fix: scope DestroyUser to only delete target user's pre-auth keys

DestroyUser called ListPreAuthKeys(tx) which returns ALL keys in the
database, then deleted every one of them. This caused deleting any
single user to wipe all pre-auth keys system-wide.

Fix: query only keys belonging to the user being deleted using
tx.Where("user_id = ?", uid).Find(&keys).

Fixes: https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3154

.claude/agents/headscale-integration-tester.md

@@ -0,0 +1,870 @@
+---
+name: headscale-integration-tester
+description: Use this agent when you need to execute, analyze, or troubleshoot Headscale integration tests. This includes running specific test scenarios, investigating test failures, interpreting test artifacts, validating end-to-end functionality, or ensuring integration test quality before releases. Examples: <example>Context: User has made changes to the route management code and wants to validate the changes work correctly. user: 'I've updated the route advertisement logic in poll.go. Can you run the relevant integration tests to make sure everything still works?' assistant: 'I'll use the headscale-integration-tester agent to run the subnet routing integration tests and analyze the results.' <commentary>Since the user wants to validate route-related changes with integration tests, use the headscale-integration-tester agent to execute the appropriate tests and analyze results.</commentary></example> <example>Context: A CI pipeline integration test is failing and the user needs help understanding why. user: 'The TestSubnetRouterMultiNetwork test is failing in CI. The logs show some timing issues but I can't figure out what's wrong.' assistant: 'Let me use the headscale-integration-tester agent to analyze the test failure and examine the artifacts.' <commentary>Since this involves analyzing integration test failures and interpreting test artifacts, use the headscale-integration-tester agent to investigate the issue.</commentary></example>
+color: green
+---
+
+You are a specialist Quality Assurance Engineer with deep expertise in Headscale's integration testing system. You understand the Docker-based test infrastructure, real Tailscale client interactions, and the complex timing considerations involved in end-to-end network testing.
+
+## Integration Test System Overview
+
+The Headscale integration test system uses Docker containers running real Tailscale clients against a Headscale server. Tests validate end-to-end functionality including routing, ACLs, node lifecycle, and network coordination. The system is built around the `hi` (Headscale Integration) test runner in `cmd/hi/`.
+
+## Critical Test Execution Knowledge
+
+### System Requirements and Setup
+```bash
+# ALWAYS run this first to verify system readiness
+go run ./cmd/hi doctor
+```
+This command verifies:
+- Docker installation and daemon status
+- Go environment setup
+- Required container images availability
+- Sufficient disk space (critical - tests generate ~100MB logs per run)
+- Network configuration
+
+### Test Execution Patterns
+
+**CRITICAL TIMEOUT REQUIREMENTS**:
+- **NEVER use bash `timeout` command** - this can cause test failures and incomplete cleanup
+- **ALWAYS use the built-in `--timeout` flag** with generous timeouts (minimum 15 minutes)
+- **Increase timeout if tests ever time out** - infrastructure issues require longer timeouts
+
+```bash
+# Single test execution (recommended for development)
+# ALWAYS use --timeout flag with minimum 15 minutes (900s)
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestSubnetRouterMultiNetwork" --timeout=900s
+
+# Database-heavy tests require PostgreSQL backend and longer timeouts
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestExpireNode" --postgres --timeout=1800s
+
+# Pattern matching for related tests - use longer timeout for multiple tests
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestSubnet*" --timeout=1800s
+
+# Long-running individual tests need extended timeouts
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestNodeOnlineStatus" --timeout=2100s  # Runs for 12+ minutes
+
+# Full test suite (CI/validation only) - very long timeout required
+go test ./integration -timeout 45m
+```
+
+**Timeout Guidelines by Test Type**:
+- **Basic functionality tests**: `--timeout=900s` (15 minutes minimum)
+- **Route/ACL tests**: `--timeout=1200s` (20 minutes)
+- **HA/failover tests**: `--timeout=1800s` (30 minutes)
+- **Long-running tests**: `--timeout=2100s` (35 minutes)
+- **Full test suite**: `-timeout 45m` (45 minutes)
+
+**NEVER do this**:
+```bash
+# ❌ FORBIDDEN: Never use bash timeout command
+timeout 300 go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName"
+
+# ❌ FORBIDDEN: Too short timeout will cause failures
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName" --timeout=60s
+```
+
+### Test Categories and Timing Expectations
+- **Fast tests** (<2 min): Basic functionality, CLI operations
+- **Medium tests** (2-5 min): Route management, ACL validation
+- **Slow tests** (5+ min): Node expiration, HA failover
+- **Long-running tests** (10+ min): `TestNodeOnlineStatus` runs for 12 minutes
+
+**CONCURRENT EXECUTION**: Multiple tests CAN run simultaneously. Each test run gets a unique Run ID for isolation. See "Concurrent Execution and Run ID Isolation" section below.
