            ripgrep
            postgresql
-
-            # External clients exercised by the Tailscale-compatible v2 API
-            # roundtrip tests (TestAPIv2). Binaries: tofu, tscli.
-            opentofu
-            tscli
            python314Packages.mdformat
            python314Packages.mdformat-footnote
            python314Packages.mdformat-frontmatter
@@ -171,8 +188,17 @@
            # 'dot' is needed for pprof graphs
            # go tool pprof -http=: <source>
            graphviz
+
+            # Protobuf dependencies
+            protobuf
+            protoc-gen-go
+            protoc-gen-go-grpc
+            protoc-gen-grpc-gateway
+            buf
+            clang-tools # clang-format
+            protobuf-language-server
          ]
-          ++ lib.optionals pkgs.stdenv.isLinux [ traceroute ];
+          ++ lib.optional pkgs.stdenv.isLinux [ traceroute ];

        # Add entry to build a docker image with headscale
        # caveat: only works on Linux
@@ -186,59 +212,6 @@
          contents = [ pkgs.headscale ];
          config.Entrypoint = [ (pkgs.headscale + "/bin/headscale") ];
        };
-
-        # Go flake checks from the flake-checks library. CI gates on
-        # `nix build .#checks.<system>.<name>`; the logic lives here, not in
-        # bespoke workflow steps. Linux-only: parts of the tree are
-        # Linux-specific and the pure unit subset is validated by CI.
-        fc = flake-checks.lib;
-        common = {
-          inherit pkgs;
-          root = ./.;
-          pname = "headscale";
-          version = headscaleVersion;
-          vendorHash = (builtins.fromJSON (builtins.readFile ./flakehashes.json)).vendor.sri;
-          goPkg = pkgs.go_1_26;
-          # //go:embed targets and test-read files outside the default whitelist.
-          embedDirs = [ ./hscontrol/assets ./hscontrol/db/schema.sql ./config-example.yaml ];
-          extraSrc = [
-            ./hscontrol/testdata
-            ./hscontrol/types/testdata
-            ./hscontrol/db/testdata
-            ./hscontrol/policy/v2/testdata
-          ];
-        };
-        goChecks = {
-          build = fc.goBuild (common // { subPackages = [ "cmd/headscale" ]; });
-
-          # The pure unit subset. ./integration (Docker) and
-          # ./hscontrol/servertest (slow: 10s+ convergence plus race/stress/HA
-          # property tests — run by the servertest workflow instead) are dropped
-          # from the test set but kept in source so cmd/hi and friends still
-          # compile; TestPostgres* needs a server (the SQLite equivalents still
-          # run). CGO off matches the build.
-          gotest = fc.goTest (common // {
-            testExclude = [ "/integration" "/hscontrol/servertest" ];
-            goSkip = [ "TestPostgres" ];
-            testEnv = "export CGO_ENABLED=0";
-          });
-
-          # Full-tree golangci-lint (golines, gofumpt, etc.); uses the overlay's
-          # golangci-lint built against the pinned Go.
-          golangci-lint = fc.goLint common;
-
-          # nixpkgs-fmt + prettier, excluding generated output. goFmt = "off":
-          # Go formatting (golines, gofumpt) is enforced by the golangci-lint
-          # check, not treefmt. prettierExts matches the old prettier-lint glob
-          # (no json: testdata fixtures are hand-formatted).
-          formatting = fc.goFormat (common // {
-            goFmt = "off";
-            prettier = true;
-            prettierExts = [ "ts" "js" "md" "yaml" "yml" "sass" "css" "scss" "html" ];
-            # Mirror .prettierignore (docs/ are mkdocs-flavoured; gen/ generated).
-            fmtExclude = [ ./gen ./docs ];
-          });
-        };
      in
      {
        # `nix develop`
@@ -250,13 +223,19 @@
                "nix-vendor-sri"
                ''
                  set -eu
-                  exec go run ./cmd/vendorhash update "$@"
+
+                  OUT=$(mktemp -d -t nar-hash-XXXXXX)
+                  rm -rf "$OUT"
+
+                  go mod vendor -o "$OUT"
+                  go run tailscale.com/cmd/nardump --sri "$OUT"
+                  rm -rf "$OUT"
                '')

              (pkgs.writeShellScriptBin
                "go-mod-update-all"
                ''
-                  cat go.mod | ${pkgs.ripgrep}/bin/rg "\t" | ${pkgs.ripgrep}/bin/rg -v indirect | ${pkgs.gawk}/bin/awk '{print $1}' | ${pkgs.findutils}/bin/xargs go get -u
+                  cat go.mod | ${pkgs.silver-searcher}/bin/ag "\t" | ${pkgs.silver-searcher}/bin/ag -v indirect | ${pkgs.gawk}/bin/awk '{print $1}' | ${pkgs.findutils}/bin/xargs go get -u
                  go mod tidy
                '')
            ];
@@ -284,9 +263,6 @@

        checks = {
          headscale = pkgs.testers.nixosTest (import ./nix/tests/headscale.nix);
-        }
-        # The Go build/test checks are gated to Linux: parts of the tree are
-        # Linux-specific and the pure unit subset is validated by CI.
-        // pkgs.lib.optionalAttrs pkgs.stdenv.isLinux goChecks;
+        };
      });
 }
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "vendor": {
-    "goModSum": "sha256-SJml8RXGmb2p0g1nOsHn86FA1hwgd5ZffLSkUj5zek8=",
-    "sri": "sha256-pjGNuVtgFFzWNq/2cK7a4iyF13AfcHz098nk92a9Ido="
-  }
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,537 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
+// 	protoc        (unknown)
+// source: headscale/v1/apikey.proto
+
+package v1
+
+import (
+	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
+	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
+	timestamppb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
+	reflect "reflect"
+	sync "sync"
+	unsafe "unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
+	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
+)
+
+type ApiKey struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Id            uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	Prefix        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=prefix,proto3" json:"prefix,omitempty"`
+	Expiration    *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=expiration,proto3" json:"expiration,omitempty"`
+	CreatedAt     *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=created_at,json=createdAt,proto3" json:"created_at,omitempty"`
+	LastSeen      *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=last_seen,json=lastSeen,proto3" json:"last_seen,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *ApiKey) Reset() {
+	*x = ApiKey{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *ApiKey) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ApiKey) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ApiKey) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ApiKey.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ApiKey) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
+}
+
+func (x *ApiKey) GetId() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *ApiKey) GetPrefix() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Prefix
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ApiKey) GetExpiration() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Expiration
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ApiKey) GetCreatedAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.CreatedAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ApiKey) GetLastSeen() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.LastSeen
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type CreateApiKeyRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Expiration    *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=expiration,proto3" json:"expiration,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *CreateApiKeyRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = CreateApiKeyRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *CreateApiKeyRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*CreateApiKeyRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *CreateApiKeyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use CreateApiKeyRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*CreateApiKeyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
+}
+
+func (x *CreateApiKeyRequest) GetExpiration() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Expiration
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type CreateApiKeyResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	ApiKey        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=api_key,json=apiKey,proto3" json:"api_key,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *CreateApiKeyResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = CreateApiKeyResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *CreateApiKeyResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*CreateApiKeyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *CreateApiKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use CreateApiKeyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*CreateApiKeyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
+}
+
+func (x *CreateApiKeyResponse) GetApiKey() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ApiKey
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type ExpireApiKeyRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Prefix        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=prefix,proto3" json:"prefix,omitempty"`
+	Id            uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *ExpireApiKeyRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = ExpireApiKeyRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *ExpireApiKeyRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ExpireApiKeyRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ExpireApiKeyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ExpireApiKeyRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ExpireApiKeyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
+}
+
+func (x *ExpireApiKeyRequest) GetPrefix() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Prefix
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ExpireApiKeyRequest) GetId() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+type ExpireApiKeyResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *ExpireApiKeyResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = ExpireApiKeyResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *ExpireApiKeyResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ExpireApiKeyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ExpireApiKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ExpireApiKeyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ExpireApiKeyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
+}
+
+type ListApiKeysRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *ListApiKeysRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = ListApiKeysRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *ListApiKeysRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ListApiKeysRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ListApiKeysRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ListApiKeysRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ListApiKeysRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
+}
+
+type ListApiKeysResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	ApiKeys       []*ApiKey              `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=api_keys,json=apiKeys,proto3" json:"api_keys,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *ListApiKeysResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = ListApiKeysResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *ListApiKeysResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ListApiKeysResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ListApiKeysResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ListApiKeysResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ListApiKeysResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
+}
+
+func (x *ListApiKeysResponse) GetApiKeys() []*ApiKey {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ApiKeys
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type DeleteApiKeyRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Prefix        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=prefix,proto3" json:"prefix,omitempty"`
+	Id            uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *DeleteApiKeyRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = DeleteApiKeyRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[7]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *DeleteApiKeyRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*DeleteApiKeyRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *DeleteApiKeyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[7]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use DeleteApiKeyRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*DeleteApiKeyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{7}
+}
+
+func (x *DeleteApiKeyRequest) GetPrefix() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Prefix
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *DeleteApiKeyRequest) GetId() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+type DeleteApiKeyResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *DeleteApiKeyResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = DeleteApiKeyResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[8]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *DeleteApiKeyResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*DeleteApiKeyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *DeleteApiKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes[8]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use DeleteApiKeyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*DeleteApiKeyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
+}
+
+var File_headscale_v1_apikey_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
+
+const file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDesc = "" +
+	"\n" +
+	"\x19headscale/v1/apikey.proto\x12\fheadscale.v1\x1a\x1fgoogle/protobuf/timestamp.proto\"\xe0\x01\n" +
+	"\x06ApiKey\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\x04R\x02id\x12\x16\n" +
+	"\x06prefix\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x06prefix\x12:\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"expiration\x18\x03 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\n" +
+	"expiration\x129\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"created_at\x18\x04 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\tcreatedAt\x127\n" +
+	"\tlast_seen\x18\x05 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\blastSeen\"Q\n" +
+	"\x13CreateApiKeyRequest\x12:\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"expiration\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\n" +
+	"expiration\"/\n" +
+	"\x14CreateApiKeyResponse\x12\x17\n" +
+	"\aapi_key\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06apiKey\"=\n" +
+	"\x13ExpireApiKeyRequest\x12\x16\n" +
+	"\x06prefix\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06prefix\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x02 \x01(\x04R\x02id\"\x16\n" +
+	"\x14ExpireApiKeyResponse\"\x14\n" +
+	"\x12ListApiKeysRequest\"F\n" +
+	"\x13ListApiKeysResponse\x12/\n" +
+	"\bapi_keys\x18\x01 \x03(\v2\x14.headscale.v1.ApiKeyR\aapiKeys\"=\n" +
+	"\x13DeleteApiKeyRequest\x12\x16\n" +
+	"\x06prefix\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06prefix\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x02 \x01(\x04R\x02id\"\x16\n" +
+	"\x14DeleteApiKeyResponseB)Z'github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/v1b\x06proto3"
+
+var (
+	file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
+	file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescData []byte
+)
+
+func file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
+	file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
+		file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDesc)))
+	})
+	return file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDescData
+}
+
+var file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 9)
+var file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_goTypes = []any{
+	(*ApiKey)(nil),                // 0: headscale.v1.ApiKey
+	(*CreateApiKeyRequest)(nil),   // 1: headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest
+	(*CreateApiKeyResponse)(nil),  // 2: headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse
+	(*ExpireApiKeyRequest)(nil),   // 3: headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest
+	(*ExpireApiKeyResponse)(nil),  // 4: headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse
+	(*ListApiKeysRequest)(nil),    // 5: headscale.v1.ListApiKeysRequest
+	(*ListApiKeysResponse)(nil),   // 6: headscale.v1.ListApiKeysResponse
+	(*DeleteApiKeyRequest)(nil),   // 7: headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest
+	(*DeleteApiKeyResponse)(nil),  // 8: headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyResponse
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil), // 9: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+}
+var file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
+	9, // 0: headscale.v1.ApiKey.expiration:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	9, // 1: headscale.v1.ApiKey.created_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	9, // 2: headscale.v1.ApiKey.last_seen:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	9, // 3: headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest.expiration:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	0, // 4: headscale.v1.ListApiKeysResponse.api_keys:type_name -> headscale.v1.ApiKey
+	5, // [5:5] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	5, // [5:5] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	5, // [5:5] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	5, // [5:5] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0, // [0:5] is the sub-list for field type_name
+}
+
+func init() { file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_init() }
+func file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_init() {
+	if File_headscale_v1_apikey_proto != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	type x struct{}
+	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
+		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
+			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
+			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_rawDesc)),
+			NumEnums:      0,
+			NumMessages:   9,
+			NumExtensions: 0,
+			NumServices:   0,
+		},
+		GoTypes:           file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_goTypes,
+		DependencyIndexes: file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_depIdxs,
+		MessageInfos:      file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_msgTypes,
+	}.Build()
+	File_headscale_v1_apikey_proto = out.File
+	file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_goTypes = nil
+	file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_depIdxs = nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
+// 	protoc        (unknown)
+// source: headscale/v1/auth.proto
+
+package v1
+
+import (
+	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
+	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
+	reflect "reflect"
+	sync "sync"
+	unsafe "unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
+	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
+)
+
+type AuthRegisterRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	User          string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=user,proto3" json:"user,omitempty"`
+	AuthId        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=auth_id,json=authId,proto3" json:"auth_id,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRegisterRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = AuthRegisterRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRegisterRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*AuthRegisterRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *AuthRegisterRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use AuthRegisterRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*AuthRegisterRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRegisterRequest) GetUser() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.User
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRegisterRequest) GetAuthId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AuthId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type AuthRegisterResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Node          *Node                  `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=node,proto3" json:"node,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRegisterResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = AuthRegisterResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRegisterResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*AuthRegisterResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *AuthRegisterResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use AuthRegisterResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*AuthRegisterResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRegisterResponse) GetNode() *Node {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Node
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type AuthApproveRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	AuthId        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=auth_id,json=authId,proto3" json:"auth_id,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *AuthApproveRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = AuthApproveRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *AuthApproveRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*AuthApproveRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *AuthApproveRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use AuthApproveRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*AuthApproveRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
+}
+
+func (x *AuthApproveRequest) GetAuthId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AuthId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type AuthApproveResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *AuthApproveResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = AuthApproveResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *AuthApproveResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*AuthApproveResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *AuthApproveResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use AuthApproveResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*AuthApproveResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
+}
+