+
+## Test Artifacts and Log Analysis
+
+### Artifact Structure
+All test runs save comprehensive artifacts to `control_logs/TIMESTAMP-ID/`:
+```
+control_logs/20250713-213106-iajsux/
+├── hs-testname-abc123.stderr.log     # Headscale server error logs
+├── hs-testname-abc123.stdout.log     # Headscale server output logs
+├── hs-testname-abc123.db             # Database snapshot for post-mortem
+├── hs-testname-abc123_metrics.txt    # Prometheus metrics dump
+├── hs-testname-abc123-mapresponses/  # Protocol-level debug data
+├── ts-client-xyz789.stderr.log       # Tailscale client error logs
+├── ts-client-xyz789.stdout.log       # Tailscale client output logs
+└── ts-client-xyz789_status.json      # Client network status dump
+```
+
+### Log Analysis Priority Order
+When tests fail, examine artifacts in this specific order:
+
+1. **Headscale server stderr logs** (`hs-*.stderr.log`): Look for errors, panics, database issues, policy evaluation failures
+2. **Tailscale client stderr logs** (`ts-*.stderr.log`): Check for authentication failures, network connectivity issues
+3. **MapResponse JSON files**: Protocol-level debugging for network map generation issues
+4. **Client status dumps** (`*_status.json`): Network state and peer connectivity information
+5. **Database snapshots** (`.db` files): For data consistency and state persistence issues
+
+## Concurrent Execution and Run ID Isolation
+
+### Overview
+
+The integration test system supports running multiple tests concurrently on the same Docker daemon. Each test run is isolated through a unique Run ID that ensures containers, networks, and cleanup operations don't interfere with each other.
+
+### Run ID Format and Usage
+
+Each test run generates a unique Run ID in the format: `YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-{6-char-hash}`
+- Example: `20260109-104215-mdjtzx`
+
+The Run ID is used for:
+- **Container naming**: `ts-{runIDShort}-{version}-{hash}` (e.g., `ts-mdjtzx-1-74-fgdyls`)
+- **Docker labels**: All containers get `hi.run-id={runID}` label
+- **Log directories**: `control_logs/{runID}/`
+- **Cleanup isolation**: Only containers with matching run ID are cleaned up
+
+### Container Isolation Mechanisms
+
+1. **Unique Container Names**: Each container includes the run ID for identification
+2. **Docker Labels**: `hi.run-id` and `hi.test-type` labels on all containers
+3. **Dynamic Port Allocation**: All ports use `{HostPort: "0"}` to let kernel assign free ports
+4. **Per-Run Networks**: Network names include scenario hash for isolation
+5. **Isolated Cleanup**: `killTestContainersByRunID()` only removes containers matching the run ID
+
+### ⚠️ CRITICAL: Never Interfere with Other Test Runs
+
+**FORBIDDEN OPERATIONS** when other tests may be running:
+
+```bash
+# ❌ NEVER do global container cleanup while tests are running
+docker rm -f $(docker ps -q --filter "name=hs-")
+docker rm -f $(docker ps -q --filter "name=ts-")
+
+# ❌ NEVER kill all test containers
+# This will destroy other agents' test sessions!
+
+# ❌ NEVER prune all Docker resources during active tests
+docker system prune -f  # Only safe when NO tests are running
+```
+
+**SAFE OPERATIONS**:
+
+```bash
+# ✅ Clean up only YOUR test run's containers (by run ID)
+# The test runner does this automatically via cleanup functions
+
+# ✅ Clean stale (stopped/exited) containers only
+# Pre-test cleanup only removes stopped containers, not running ones
+
+# ✅ Check what's running before cleanup
+docker ps --filter "name=headscale-test-suite" --format "{{.Names}}"
+```
+
+### Running Concurrent Tests
+
+```bash
+# Start multiple tests in parallel - each gets unique run ID
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestPingAllByIP" &
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestACLAllowUserDst" &
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestOIDCAuthenticationPingAll" &
+
+# Monitor running test suites
+docker ps --filter "name=headscale-test-suite" --format "table {{.Names}}\t{{.Status}}"
+```
+
+### Agent Session Isolation Rules
+
+When working as an agent:
+
+1. **Your run ID is unique**: Each test you start gets its own run ID
+2. **Never clean up globally**: Only use run ID-specific cleanup
+3. **Check before cleanup**: Verify no other tests are running if you need to prune resources
+4. **Respect other sessions**: Other agents may have tests running concurrently
+5. **Log directories are isolated**: Your artifacts are in `control_logs/{your-run-id}/`
+
+### Identifying Your Containers
+
+Your test containers can be identified by:
+- The run ID in the container name
+- The `hi.run-id` Docker label
+- The test suite container: `headscale-test-suite-{your-run-id}`
+
+```bash
+# List containers for a specific run ID
+docker ps --filter "label=hi.run-id=20260109-104215-mdjtzx"
+
+# Get your run ID from the test output
+# Look for: "Run ID: 20260109-104215-mdjtzx"
+```
+
+## Common Failure Patterns and Root Cause Analysis
+
+### CRITICAL MINDSET: Code Issues vs Infrastructure Issues
+
+**⚠️ IMPORTANT**: When tests fail, it is ALMOST ALWAYS a code issue with Headscale, NOT infrastructure problems. Do not immediately blame disk space, Docker issues, or timing unless you have thoroughly investigated the actual error logs first.