+type AuthRejectRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	AuthId        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=auth_id,json=authId,proto3" json:"auth_id,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRejectRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = AuthRejectRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRejectRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*AuthRejectRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *AuthRejectRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use AuthRejectRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*AuthRejectRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRejectRequest) GetAuthId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AuthId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type AuthRejectResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRejectResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = AuthRejectResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *AuthRejectResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*AuthRejectResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *AuthRejectResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use AuthRejectResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*AuthRejectResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
+}
+
+var File_headscale_v1_auth_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
+
+const file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDesc = "" +
+	"\n" +
+	"\x17headscale/v1/auth.proto\x12\fheadscale.v1\x1a\x17headscale/v1/node.proto\"B\n" +
+	"\x13AuthRegisterRequest\x12\x12\n" +
+	"\x04user\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04user\x12\x17\n" +
+	"\aauth_id\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x06authId\">\n" +
+	"\x14AuthRegisterResponse\x12&\n" +
+	"\x04node\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x12.headscale.v1.NodeR\x04node\"-\n" +
+	"\x12AuthApproveRequest\x12\x17\n" +
+	"\aauth_id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06authId\"\x15\n" +
+	"\x13AuthApproveResponse\",\n" +
+	"\x11AuthRejectRequest\x12\x17\n" +
+	"\aauth_id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06authId\"\x14\n" +
+	"\x12AuthRejectResponseB)Z'github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/v1b\x06proto3"
+
+var (
+	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
+	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescData []byte
+)
+
+func file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
+	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
+		file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDesc)))
+	})
+	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescData
+}
+
+var file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 6)
+var file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_goTypes = []any{
+	(*AuthRegisterRequest)(nil),  // 0: headscale.v1.AuthRegisterRequest
+	(*AuthRegisterResponse)(nil), // 1: headscale.v1.AuthRegisterResponse
+	(*AuthApproveRequest)(nil),   // 2: headscale.v1.AuthApproveRequest
+	(*AuthApproveResponse)(nil),  // 3: headscale.v1.AuthApproveResponse
+	(*AuthRejectRequest)(nil),    // 4: headscale.v1.AuthRejectRequest
+	(*AuthRejectResponse)(nil),   // 5: headscale.v1.AuthRejectResponse
+	(*Node)(nil),                 // 6: headscale.v1.Node
+}
+var file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
+	6, // 0: headscale.v1.AuthRegisterResponse.node:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0, // [0:1] is the sub-list for field type_name
+}
+
+func init() { file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_init() }
+func file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_init() {
+	if File_headscale_v1_auth_proto != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	file_headscale_v1_node_proto_init()
+	type x struct{}
+	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
+		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
+			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
+			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDesc)),
+			NumEnums:      0,
+			NumMessages:   6,
+			NumExtensions: 0,
+			NumServices:   0,
+		},
+		GoTypes:           file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_goTypes,
+		DependencyIndexes: file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_depIdxs,
+		MessageInfos:      file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes,
+	}.Build()
+	File_headscale_v1_auth_proto = out.File
+	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_goTypes = nil
+	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_depIdxs = nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,890 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
+// 	protoc        (unknown)
+// source: headscale/v1/device.proto
+
+package v1
+
+import (
+	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
+	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
+	timestamppb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
+	reflect "reflect"
+	sync "sync"
+	unsafe "unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
+	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
+)
+
+type Latency struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	LatencyMs     float32                `protobuf:"fixed32,1,opt,name=latency_ms,json=latencyMs,proto3" json:"latency_ms,omitempty"`
+	Preferred     bool                   `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=preferred,proto3" json:"preferred,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *Latency) Reset() {
+	*x = Latency{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *Latency) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*Latency) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *Latency) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use Latency.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*Latency) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
+}
+
+func (x *Latency) GetLatencyMs() float32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.LatencyMs
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *Latency) GetPreferred() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Preferred
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type ClientSupports struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	HairPinning   bool                   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=hair_pinning,json=hairPinning,proto3" json:"hair_pinning,omitempty"`
+	Ipv6          bool                   `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=ipv6,proto3" json:"ipv6,omitempty"`
+	Pcp           bool                   `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=pcp,proto3" json:"pcp,omitempty"`
+	Pmp           bool                   `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=pmp,proto3" json:"pmp,omitempty"`
+	Udp           bool                   `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=udp,proto3" json:"udp,omitempty"`
+	Upnp          bool                   `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=upnp,proto3" json:"upnp,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *ClientSupports) Reset() {
+	*x = ClientSupports{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *ClientSupports) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ClientSupports) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ClientSupports) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ClientSupports.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ClientSupports) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
+}
+
+func (x *ClientSupports) GetHairPinning() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.HairPinning
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *ClientSupports) GetIpv6() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Ipv6
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *ClientSupports) GetPcp() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Pcp
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *ClientSupports) GetPmp() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Pmp
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *ClientSupports) GetUdp() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Udp
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *ClientSupports) GetUpnp() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Upnp
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type ClientConnectivity struct {
+	state                 protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Endpoints             []string               `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=endpoints,proto3" json:"endpoints,omitempty"`
+	Derp                  string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=derp,proto3" json:"derp,omitempty"`
+	MappingVariesByDestIp bool                   `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=mapping_varies_by_dest_ip,json=mappingVariesByDestIp,proto3" json:"mapping_varies_by_dest_ip,omitempty"`
+	Latency               map[string]*Latency    `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=latency,proto3" json:"latency,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value"`
+	ClientSupports        *ClientSupports        `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=client_supports,json=clientSupports,proto3" json:"client_supports,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields         protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache             protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *ClientConnectivity) Reset() {
+	*x = ClientConnectivity{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *ClientConnectivity) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ClientConnectivity) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ClientConnectivity) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ClientConnectivity.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ClientConnectivity) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
+}
+
+func (x *ClientConnectivity) GetEndpoints() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Endpoints
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ClientConnectivity) GetDerp() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Derp
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ClientConnectivity) GetMappingVariesByDestIp() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.MappingVariesByDestIp
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *ClientConnectivity) GetLatency() map[string]*Latency {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Latency
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ClientConnectivity) GetClientSupports() *ClientSupports {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ClientSupports
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type GetDeviceRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Id            string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = GetDeviceRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*GetDeviceRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use GetDeviceRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetDeviceRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRequest) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type GetDeviceResponse struct {
+	state                     protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Addresses                 []string               `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=addresses,proto3" json:"addresses,omitempty"`
+	Id                        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	User                      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=user,proto3" json:"user,omitempty"`
+	Name                      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
+	Hostname                  string                 `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=hostname,proto3" json:"hostname,omitempty"`
+	ClientVersion             string                 `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=client_version,json=clientVersion,proto3" json:"client_version,omitempty"`
+	UpdateAvailable           bool                   `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=update_available,json=updateAvailable,proto3" json:"update_available,omitempty"`
+	Os                        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=os,proto3" json:"os,omitempty"`
+	Created                   *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,9,opt,name=created,proto3" json:"created,omitempty"`
+	LastSeen                  *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=last_seen,json=lastSeen,proto3" json:"last_seen,omitempty"`
+	KeyExpiryDisabled         bool                   `protobuf:"varint,11,opt,name=key_expiry_disabled,json=keyExpiryDisabled,proto3" json:"key_expiry_disabled,omitempty"`
+	Expires                   *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,12,opt,name=expires,proto3" json:"expires,omitempty"`
+	Authorized                bool                   `protobuf:"varint,13,opt,name=authorized,proto3" json:"authorized,omitempty"`
+	IsExternal                bool                   `protobuf:"varint,14,opt,name=is_external,json=isExternal,proto3" json:"is_external,omitempty"`
+	MachineKey                string                 `protobuf:"bytes,15,opt,name=machine_key,json=machineKey,proto3" json:"machine_key,omitempty"`
+	NodeKey                   string                 `protobuf:"bytes,16,opt,name=node_key,json=nodeKey,proto3" json:"node_key,omitempty"`
+	BlocksIncomingConnections bool                   `protobuf:"varint,17,opt,name=blocks_incoming_connections,json=blocksIncomingConnections,proto3" json:"blocks_incoming_connections,omitempty"`
+	EnabledRoutes             []string               `protobuf:"bytes,18,rep,name=enabled_routes,json=enabledRoutes,proto3" json:"enabled_routes,omitempty"`
+	AdvertisedRoutes          []string               `protobuf:"bytes,19,rep,name=advertised_routes,json=advertisedRoutes,proto3" json:"advertised_routes,omitempty"`
+	ClientConnectivity        *ClientConnectivity    `protobuf:"bytes,20,opt,name=client_connectivity,json=clientConnectivity,proto3" json:"client_connectivity,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields             protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache                 protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = GetDeviceResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*GetDeviceResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use GetDeviceResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetDeviceResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetAddresses() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Addresses
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetUser() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.User
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetName() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Name
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetHostname() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Hostname
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetClientVersion() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ClientVersion
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetUpdateAvailable() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UpdateAvailable
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetOs() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Os
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetCreated() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Created
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetLastSeen() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.LastSeen
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetKeyExpiryDisabled() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.KeyExpiryDisabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetExpires() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Expires
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetAuthorized() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Authorized
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetIsExternal() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.IsExternal
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetMachineKey() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.MachineKey
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetNodeKey() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NodeKey
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetBlocksIncomingConnections() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.BlocksIncomingConnections
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetEnabledRoutes() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.EnabledRoutes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetAdvertisedRoutes() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AdvertisedRoutes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceResponse) GetClientConnectivity() *ClientConnectivity {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ClientConnectivity
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type DeleteDeviceRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Id            string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *DeleteDeviceRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = DeleteDeviceRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *DeleteDeviceRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*DeleteDeviceRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *DeleteDeviceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use DeleteDeviceRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*DeleteDeviceRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
+}
+
+func (x *DeleteDeviceRequest) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type DeleteDeviceResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *DeleteDeviceResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = DeleteDeviceResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *DeleteDeviceResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*DeleteDeviceResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *DeleteDeviceResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use DeleteDeviceResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*DeleteDeviceResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
+}
+
+type GetDeviceRoutesRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Id            string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRoutesRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = GetDeviceRoutesRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[7]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRoutesRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*GetDeviceRoutesRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRoutesRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[7]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use GetDeviceRoutesRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetDeviceRoutesRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{7}
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRoutesRequest) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type GetDeviceRoutesResponse struct {
+	state            protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	EnabledRoutes    []string               `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=enabled_routes,json=enabledRoutes,proto3" json:"enabled_routes,omitempty"`
+	AdvertisedRoutes []string               `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=advertised_routes,json=advertisedRoutes,proto3" json:"advertised_routes,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields    protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache        protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRoutesResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = GetDeviceRoutesResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[8]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRoutesResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*GetDeviceRoutesResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRoutesResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[8]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use GetDeviceRoutesResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetDeviceRoutesResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRoutesResponse) GetEnabledRoutes() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.EnabledRoutes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *GetDeviceRoutesResponse) GetAdvertisedRoutes() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AdvertisedRoutes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type EnableDeviceRoutesRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Id            string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	Routes        []string               `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=routes,proto3" json:"routes,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *EnableDeviceRoutesRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = EnableDeviceRoutesRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[9]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *EnableDeviceRoutesRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*EnableDeviceRoutesRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *EnableDeviceRoutesRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[9]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use EnableDeviceRoutesRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*EnableDeviceRoutesRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9}
+}
+
+func (x *EnableDeviceRoutesRequest) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *EnableDeviceRoutesRequest) GetRoutes() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Routes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type EnableDeviceRoutesResponse struct {
+	state            protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	EnabledRoutes    []string               `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=enabled_routes,json=enabledRoutes,proto3" json:"enabled_routes,omitempty"`
+	AdvertisedRoutes []string               `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=advertised_routes,json=advertisedRoutes,proto3" json:"advertised_routes,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields    protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache        protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *EnableDeviceRoutesResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = EnableDeviceRoutesResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[10]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *EnableDeviceRoutesResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*EnableDeviceRoutesResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *EnableDeviceRoutesResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes[10]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use EnableDeviceRoutesResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*EnableDeviceRoutesResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10}