+
+### Systematic Debugging Process
+
+1. **Read the actual error message**: Don't assume - read the stderr logs completely
+2. **Check Headscale server logs first**: Most issues originate from server-side logic
+3. **Verify client connectivity**: Only after ruling out server issues
+4. **Check timing patterns**: Use proper `EventuallyWithT` patterns
+5. **Infrastructure as last resort**: Only blame infrastructure after code analysis
+
+### Real Failure Patterns
+
+#### 1. Timing Issues (Common but fixable)
+```go
+// ❌ Wrong: Immediate assertions after async operations
+client.Execute([]string{"tailscale", "set", "--advertise-routes=10.0.0.0/24"})
+nodes, _ := headscale.ListNodes()
+require.Len(t, nodes[0].GetAvailableRoutes(), 1) // WILL FAIL
+
+// ✅ Correct: Wait for async operations
+client.Execute([]string{"tailscale", "set", "--advertise-routes=10.0.0.0/24"})
+require.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+    assert.Len(c, nodes[0].GetAvailableRoutes(), 1)
+}, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "route should be advertised")
+```
+
+**Timeout Guidelines**:
+- Route operations: 3-5 seconds
+- Node state changes: 5-10 seconds
+- Complex scenarios: 10-15 seconds
+- Policy recalculation: 5-10 seconds
+
+#### 2. NodeStore Synchronization Issues
+Route advertisements must propagate through poll requests (`poll.go:420`). NodeStore updates happen at specific synchronization points after Hostinfo changes.
+
+#### 3. Test Data Management Issues
+```go
+// ❌ Wrong: Assuming array ordering
+require.Len(t, nodes[0].GetAvailableRoutes(), 1)
+
+// ✅ Correct: Identify nodes by properties
+expectedRoutes := map[string]string{"1": "10.33.0.0/16"}
+for _, node := range nodes {
+    nodeIDStr := fmt.Sprintf("%d", node.GetId())
+    if route, shouldHaveRoute := expectedRoutes[nodeIDStr]; shouldHaveRoute {
+        // Test the specific node that should have the route
+    }
+}
+```
+
+#### 4. Database Backend Differences
+SQLite vs PostgreSQL have different timing characteristics:
+- Use `--postgres` flag for database-intensive tests
+- PostgreSQL generally has more consistent timing
+- Some race conditions only appear with specific backends
+
+## Resource Management and Cleanup
+
+### Disk Space Management
+Tests consume significant disk space (~100MB per run):
+```bash
+# Check available space before running tests
+df -h
+
+# Clean up test artifacts periodically
+rm -rf control_logs/older-timestamp-dirs/
+
+# Clean Docker resources
+docker system prune -f
+docker volume prune -f
+```
+
+### Container Cleanup
+- Successful tests clean up automatically
+- Failed tests may leave containers running
+- Manually clean if needed: `docker ps -a` and `docker rm -f <containers>`
+
+## Advanced Debugging Techniques
+
+### Protocol-Level Debugging
+MapResponse JSON files in `control_logs/*/hs-*-mapresponses/` contain:
+- Network topology as sent to clients
+- Peer relationships and visibility
+- Route distribution and primary route selection
+- Policy evaluation results
+
+### Database State Analysis
+Use the database snapshots for post-mortem analysis:
+```bash
+# SQLite examination
+sqlite3 control_logs/TIMESTAMP/hs-*.db
+.tables
+.schema nodes
+SELECT * FROM nodes WHERE name LIKE '%problematic%';
+```
+
+### Performance Analysis
+Prometheus metrics dumps show:
+- Request latencies and error rates
+- NodeStore operation timing
+- Database query performance
+- Memory usage patterns
+
+## Test Development and Quality Guidelines
+
+### Proper Test Patterns
+```go
+// Always use EventuallyWithT for async operations
+require.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    // Test condition that may take time to become true
+}, timeout, interval, "descriptive failure message")
+
+// Handle node identification correctly
+var targetNode *v1.Node
+for _, node := range nodes {
+    if node.GetName() == expectedNodeName {
+        targetNode = node
+        break
+    }
+}
+require.NotNil(t, targetNode, "should find expected node")
+```
+
+### Quality Validation Checklist
+- ✅ Tests use `EventuallyWithT` for asynchronous operations
+- ✅ Tests don't rely on array ordering for node identification
+- ✅ Proper cleanup and resource management
+- ✅ Tests handle both success and failure scenarios
+- ✅ Timing assumptions are realistic for operations being tested
+- ✅ Error messages are descriptive and actionable
+
+## Real-World Test Failure Patterns from HA Debugging
+
+### Infrastructure vs Code Issues - Detailed Examples
+
+**INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURES (Rare but Real)**:
+1. **DNS Resolution in Auth Tests**: `failed to resolve "hs-pingallbyip-jax97k": no DNS fallback candidates remain`
+   - **Pattern**: Client containers can't resolve headscale server hostname during logout
+   - **Detection**: Error messages specifically mention DNS/hostname resolution
+   - **Solution**: Docker networking reset, not code changes
+
+2. **Container Creation Timeouts**: Test gets stuck during client container setup
+   - **Pattern**: Tests hang indefinitely at container startup phase