+}
+
+func (x *EnableDeviceRoutesResponse) GetEnabledRoutes() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.EnabledRoutes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *EnableDeviceRoutesResponse) GetAdvertisedRoutes() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AdvertisedRoutes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+var File_headscale_v1_device_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
+
+const file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDesc = "" +
+	"\n" +
+	"\x19headscale/v1/device.proto\x12\fheadscale.v1\x1a\x1fgoogle/protobuf/timestamp.proto\"F\n" +
+	"\aLatency\x12\x1d\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"latency_ms\x18\x01 \x01(\x02R\tlatencyMs\x12\x1c\n" +
+	"\tpreferred\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\tpreferred\"\x91\x01\n" +
+	"\x0eClientSupports\x12!\n" +
+	"\fhair_pinning\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\vhairPinning\x12\x12\n" +
+	"\x04ipv6\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\x04ipv6\x12\x10\n" +
+	"\x03pcp\x18\x03 \x01(\bR\x03pcp\x12\x10\n" +
+	"\x03pmp\x18\x04 \x01(\bR\x03pmp\x12\x10\n" +
+	"\x03udp\x18\x05 \x01(\bR\x03udp\x12\x12\n" +
+	"\x04upnp\x18\x06 \x01(\bR\x04upnp\"\xe3\x02\n" +
+	"\x12ClientConnectivity\x12\x1c\n" +
+	"\tendpoints\x18\x01 \x03(\tR\tendpoints\x12\x12\n" +
+	"\x04derp\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x04derp\x128\n" +
+	"\x19mapping_varies_by_dest_ip\x18\x03 \x01(\bR\x15mappingVariesByDestIp\x12G\n" +
+	"\alatency\x18\x04 \x03(\v2-.headscale.v1.ClientConnectivity.LatencyEntryR\alatency\x12E\n" +
+	"\x0fclient_supports\x18\x05 \x01(\v2\x1c.headscale.v1.ClientSupportsR\x0eclientSupports\x1aQ\n" +
+	"\fLatencyEntry\x12\x10\n" +
+	"\x03key\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x03key\x12+\n" +
+	"\x05value\x18\x02 \x01(\v2\x15.headscale.v1.LatencyR\x05value:\x028\x01\"\"\n" +
+	"\x10GetDeviceRequest\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x02id\"\xa0\x06\n" +
+	"\x11GetDeviceResponse\x12\x1c\n" +
+	"\taddresses\x18\x01 \x03(\tR\taddresses\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x02id\x12\x12\n" +
+	"\x04user\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\x04user\x12\x12\n" +
+	"\x04name\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\x04name\x12\x1a\n" +
+	"\bhostname\x18\x05 \x01(\tR\bhostname\x12%\n" +
+	"\x0eclient_version\x18\x06 \x01(\tR\rclientVersion\x12)\n" +
+	"\x10update_available\x18\a \x01(\bR\x0fupdateAvailable\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02os\x18\b \x01(\tR\x02os\x124\n" +
+	"\acreated\x18\t \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\acreated\x127\n" +
+	"\tlast_seen\x18\n" +
+	" \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\blastSeen\x12.\n" +
+	"\x13key_expiry_disabled\x18\v \x01(\bR\x11keyExpiryDisabled\x124\n" +
+	"\aexpires\x18\f \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\aexpires\x12\x1e\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"authorized\x18\r \x01(\bR\n" +
+	"authorized\x12\x1f\n" +
+	"\vis_external\x18\x0e \x01(\bR\n" +
+	"isExternal\x12\x1f\n" +
+	"\vmachine_key\x18\x0f \x01(\tR\n" +
+	"machineKey\x12\x19\n" +
+	"\bnode_key\x18\x10 \x01(\tR\anodeKey\x12>\n" +
+	"\x1bblocks_incoming_connections\x18\x11 \x01(\bR\x19blocksIncomingConnections\x12%\n" +
+	"\x0eenabled_routes\x18\x12 \x03(\tR\renabledRoutes\x12+\n" +
+	"\x11advertised_routes\x18\x13 \x03(\tR\x10advertisedRoutes\x12Q\n" +
+	"\x13client_connectivity\x18\x14 \x01(\v2 .headscale.v1.ClientConnectivityR\x12clientConnectivity\"%\n" +
+	"\x13DeleteDeviceRequest\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x02id\"\x16\n" +
+	"\x14DeleteDeviceResponse\"(\n" +
+	"\x16GetDeviceRoutesRequest\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x02id\"m\n" +
+	"\x17GetDeviceRoutesResponse\x12%\n" +
+	"\x0eenabled_routes\x18\x01 \x03(\tR\renabledRoutes\x12+\n" +
+	"\x11advertised_routes\x18\x02 \x03(\tR\x10advertisedRoutes\"C\n" +
+	"\x19EnableDeviceRoutesRequest\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x02id\x12\x16\n" +
+	"\x06routes\x18\x02 \x03(\tR\x06routes\"p\n" +
+	"\x1aEnableDeviceRoutesResponse\x12%\n" +
+	"\x0eenabled_routes\x18\x01 \x03(\tR\renabledRoutes\x12+\n" +
+	"\x11advertised_routes\x18\x02 \x03(\tR\x10advertisedRoutesB)Z'github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/v1b\x06proto3"
+
+var (
+	file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
+	file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescData []byte
+)
+
+func file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
+	file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
+		file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDesc)))
+	})
+	return file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDescData
+}
+
+var file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 12)
+var file_headscale_v1_device_proto_goTypes = []any{
+	(*Latency)(nil),                    // 0: headscale.v1.Latency
+	(*ClientSupports)(nil),             // 1: headscale.v1.ClientSupports
+	(*ClientConnectivity)(nil),         // 2: headscale.v1.ClientConnectivity
+	(*GetDeviceRequest)(nil),           // 3: headscale.v1.GetDeviceRequest
+	(*GetDeviceResponse)(nil),          // 4: headscale.v1.GetDeviceResponse
+	(*DeleteDeviceRequest)(nil),        // 5: headscale.v1.DeleteDeviceRequest
+	(*DeleteDeviceResponse)(nil),       // 6: headscale.v1.DeleteDeviceResponse
+	(*GetDeviceRoutesRequest)(nil),     // 7: headscale.v1.GetDeviceRoutesRequest
+	(*GetDeviceRoutesResponse)(nil),    // 8: headscale.v1.GetDeviceRoutesResponse
+	(*EnableDeviceRoutesRequest)(nil),  // 9: headscale.v1.EnableDeviceRoutesRequest
+	(*EnableDeviceRoutesResponse)(nil), // 10: headscale.v1.EnableDeviceRoutesResponse
+	nil,                                // 11: headscale.v1.ClientConnectivity.LatencyEntry
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),      // 12: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+}
+var file_headscale_v1_device_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
+	11, // 0: headscale.v1.ClientConnectivity.latency:type_name -> headscale.v1.ClientConnectivity.LatencyEntry
+	1,  // 1: headscale.v1.ClientConnectivity.client_supports:type_name -> headscale.v1.ClientSupports
+	12, // 2: headscale.v1.GetDeviceResponse.created:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	12, // 3: headscale.v1.GetDeviceResponse.last_seen:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	12, // 4: headscale.v1.GetDeviceResponse.expires:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	2,  // 5: headscale.v1.GetDeviceResponse.client_connectivity:type_name -> headscale.v1.ClientConnectivity
+	0,  // 6: headscale.v1.ClientConnectivity.LatencyEntry.value:type_name -> headscale.v1.Latency
+	7,  // [7:7] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	7,  // [7:7] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	7,  // [7:7] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	7,  // [7:7] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:7] is the sub-list for field type_name
+}
+
+func init() { file_headscale_v1_device_proto_init() }
+func file_headscale_v1_device_proto_init() {
+	if File_headscale_v1_device_proto != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	type x struct{}
+	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
+		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
+			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
+			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_device_proto_rawDesc)),
+			NumEnums:      0,
+			NumMessages:   12,
+			NumExtensions: 0,
+			NumServices:   0,
+		},
+		GoTypes:           file_headscale_v1_device_proto_goTypes,
+		DependencyIndexes: file_headscale_v1_device_proto_depIdxs,
+		MessageInfos:      file_headscale_v1_device_proto_msgTypes,
+	}.Build()
+	File_headscale_v1_device_proto = out.File
+	file_headscale_v1_device_proto_goTypes = nil
+	file_headscale_v1_device_proto_depIdxs = nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
+// 	protoc        (unknown)
+// source: headscale/v1/headscale.proto
+
+package v1
+
+import (
+	_ "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api/annotations"
+	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
+	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
+	reflect "reflect"
+	sync "sync"
+	unsafe "unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
+	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
+)
+
+type HealthRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *HealthRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = HealthRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *HealthRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*HealthRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *HealthRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use HealthRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*HealthRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
+}
+
+type HealthResponse struct {
+	state                protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	DatabaseConnectivity bool                   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=database_connectivity,json=databaseConnectivity,proto3" json:"database_connectivity,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields        protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache            protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *HealthResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = HealthResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *HealthResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*HealthResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *HealthResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use HealthResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*HealthResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
+}
+
+func (x *HealthResponse) GetDatabaseConnectivity() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DatabaseConnectivity
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+var File_headscale_v1_headscale_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
+
+const file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDesc = "" +
+	"\n" +
+	"\x1cheadscale/v1/headscale.proto\x12\fheadscale.v1\x1a\x1cgoogle/api/annotations.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/user.proto\x1a\x1dheadscale/v1/preauthkey.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/node.proto\x1a\x19headscale/v1/apikey.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/auth.proto\x1a\x19headscale/v1/policy.proto\"\x0f\n" +
+	"\rHealthRequest\"E\n" +
+	"\x0eHealthResponse\x123\n" +
+	"\x15database_connectivity\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\x14databaseConnectivity2\xeb\x19\n" +
+	"\x10HeadscaleService\x12h\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"CreateUser\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.CreateUserRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.CreateUserResponse\"\x17\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x11:\x01*\"\f/api/v1/user\x12\x80\x01\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"RenameUser\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.RenameUserRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.RenameUserResponse\"/\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02)\"'/api/v1/user/{old_id}/rename/{new_name}\x12j\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"DeleteUser\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.DeleteUserRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.DeleteUserResponse\"\x19\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x13*\x11/api/v1/user/{id}\x12b\n" +
+	"\tListUsers\x12\x1e.headscale.v1.ListUsersRequest\x1a\x1f.headscale.v1.ListUsersResponse\"\x14\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x0e\x12\f/api/v1/user\x12\x80\x01\n" +
+	"\x10CreatePreAuthKey\x12%.headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest\x1a&.headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse\"\x1d\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x17:\x01*\"\x12/api/v1/preauthkey\x12\x87\x01\n" +
+	"\x10ExpirePreAuthKey\x12%.headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest\x1a&.headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse\"$\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1e:\x01*\"\x19/api/v1/preauthkey/expire\x12}\n" +
+	"\x10DeletePreAuthKey\x12%.headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyRequest\x1a&.headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyResponse\"\x1a\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x14*\x12/api/v1/preauthkey\x12z\n" +
+	"\x0fListPreAuthKeys\x12$.headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest\x1a%.headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse\"\x1a\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x14\x12\x12/api/v1/preauthkey\x12}\n" +
+	"\x0fDebugCreateNode\x12$.headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest\x1a%.headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse\"\x1d\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x17:\x01*\"\x12/api/v1/debug/node\x12f\n" +
+	"\aGetNode\x12\x1c.headscale.v1.GetNodeRequest\x1a\x1d.headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse\"\x1e\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x18\x12\x16/api/v1/node/{node_id}\x12n\n" +
+	"\aSetTags\x12\x1c.headscale.v1.SetTagsRequest\x1a\x1d.headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse\"&\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02 :\x01*\"\x1b/api/v1/node/{node_id}/tags\x12\x96\x01\n" +
+	"\x11SetApprovedRoutes\x12&.headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesRequest\x1a'.headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse\"0\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02*:\x01*\"%/api/v1/node/{node_id}/approve_routes\x12t\n" +
+	"\fRegisterNode\x12!.headscale.v1.RegisterNodeRequest\x1a\".headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse\"\x1d\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x17\"\x15/api/v1/node/register\x12o\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"DeleteNode\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.DeleteNodeRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.DeleteNodeResponse\"\x1e\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x18*\x16/api/v1/node/{node_id}\x12v\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"ExpireNode\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.ExpireNodeRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse\"%\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1f\"\x1d/api/v1/node/{node_id}/expire\x12\x81\x01\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"RenameNode\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.RenameNodeRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse\"0\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02*\"(/api/v1/node/{node_id}/rename/{new_name}\x12b\n" +
+	"\tListNodes\x12\x1e.headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest\x1a\x1f.headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse\"\x14\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x0e\x12\f/api/v1/node\x12\x80\x01\n" +
+	"\x0fBackfillNodeIPs\x12$.headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest\x1a%.headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse\" \x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1a\"\x18/api/v1/node/backfillips\x12w\n" +
+	"\fAuthRegister\x12!.headscale.v1.AuthRegisterRequest\x1a\".headscale.v1.AuthRegisterResponse\" \x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1a:\x01*\"\x15/api/v1/auth/register\x12s\n" +
+	"\vAuthApprove\x12 .headscale.v1.AuthApproveRequest\x1a!.headscale.v1.AuthApproveResponse\"\x1f\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x19:\x01*\"\x14/api/v1/auth/approve\x12o\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"AuthReject\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.AuthRejectRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.AuthRejectResponse\"\x1e\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x18:\x01*\"\x13/api/v1/auth/reject\x12p\n" +
+	"\fCreateApiKey\x12!.headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest\x1a\".headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse\"\x19\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x13:\x01*\"\x0e/api/v1/apikey\x12w\n" +
+	"\fExpireApiKey\x12!.headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest\x1a\".headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse\" \x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1a:\x01*\"\x15/api/v1/apikey/expire\x12j\n" +
+	"\vListApiKeys\x12 .headscale.v1.ListApiKeysRequest\x1a!.headscale.v1.ListApiKeysResponse\"\x16\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x10\x12\x0e/api/v1/apikey\x12v\n" +
+	"\fDeleteApiKey\x12!.headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest\x1a\".headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyResponse\"\x1f\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x19*\x17/api/v1/apikey/{prefix}\x12d\n" +
+	"\tGetPolicy\x12\x1e.headscale.v1.GetPolicyRequest\x1a\x1f.headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse\"\x16\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x10\x12\x0e/api/v1/policy\x12g\n" +
+	"\tSetPolicy\x12\x1e.headscale.v1.SetPolicyRequest\x1a\x1f.headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse\"\x19\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x13:\x01*\x1a\x0e/api/v1/policy\x12[\n" +
+	"\x06Health\x12\x1b.headscale.v1.HealthRequest\x1a\x1c.headscale.v1.HealthResponse\"\x16\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x10\x12\x0e/api/v1/healthB)Z'github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/v1b\x06proto3"
+
+var (
+	file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
+	file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDescData []byte
+)
+
+func file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
+	file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
+		file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDesc)))
+	})
+	return file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDescData
+}
+
+var file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 2)
+var file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_goTypes = []any{
+	(*HealthRequest)(nil),             // 0: headscale.v1.HealthRequest
+	(*HealthResponse)(nil),            // 1: headscale.v1.HealthResponse
+	(*CreateUserRequest)(nil),         // 2: headscale.v1.CreateUserRequest
+	(*RenameUserRequest)(nil),         // 3: headscale.v1.RenameUserRequest
+	(*DeleteUserRequest)(nil),         // 4: headscale.v1.DeleteUserRequest
+	(*ListUsersRequest)(nil),          // 5: headscale.v1.ListUsersRequest
+	(*CreatePreAuthKeyRequest)(nil),   // 6: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest
+	(*ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest)(nil),   // 7: headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest
+	(*DeletePreAuthKeyRequest)(nil),   // 8: headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyRequest
+	(*ListPreAuthKeysRequest)(nil),    // 9: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest
+	(*DebugCreateNodeRequest)(nil),    // 10: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest
+	(*GetNodeRequest)(nil),            // 11: headscale.v1.GetNodeRequest
+	(*SetTagsRequest)(nil),            // 12: headscale.v1.SetTagsRequest
+	(*SetApprovedRoutesRequest)(nil),  // 13: headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesRequest
+	(*RegisterNodeRequest)(nil),       // 14: headscale.v1.RegisterNodeRequest
+	(*DeleteNodeRequest)(nil),         // 15: headscale.v1.DeleteNodeRequest
+	(*ExpireNodeRequest)(nil),         // 16: headscale.v1.ExpireNodeRequest
+	(*RenameNodeRequest)(nil),         // 17: headscale.v1.RenameNodeRequest
+	(*ListNodesRequest)(nil),          // 18: headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest
+	(*BackfillNodeIPsRequest)(nil),    // 19: headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest
+	(*AuthRegisterRequest)(nil),       // 20: headscale.v1.AuthRegisterRequest
+	(*AuthApproveRequest)(nil),        // 21: headscale.v1.AuthApproveRequest
+	(*AuthRejectRequest)(nil),         // 22: headscale.v1.AuthRejectRequest
+	(*CreateApiKeyRequest)(nil),       // 23: headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest
+	(*ExpireApiKeyRequest)(nil),       // 24: headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest
+	(*ListApiKeysRequest)(nil),        // 25: headscale.v1.ListApiKeysRequest
+	(*DeleteApiKeyRequest)(nil),       // 26: headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest
+	(*GetPolicyRequest)(nil),          // 27: headscale.v1.GetPolicyRequest
+	(*SetPolicyRequest)(nil),          // 28: headscale.v1.SetPolicyRequest
+	(*CreateUserResponse)(nil),        // 29: headscale.v1.CreateUserResponse
+	(*RenameUserResponse)(nil),        // 30: headscale.v1.RenameUserResponse
+	(*DeleteUserResponse)(nil),        // 31: headscale.v1.DeleteUserResponse
+	(*ListUsersResponse)(nil),         // 32: headscale.v1.ListUsersResponse
+	(*CreatePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 33: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse
+	(*ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 34: headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse
+	(*DeletePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 35: headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyResponse
+	(*ListPreAuthKeysResponse)(nil),   // 36: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
+	(*DebugCreateNodeResponse)(nil),   // 37: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
+	(*GetNodeResponse)(nil),           // 38: headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse
+	(*SetTagsResponse)(nil),           // 39: headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse
+	(*SetApprovedRoutesResponse)(nil), // 40: headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse
+	(*RegisterNodeResponse)(nil),      // 41: headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse
+	(*DeleteNodeResponse)(nil),        // 42: headscale.v1.DeleteNodeResponse
+	(*ExpireNodeResponse)(nil),        // 43: headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse
+	(*RenameNodeResponse)(nil),        // 44: headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse
+	(*ListNodesResponse)(nil),         // 45: headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse
+	(*BackfillNodeIPsResponse)(nil),   // 46: headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse
+	(*AuthRegisterResponse)(nil),      // 47: headscale.v1.AuthRegisterResponse
+	(*AuthApproveResponse)(nil),       // 48: headscale.v1.AuthApproveResponse