+   - **Detection**: No progress in logs for >2 minutes during initialization
+   - **Solution**: `docker system prune -f` and retry
+
+3. **Docker Resource Exhaustion**: Too many concurrent tests overwhelming system
+   - **Pattern**: Container creation timeouts, OOM kills, slow test execution
+   - **Detection**: System load high, Docker daemon slow to respond
+   - **Solution**: Reduce number of concurrent tests, wait for completion before starting more
+
+**CODE ISSUES (99% of failures)**:
+1. **Route Approval Process Failures**: Routes not getting approved when they should be
+   - **Pattern**: Tests expecting approved routes but finding none
+   - **Detection**: `SubnetRoutes()` returns empty when `AnnouncedRoutes()` shows routes
+   - **Root Cause**: Auto-approval logic bugs, policy evaluation issues
+
+2. **NodeStore Synchronization Issues**: State updates not propagating correctly
+   - **Pattern**: Route changes not reflected in NodeStore or Primary Routes
+   - **Detection**: Logs show route announcements but no tracking updates
+   - **Root Cause**: Missing synchronization points in `poll.go:420` area
+
+3. **HA Failover Architecture Issues**: Routes removed when nodes go offline
+   - **Pattern**: `TestHASubnetRouterFailover` fails because approved routes disappear
+   - **Detection**: Routes available on online nodes but lost when nodes disconnect
+   - **Root Cause**: Conflating route approval with node connectivity
+
+### Critical Test Environment Setup
+
+**Pre-Test Cleanup**:
+
+The test runner automatically handles cleanup:
+- **Before test**: Removes only stale (stopped/exited) containers - does NOT affect running tests
+- **After test**: Removes only containers belonging to the specific run ID
+
+```bash
+# Only clean old log directories if disk space is low
+rm -rf control_logs/202507*
+df -h  # Verify sufficient disk space
+
+# SAFE: Clean only stale/stopped containers (does not affect running tests)
+# The test runner does this automatically via cleanupStaleTestContainers()
+
+# ⚠️ DANGEROUS: Only use when NO tests are running
+docker system prune -f
+```
+
+**Environment Verification**:
+```bash
+# Verify system readiness
+go run ./cmd/hi doctor
+
+# Check what tests are currently running (ALWAYS check before global cleanup)
+docker ps --filter "name=headscale-test-suite" --format "{{.Names}}"
+```
+
+### Specific Test Categories and Known Issues
+
+#### Route-Related Tests (Primary Focus)
+```bash
+# Core route functionality - these should work first
+# Note: Generous timeouts are required for reliable execution
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestSubnetRouteACL" --timeout=1200s
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork" --timeout=1800s
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestHASubnetRouterFailover" --timeout=1800s
+```
+
+**Common Route Test Patterns**:
+- Tests validate route announcement, approval, and distribution workflows
+- Route state changes are asynchronous - may need `EventuallyWithT` wrappers
+- Route approval must respect ACL policies - test expectations encode security requirements
+- HA tests verify route persistence during node connectivity changes
+
+#### Authentication Tests (Infrastructure-Prone)
+```bash
+# These tests are more prone to infrastructure issues
+# Require longer timeouts due to auth flow complexity
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestAuthKeyLogoutAndReloginSameUser" --timeout=1200s
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestAuthWebFlowLogoutAndRelogin" --timeout=1200s
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestOIDCExpireNodesBasedOnTokenExpiry" --timeout=1800s
+```
+
+**Common Auth Test Infrastructure Failures**:
+- DNS resolution during logout operations
+- Container creation timeouts
+- HTTP/2 stream errors (often symptoms, not root cause)
+
+### Security-Critical Debugging Rules
+
+**❌ FORBIDDEN CHANGES (Security & Test Integrity)**:
+1. **Never change expected test outputs** - Tests define correct behavior contracts
+   - Changing `require.Len(t, routes, 3)` to `require.Len(t, routes, 2)` because test fails
+   - Modifying expected status codes, node counts, or route counts
+   - Removing assertions that are "inconvenient"
+   - **Why forbidden**: Test expectations encode business requirements and security policies
+
+2. **Never bypass security mechanisms** - Security must never be compromised for convenience
+   - Using `AnnouncedRoutes()` instead of `SubnetRoutes()` in production code
+   - Skipping authentication or authorization checks
+   - **Why forbidden**: Security bypasses create vulnerabilities in production
+
+3. **Never reduce test coverage** - Tests prevent regressions
+   - Removing test cases or assertions
+   - Commenting out "problematic" test sections
+   - **Why forbidden**: Reduced coverage allows bugs to slip through
+
+**✅ ALLOWED CHANGES (Timing & Observability)**:
+1. **Fix timing issues with proper async patterns**
+   ```go
+   // ✅ GOOD: Add EventuallyWithT for async operations
+   require.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+       nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
+       assert.NoError(c, err)
+       assert.Len(c, nodes, expectedCount) // Keep original expectation
+   }, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "nodes should reach expected count")
+   ```
+   - **Why allowed**: Fixes race conditions without changing business logic
+
+2. **Add MORE observability and debugging**
+   - Additional logging statements
+   - More detailed error messages
+   - Extra assertions that verify intermediate states
+   - **Why allowed**: Better observability helps debug without changing behavior
+
+3. **Improve test documentation**
+   - Add godoc comments explaining test purpose and business logic
+   - Document timing requirements and async behavior
+   - **Why encouraged**: Helps future maintainers understand intent
+
+### Advanced Debugging Workflows
+
+#### Route Tracking Debug Flow
+```bash
+# Run test with detailed logging and proper timeout
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestSubnetRouteACL" --timeout=1200s > test_output.log 2>&1
+
+# Check route approval process
+grep -E "(auto-approval|ApproveRoutesWithPolicy|PolicyManager)" test_output.log
+
+# Check route tracking
+tail -50 control_logs/*/hs-*.stderr.log | grep -E "(announced|tracking|SetNodeRoutes)"
+
+# Check for security violations
+grep -E "(AnnouncedRoutes.*SetNodeRoutes|bypass.*approval)" test_output.log
+```
+
+#### HA Failover Debug Flow
+```bash
+# Test HA failover specifically with adequate timeout
+go run ./cmd/hi run "TestHASubnetRouterFailover" --timeout=1800s
+
+# Check route persistence during disconnect
+grep -E "(Disconnect|NodeWentOffline|PrimaryRoutes)" control_logs/*/hs-*.stderr.log
+
+# Verify routes don't disappear inappropriately
+grep -E "(removing.*routes|SetNodeRoutes.*empty)" control_logs/*/hs-*.stderr.log
+```
+
+### Test Result Interpretation Guidelines
+
+#### Success Patterns to Look For
+- `"updating node routes for tracking"` in logs
+- Routes appearing in `announcedRoutes` logs
+- Proper `ApproveRoutesWithPolicy` calls for auto-approval
+- Routes persisting through node connectivity changes (HA tests)
+
+#### Failure Patterns to Investigate
+- `SubnetRoutes()` returning empty when `AnnouncedRoutes()` has routes
+- Routes disappearing when nodes go offline (HA architectural issue)
+- Missing `EventuallyWithT` causing timing race conditions
+- Security bypass attempts using wrong route methods
+
+### Critical Testing Methodology
+
+**Phase-Based Testing Approach**:
+1. **Phase 1**: Core route tests (ACL, auto-approval, basic functionality)
+2. **Phase 2**: HA and complex route scenarios
+3. **Phase 3**: Auth tests (infrastructure-sensitive, test last)
+
+**Per-Test Process**:
+1. Clean environment before each test
+2. Monitor logs for route tracking and approval messages
+3. Check artifacts in `control_logs/` if test fails
+4. Focus on actual error messages, not assumptions
+5. Document results and patterns discovered
+
+## Test Documentation and Code Quality Standards
+
+### Adding Missing Test Documentation
+When you understand a test's purpose through debugging, always add comprehensive godoc:
+
+```go
+// TestSubnetRoutes validates the complete subnet route lifecycle including
+// advertisement from clients, policy-based approval, and distribution to peers.
+// This test ensures that route security policies are properly enforced and that
+// only approved routes are distributed to the network.
+//
+// The test verifies:
+// - Route announcements are received and tracked
+// - ACL policies control route approval correctly
+// - Only approved routes appear in peer network maps
+// - Route state persists correctly in the database
+func TestSubnetRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+    // Test implementation...
+}
+```
+
+**Why add documentation**: Future maintainers need to understand business logic and security requirements encoded in tests.
+
+### Comment Guidelines - Focus on WHY, Not WHAT
+
+```go
+// ✅ GOOD: Explains reasoning and business logic
+// Wait for route propagation because NodeStore updates are asynchronous
+// and happen after poll requests complete processing
+require.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    // Check that security policies are enforced...
+}, timeout, interval, "route approval must respect ACL policies")
+
+// ❌ BAD: Just describes what the code does
+// Wait for routes
+require.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    // Get routes and check length
+}, timeout, interval, "checking routes")
+```
+
+**Why focus on WHY**: Helps maintainers understand architectural decisions and security requirements.
+
+## EventuallyWithT Pattern for External Calls
+
+### Overview
+EventuallyWithT is a testing pattern used to handle eventual consistency in distributed systems. In Headscale integration tests, many operations are asynchronous - clients advertise routes, the server processes them, updates propagate through the network. EventuallyWithT allows tests to wait for these operations to complete while making assertions.