+	(*AuthRejectResponse)(nil),        // 49: headscale.v1.AuthRejectResponse
+	(*CreateApiKeyResponse)(nil),      // 50: headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse
+	(*ExpireApiKeyResponse)(nil),      // 51: headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse
+	(*ListApiKeysResponse)(nil),       // 52: headscale.v1.ListApiKeysResponse
+	(*DeleteApiKeyResponse)(nil),      // 53: headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyResponse
+	(*GetPolicyResponse)(nil),         // 54: headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse
+	(*SetPolicyResponse)(nil),         // 55: headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse
+}
+var file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
+	2,  // 0: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateUser:input_type -> headscale.v1.CreateUserRequest
+	3,  // 1: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameUser:input_type -> headscale.v1.RenameUserRequest
+	4,  // 2: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteUser:input_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteUserRequest
+	5,  // 3: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListUsers:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListUsersRequest
+	6,  // 4: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreatePreAuthKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest
+	7,  // 5: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpirePreAuthKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest
+	8,  // 6: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeletePreAuthKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyRequest
+	9,  // 7: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListPreAuthKeys:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest
+	10, // 8: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DebugCreateNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest
+	11, // 9: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.GetNodeRequest
+	12, // 10: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetTags:input_type -> headscale.v1.SetTagsRequest
+	13, // 11: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetApprovedRoutes:input_type -> headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesRequest
+	14, // 12: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RegisterNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.RegisterNodeRequest
+	15, // 13: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteNodeRequest
+	16, // 14: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireNodeRequest
+	17, // 15: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.RenameNodeRequest
+	18, // 16: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListNodes:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest
+	19, // 17: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.BackfillNodeIPs:input_type -> headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest
+	20, // 18: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthRegister:input_type -> headscale.v1.AuthRegisterRequest
+	21, // 19: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthApprove:input_type -> headscale.v1.AuthApproveRequest
+	22, // 20: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthReject:input_type -> headscale.v1.AuthRejectRequest
+	23, // 21: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateApiKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest
+	24, // 22: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireApiKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest
+	25, // 23: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListApiKeys:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListApiKeysRequest
+	26, // 24: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteApiKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest
+	27, // 25: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetPolicy:input_type -> headscale.v1.GetPolicyRequest
+	28, // 26: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetPolicy:input_type -> headscale.v1.SetPolicyRequest
+	0,  // 27: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.Health:input_type -> headscale.v1.HealthRequest
+	29, // 28: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateUser:output_type -> headscale.v1.CreateUserResponse
+	30, // 29: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameUser:output_type -> headscale.v1.RenameUserResponse
+	31, // 30: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteUser:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteUserResponse
+	32, // 31: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListUsers:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListUsersResponse
+	33, // 32: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreatePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse
+	34, // 33: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpirePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse
+	35, // 34: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeletePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyResponse
+	36, // 35: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListPreAuthKeys:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
+	37, // 36: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DebugCreateNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
+	38, // 37: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse
+	39, // 38: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetTags:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse
+	40, // 39: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetApprovedRoutes:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse
+	41, // 40: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RegisterNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse
+	42, // 41: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteNodeResponse
+	43, // 42: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse
+	44, // 43: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse
+	45, // 44: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListNodes:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse
+	46, // 45: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.BackfillNodeIPs:output_type -> headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse
+	47, // 46: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthRegister:output_type -> headscale.v1.AuthRegisterResponse
+	48, // 47: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthApprove:output_type -> headscale.v1.AuthApproveResponse
+	49, // 48: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthReject:output_type -> headscale.v1.AuthRejectResponse
+	50, // 49: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateApiKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse
+	51, // 50: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireApiKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse
+	52, // 51: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListApiKeys:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListApiKeysResponse
+	53, // 52: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteApiKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyResponse
+	54, // 53: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetPolicy:output_type -> headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse
+	55, // 54: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetPolicy:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse
+	1,  // 55: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.Health:output_type -> headscale.v1.HealthResponse
+	28, // [28:56] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	0,  // [0:28] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	0,  // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	0,  // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:0] is the sub-list for field type_name
+}
+
+func init() { file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_init() }
+func file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_init() {
+	if File_headscale_v1_headscale_proto != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	file_headscale_v1_user_proto_init()
+	file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_init()
+	file_headscale_v1_node_proto_init()
+	file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_init()
+	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_init()
+	file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_init()
+	type x struct{}
+	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
+		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
+			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
+			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDesc)),
+			NumEnums:      0,
+			NumMessages:   2,
+			NumExtensions: 0,
+			NumServices:   1,
+		},
+		GoTypes:           file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_goTypes,
+		DependencyIndexes: file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_depIdxs,
+		MessageInfos:      file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_msgTypes,
+	}.Build()
+	File_headscale_v1_headscale_proto = out.File
+	file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_goTypes = nil
+	file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_depIdxs = nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
+// 	protoc        (unknown)
+// source: headscale/v1/policy.proto
+
+package v1
+
+import (
+	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
+	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
+	timestamppb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
+	reflect "reflect"
+	sync "sync"
+	unsafe "unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
+	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
+	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
+)
+
+type SetPolicyRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Policy        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=policy,proto3" json:"policy,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *SetPolicyRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = SetPolicyRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *SetPolicyRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*SetPolicyRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *SetPolicyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[0]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use SetPolicyRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*SetPolicyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
+}
+
+func (x *SetPolicyRequest) GetPolicy() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Policy
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type SetPolicyResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Policy        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=policy,proto3" json:"policy,omitempty"`
+	UpdatedAt     *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=updated_at,json=updatedAt,proto3" json:"updated_at,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *SetPolicyResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = SetPolicyResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *SetPolicyResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*SetPolicyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *SetPolicyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use SetPolicyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*SetPolicyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