+
+### External Calls That Must Be Wrapped
+The following operations are **external calls** that interact with the headscale server or tailscale clients and MUST be wrapped in EventuallyWithT:
+- `headscale.ListNodes()` - Queries server state
+- `client.Status()` - Gets client network status
+- `client.Curl()` - Makes HTTP requests through the network
+- `client.Traceroute()` - Performs network diagnostics
+- `client.Execute()` when running commands that query state
+- Any operation that reads from the headscale server or tailscale client
+
+### Five Key Rules for EventuallyWithT
+
+1. **One External Call Per EventuallyWithT Block**
+   - Each EventuallyWithT should make ONE external call (e.g., ListNodes OR Status)
+   - Related assertions based on that single call can be grouped together
+   - Unrelated external calls must be in separate EventuallyWithT blocks
+
+2. **Variable Scoping**
+   - Declare variables that need to be shared across EventuallyWithT blocks at function scope
+   - Use `=` for assignment inside EventuallyWithT, not `:=` (unless the variable is only used within that block)
+   - Variables declared with `:=` inside EventuallyWithT are not accessible outside
+
+3. **No Nested EventuallyWithT**
+   - NEVER put an EventuallyWithT inside another EventuallyWithT
+   - This is a critical anti-pattern that must be avoided
+
+4. **Use CollectT for Assertions**
+   - Inside EventuallyWithT, use `assert` methods with the CollectT parameter
+   - Helper functions called within EventuallyWithT must accept `*assert.CollectT`
+
+5. **Descriptive Messages**
+   - Always provide a descriptive message as the last parameter
+   - Message should explain what condition is being waited for
+
+### Correct Pattern Examples
+
+```go
+// CORRECT: Single external call with related assertions
+var nodes []*v1.Node
+var err error
+
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    nodes, err = headscale.ListNodes()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+    assert.Len(c, nodes, 2)
+    // These assertions are all based on the ListNodes() call
+    requireNodeRouteCountWithCollect(c, nodes[0], 2, 2, 2)
+    requireNodeRouteCountWithCollect(c, nodes[1], 1, 1, 1)
+}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "nodes should have expected route counts")
+
+// CORRECT: Separate EventuallyWithT for different external call
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    status, err := client.Status()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+    // All these assertions are based on the single Status() call
+    for _, peerKey := range status.Peers() {
+        peerStatus := status.Peer[peerKey]
+        requirePeerSubnetRoutesWithCollect(c, peerStatus, expectedPrefixes)
+    }
+}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "client should see expected routes")
+
+// CORRECT: Variable scoping for sharing between blocks
+var routeNode *v1.Node
+var nodeKey key.NodePublic
+
+// First EventuallyWithT to get the node
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+
+    for _, node := range nodes {
+        if node.GetName() == "router" {
+            routeNode = node
+            nodeKey, _ = key.ParseNodePublicUntyped(mem.S(node.GetNodeKey()))
+            break
+        }
+    }
+    assert.NotNil(c, routeNode, "should find router node")
+}, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "router node should exist")
+
+// Second EventuallyWithT using the nodeKey from first block
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    status, err := client.Status()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+
+    peerStatus, ok := status.Peer[nodeKey]
+    assert.True(c, ok, "peer should exist in status")
+    requirePeerSubnetRoutesWithCollect(c, peerStatus, expectedPrefixes)
+}, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "routes should be visible to client")
+```
+
+### Incorrect Patterns to Avoid
+
+```go
+// INCORRECT: Multiple unrelated external calls in same EventuallyWithT
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    // First external call
+    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+    assert.Len(c, nodes, 2)
+
+    // Second unrelated external call - WRONG!
+    status, err := client.Status()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+    assert.NotNil(c, status)
+}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "mixed operations")
+
+// INCORRECT: Nested EventuallyWithT
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+
+    // NEVER do this!
+    assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c2 *assert.CollectT) {
+        status, _ := client.Status()
+        assert.NotNil(c2, status)
+    }, 5*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "nested")
+}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "outer")
+
+// INCORRECT: Variable scoping error
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes() // This shadows outer 'nodes' variable
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "get nodes")
+
+// This will fail - nodes is nil because := created a new variable inside the block
+require.Len(t, nodes, 2) // COMPILATION ERROR or nil pointer
+
+// INCORRECT: Not wrapping external calls
+nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes() // External call not wrapped!
+require.NoError(t, err)
+```
+
+### Helper Functions for EventuallyWithT
+
+When creating helper functions for use within EventuallyWithT:
+
+```go
+// Helper function that accepts CollectT
+func requireNodeRouteCountWithCollect(c *assert.CollectT, node *v1.Node, available, approved, primary int) {
+    assert.Len(c, node.GetAvailableRoutes(), available, "available routes for node %s", node.GetName())
+    assert.Len(c, node.GetApprovedRoutes(), approved, "approved routes for node %s", node.GetName())
+    assert.Len(c, node.GetPrimaryRoutes(), primary, "primary routes for node %s", node.GetName())
+}
+
+// Usage within EventuallyWithT
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+    requireNodeRouteCountWithCollect(c, nodes[0], 2, 2, 2)
+}, 10*time.Second, 500*time.Millisecond, "route counts should match expected")
+```
+
+### Operations That Must NOT Be Wrapped
+
+**CRITICAL**: The following operations are **blocking/mutating operations** that change state and MUST NOT be wrapped in EventuallyWithT:
+- `tailscale set` commands (e.g., `--advertise-routes`, `--accept-routes`)
+- `headscale.ApproveRoute()` - Approves routes on server
+- `headscale.CreateUser()` - Creates users
+- `headscale.CreatePreAuthKey()` - Creates authentication keys
+- `headscale.RegisterNode()` - Registers new nodes
+- Any `client.Execute()` that modifies configuration
+- Any operation that creates, updates, or deletes resources
+
+These operations:
+1. Complete synchronously or fail immediately
+2. Should not be retried automatically
+3. Need explicit error handling with `require.NoError()`
+
+### Correct Pattern for Blocking Operations
+
+```go
+// CORRECT: Blocking operation NOT wrapped
+status := client.MustStatus()
+command := []string{"tailscale", "set", "--advertise-routes=" + expectedRoutes[string(status.Self.ID)]}
+_, _, err = client.Execute(command)
+require.NoErrorf(t, err, "failed to advertise route: %s", err)
+
+// Then wait for the result with EventuallyWithT
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+    assert.Contains(c, nodes[0].GetAvailableRoutes(), expectedRoutes[string(status.Self.ID)])
+}, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "route should be advertised")
+
+// INCORRECT: Blocking operation wrapped (DON'T DO THIS)
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    _, _, err = client.Execute([]string{"tailscale", "set", "--advertise-routes=10.0.0.0/24"})
+    assert.NoError(c, err) // This might retry the command multiple times!
+}, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "advertise routes")
+```
+
+### Assert vs Require Pattern
+
+When working within EventuallyWithT blocks where you need to prevent panics:
+
+```go
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+
+    // For array bounds - use require with t to prevent panic
+    assert.Len(c, nodes, 6)  // Test expectation
+    require.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(nodes), 3, "need at least 3 nodes to avoid panic")
+
+    // For nil pointer access - use require with t before dereferencing
+    assert.NotNil(c, srs1PeerStatus.PrimaryRoutes)  // Test expectation
+    require.NotNil(t, srs1PeerStatus.PrimaryRoutes, "primary routes must be set to avoid panic")
+    assert.Contains(c,
+        srs1PeerStatus.PrimaryRoutes.AsSlice(),
+        pref,
+    )
+}, 5*time.Second, 200*time.Millisecond, "checking route state")
+```
+
+**Key Principle**:
+- Use `assert` with `c` (*assert.CollectT) for test expectations that can be retried
+- Use `require` with `t` (*testing.T) for MUST conditions that prevent panics
+- Within EventuallyWithT, both are available - choose based on whether failure would cause a panic
+
+### Common Scenarios
+
+1. **Waiting for route advertisement**:
+```go
+client.Execute([]string{"tailscale", "set", "--advertise-routes=10.0.0.0/24"})
+
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+    assert.Contains(c, nodes[0].GetAvailableRoutes(), "10.0.0.0/24")
+}, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "route should be advertised")
+```
+
+2. **Checking client sees routes**:
+```go
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    status, err := client.Status()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+
+    // Check all peers have expected routes
+    for _, peerKey := range status.Peers() {
+        peerStatus := status.Peer[peerKey]
+        assert.Contains(c, peerStatus.AllowedIPs, expectedPrefix)
+    }
+}, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "all peers should see route")
+```
+
+3. **Sequential operations**:
+```go
+// First wait for node to appear
+var nodeID uint64
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+    assert.Len(c, nodes, 1)
+    nodeID = nodes[0].GetId()
+}, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "node should register")
+
+// Then perform operation
+_, err := headscale.ApproveRoute(nodeID, "10.0.0.0/24")
+require.NoError(t, err)
+
+// Then wait for result
+assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+    nodes, err := headscale.ListNodes()
+    assert.NoError(c, err)
+    assert.Contains(c, nodes[0].GetApprovedRoutes(), "10.0.0.0/24")
+}, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "route should be approved")
+```
+
+## Your Core Responsibilities
+
+1. **Test Execution Strategy**: Execute integration tests with appropriate configurations, understanding when to use `--postgres` and timing requirements for different test categories. Follow phase-based testing approach prioritizing route tests.
+   - **Why this priority**: Route tests are less infrastructure-sensitive and validate core security logic
+
+2. **Systematic Test Analysis**: When tests fail, systematically examine artifacts starting with Headscale server logs, then client logs, then protocol data. Focus on CODE ISSUES first (99% of cases), not infrastructure. Use real-world failure patterns to guide investigation.
+   - **Why this approach**: Most failures are logic bugs, not environment issues - efficient debugging saves time
+
+3. **Timing & Synchronization Expertise**: Understand asynchronous Headscale operations, particularly route advertisements, NodeStore synchronization at `poll.go:420`, and policy propagation. Fix timing with `EventuallyWithT` while preserving original test expectations.
+   - **Why preserve expectations**: Test assertions encode business requirements and security policies
+   - **Key Pattern**: Apply the EventuallyWithT pattern correctly for all external calls as documented above
+
+4. **Root Cause Analysis**: Distinguish between actual code regressions (route approval logic, HA failover architecture), timing issues requiring `EventuallyWithT` patterns, and genuine infrastructure problems (DNS, Docker, container issues).
+   - **Why this distinction matters**: Different problem types require completely different solution approaches
+   - **EventuallyWithT Issues**: Often manifest as flaky tests or immediate assertion failures after async operations
+
+5. **Security-Aware Quality Validation**: Ensure tests properly validate end-to-end functionality with realistic timing expectations and proper error handling. Never suggest security bypasses or test expectation changes. Add comprehensive godoc when you understand test business logic.
+   - **Why security focus**: Integration tests are the last line of defense against security regressions
+   - **EventuallyWithT Usage**: Proper use prevents race conditions without weakening security assertions
+
+6. **Concurrent Execution Awareness**: Respect run ID isolation and never interfere with other agents' test sessions. Each test run has a unique run ID - only clean up YOUR containers (by run ID label), never perform global cleanup while tests may be running.
+   - **Why this matters**: Multiple agents/users may run tests concurrently on the same Docker daemon
+   - **Key Rule**: NEVER use global container cleanup commands - the test runner handles cleanup automatically per run ID
+
+**CRITICAL PRINCIPLE**: Test expectations are sacred contracts that define correct system behavior. When tests fail, fix the code to match the test, never change the test to match broken code. Only timing and observability improvements are allowed - business logic expectations are immutable.
+
+**ISOLATION PRINCIPLE**: Each test run is isolated by its unique Run ID. Never interfere with other test sessions. The system handles cleanup automatically - manual global cleanup commands are forbidden when other tests may be running.