+}
+
+func (x *SetPolicyResponse) GetPolicy() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Policy
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *SetPolicyResponse) GetUpdatedAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UpdatedAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type GetPolicyRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *GetPolicyRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = GetPolicyRequest{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *GetPolicyRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*GetPolicyRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *GetPolicyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use GetPolicyRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetPolicyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
+}
+
+type GetPolicyResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Policy        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=policy,proto3" json:"policy,omitempty"`
+	UpdatedAt     *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=updated_at,json=updatedAt,proto3" json:"updated_at,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *GetPolicyResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = GetPolicyResponse{}
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *GetPolicyResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*GetPolicyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *GetPolicyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use GetPolicyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetPolicyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
+}
+
+func (x *GetPolicyResponse) GetPolicy() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Policy
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GetPolicyResponse) GetUpdatedAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UpdatedAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+var File_headscale_v1_policy_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
+
+const file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDesc = "" +
+	"\n" +
+	"\x19headscale/v1/policy.proto\x12\fheadscale.v1\x1a\x1fgoogle/protobuf/timestamp.proto\"*\n" +
+	"\x10SetPolicyRequest\x12\x16\n" +
+	"\x06policy\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06policy\"f\n" +
+	"\x11SetPolicyResponse\x12\x16\n" +
+	"\x06policy\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06policy\x129\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"updated_at\x18\x02 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\tupdatedAt\"\x12\n" +
+	"\x10GetPolicyRequest\"f\n" +
+	"\x11GetPolicyResponse\x12\x16\n" +
+	"\x06policy\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06policy\x129\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"updated_at\x18\x02 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\tupdatedAtB)Z'github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/v1b\x06proto3"
+
+var (
+	file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
+	file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescData []byte
+)
+
+func file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
+	file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
+		file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDesc)))
+	})
+	return file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescData
+}
+
+var file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 4)
+var file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_goTypes = []any{
+	(*SetPolicyRequest)(nil),      // 0: headscale.v1.SetPolicyRequest
+	(*SetPolicyResponse)(nil),     // 1: headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse
+	(*GetPolicyRequest)(nil),      // 2: headscale.v1.GetPolicyRequest
+	(*GetPolicyResponse)(nil),     // 3: headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil), // 4: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+}
+var file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
+	4, // 0: headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse.updated_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	4, // 1: headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse.updated_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0, // [0:2] is the sub-list for field type_name
+}
+
+func init() { file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_init() }
+func file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_init() {
+	if File_headscale_v1_policy_proto != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	type x struct{}
+	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
+		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
+			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
+			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDesc)),
+			NumEnums:      0,
+			NumMessages:   4,
+			NumExtensions: 0,
+			NumServices:   0,
+		},
+		GoTypes:           file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_goTypes,
+		DependencyIndexes: file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_depIdxs,
+		MessageInfos:      file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes,
+	}.Build()
+	File_headscale_v1_policy_proto = out.File
+	file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_goTypes = nil
+	file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_depIdxs = nil
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Kristoffer Dalby	dcd95698e4	integration,ci: remove TestSubnetToSubnetACL The integration test cannot prove end-to-end subnet-to-subnet data plane in Docker-in-Docker: forwarding from eth0 through the Tailscale tunnel interface requires Linux policy routing that doesn't work in the hi test runner's container environment. The #3157 fix (CIDR-only ACL making subnet routers peers) is validated by the golden data compat tests (f10-f16) which compare headscale's filter compilation and peer visibility against SaaS. Updates #3157	2026-04-13 14:58:10 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	073f11b6bf	testdata,policy/v2: add f16/f18 golden captures and fix compat test f16: CIDR-only bidirectional ACL — proves SaaS makes subnet routers peers with CIDR-only rules and generates correct filter rules. f18: CIDR + tag-based ACL — adds tag:ha ↔ tag:router rules. Fix TestRoutesCompatReduceRoutes to pair src↔dst per-rule instead of cross-product across all rules. Tag-based rules resolve to node IPs in filter dests, not subnet CIDRs — a source in the tag rule should only be tested against that rule's destinations. Updates #3157	2026-04-13 14:57:55 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	9b6bfd05bc	servertest: approve only SaaS-approved routes in via compat tests Use topology approved_routes instead of approving all advertised routes. Nodes with unapproved exit routes were incorrectly getting exit routes approved, causing AllowedIPs mismatches. Updates #3157	2026-04-13 14:57:39 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	fa94bd949c	state: include approved exit routes in RoutesForPeer SaaS golden data (routes-ea* captures) proves that approved exit routes appear in every peer's AllowedIPs. The previous commit incorrectly dropped them based on a via-grant scenario where exit routes were not approved. TestRoutesCompatPeerAllowedIPs validates this against all captured netmaps: peer AllowedIPs = node IPs + HA primary routes + exit routes, filtered through ReduceRoutes. Updates #3157	2026-04-12 21:40:07 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	cad0cb2f5c	ci,lint: fix lint issues and add TestSubnetToSubnetACL to workflow Updates #3157	2026-04-12 21:39:27 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	c278418b94	policy/v2: add exit node auto-approval compat tests 15 scenarios (ea1-ea15) covering exitNode field, routes map, both, wrong tags, dual nodes, and baselines. SaaS only approves exit routes via exitNode field. Exit routes in the routes map are ignored for exit approval but still wildcard subnet approval. Headscale already matches this behavior. Remove IsExitRoute skip from TestRoutesCompatAutoApproval. Updates #3157 Updates #3178	2026-04-12 20:46:14 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	3a81dbd1c0	testdata: add tscap golden captures for all corpora Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:28:28 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	9d4af0009d	policy/v2: derive exit node names from topology Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:23:52 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	077621eef3	state: drop exit routes from RoutesForPeer Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:23:52 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	d11be77f1f	testcapture: type captured data with tailcfg types Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:23:52 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	f60f89647b	policyutil: reduce filter rules by approved routes Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:23:52 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	387dcd679e	policy/v2: ignore SSH check action implementation diffs Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:23:52 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	f2f7c5704a	hscontrol/types: silence zerolog by default in tests Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:23:52 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	c26cf2f2d8	compat tests: switch to anonymized names Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	f34765ad1e	testcapture: add capture format package Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	7feb5a52e4	policy/v2: build ACL compat nodes from golden file topology Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	0cb9536784	policy/v2: remove obsolete equivalence tests Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	960219e52c	policy/v2: make ACL error validation strict Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	8201be9b4b	policy: document CanAccessRoute and filterForNodeLocked design Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	f55d6c3cb0	policy/v2: wire PolicyManager through compiledGrant Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	1ea3b676f2	policyutil: fix reduceCapGrantRule and add reduction tests Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	ac8fc70e7d	policy/v2: add false-positive peer test for all golden files Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	f678bcb6c2	policy/v2: add filter compilation equivalence tests Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	3e2dd93c33	servertest: improve via compat test infrastructure Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	8038c39e23	policy/matcher: add unit tests Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	b9a9b5026f	policy/v2: add auto-approval and route access compat tests Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Kristoffer Dalby	5816a5a8b1	policy/v2: add peer visibility compat tests for subnet ACLs Updates #3157	2026-04-12 19:05:12 +00:00
Ubuntu	1d57358314	integration: add subnet-to-subnet ACL routing test Updates #3157	2026-04-10 13:11:12 +00:00
Ubuntu	3c125e62a3	types: consider subnet routes as source identity in ACL matching CanAccess and CanAccessRoute now check approved subnet routes alongside Tailscale IPs when matching ACL source sets. Fixes #3157 Fixes #3169	2026-04-10 13:11:11 +00:00
Ubuntu	8d3ae36675	types,policy: add tests for subnet-to-subnet route visibility Updates #3157	2026-04-10 13:11:11 +00:00