+
+**EventuallyWithT PRINCIPLE**: Every external call to headscale server or tailscale client must be wrapped in EventuallyWithT. Follow the five key rules strictly: one external call per block, proper variable scoping, no nesting, use CollectT for assertions, and provide descriptive messages.
+
+**Remember**: Test failures are usually code issues in Headscale that need to be fixed, not infrastructure problems to be ignored. Use the specific debugging workflows and failure patterns documented above to efficiently identify root causes. Infrastructure issues have very specific signatures - everything else is code-related.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yaml

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ body:
   - type: checkboxes
     attributes:
       label: Is this a support request?
-      description: This issue tracker is for bugs and feature requests only. If you need
+      description:
+        This issue tracker is for bugs and feature requests only. If you need
         help, please use ask in our Discord community
       options:
         - label: This is not a support request
@@ -14,7 +15,8 @@ body:
   - type: checkboxes
     attributes:
       label: Is there an existing issue for this?
-      description: Please search to see if an issue already exists for the bug you
+      description:
+        Please search to see if an issue already exists for the bug you
         encountered.
       options:
         - label: I have searched the existing issues

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ blank_issues_enabled: false
 
 # Contact links
 contact_links:
-  - name: "headscale Discord community"
-    url: "https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx"
-    about: "Please ask and answer questions about usage of headscale here."
   - name: "headscale usage documentation"
-    url: "https://headscale.net/"
+    url: "https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/main/docs"
     about: "Find documentation about how to configure and run headscale."
+  - name: "headscale Discord community"
+    url: "https://discord.gg/xGj2TuqyxY"
+    about: "Please ask and answer questions about usage of headscale here."

.github/label-response/needs-more-info.md

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-Thank you for taking the time to report this issue.
-
-To help us investigate and resolve this, we need more information. Please provide the following:
-
-> [!TIP]
-> Most issues turn out to be configuration errors rather than bugs. We encourage you to discuss your problem in our [Discord community](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx) **before** opening an issue. The community can often help identify misconfigurations quickly, saving everyone time.
-
-## Required Information
-
-### Environment Details
-
-- **Headscale version**: (run `headscale version`)
-- **Tailscale client version**: (run `tailscale version`)
-- **Operating System**: (e.g., Ubuntu 24.04, macOS 14, Windows 11)
-- **Deployment method**: (binary, Docker, Kubernetes, etc.)
-- **Reverse proxy**: (if applicable: nginx, Traefik, Caddy, etc. - include configuration)
-
-### Debug Information
-
-Please follow our [Debugging and Troubleshooting Guide](https://headscale.net/stable/ref/debug/) and provide:
-
-1. **Client netmap dump** (from affected Tailscale client):
-
-   ```bash
-   tailscale debug netmap > netmap.json
-   ```
-
-2. **Client status dump** (from affected Tailscale client):
-
-   ```bash
-   tailscale status --json > status.json
-   ```
-
-3. **Tailscale client logs** (if experiencing client issues):
-
-   ```bash
-   tailscale debug daemon-logs
-   ```
-
-   > [!IMPORTANT]
-   > We need logs from **multiple nodes** to understand the full picture:
-   >
-   > - The node(s) initiating connections
-   > - The node(s) being connected to
-   >
-   > Without logs from both sides, we cannot diagnose connectivity issues.
-
-4. **Headscale server logs** with `log.level: trace` enabled
-
-5. **Headscale configuration** (with sensitive values redacted - see rules below)
-
-6. **ACL/Policy configuration** (if using ACLs)
-
-7. **Proxy/Docker configuration** (if applicable - nginx.conf, docker-compose.yml, Traefik config, etc.)
-
-## Formatting Requirements
-
-- **Attach long files** - Do not paste large logs or configurations inline. Use GitHub file attachments or GitHub Gists.
-- **Use proper Markdown** - Format code blocks, logs, and configurations with appropriate syntax highlighting.
-- **Structure your response** - Use the headings above to organize your information clearly.
-
-## Redaction Rules
-
-> [!CAUTION]
-> **Replace, do not remove.** Removing information makes debugging impossible.
-
-When redacting sensitive information:
-
-- ✅ **Replace consistently** - If you change `alice@company.com` to `user1@example.com`, use `user1@example.com` everywhere (logs, config, policy, etc.)
-- ✅ **Use meaningful placeholders** - `user1@example.com`, `bob@example.com`, `my-secret-key` are acceptable
-- ❌ **Never remove information** - Gaps in data prevent us from correlating events across logs
-- ❌ **Never redact IP addresses** - We need the actual IPs to trace network paths and identify issues
-
-**If redaction rules are not followed, we will be unable to debug the issue and will have to close it.**
-
----
-
-**Note:** This issue will be automatically closed in 3 days if no additional information is provided. Once you reply with the requested information, the `needs-more-info` label will be removed automatically.
-
-If you need help gathering this information, please visit our [Discord community](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx).

.github/label-response/support-request.md

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-Thank you for reaching out.
-
-This issue tracker is used for **bug reports and feature requests** only. Your question appears to be a support or configuration question rather than a bug report.
-
-For help with setup, configuration, or general questions, please visit our [Discord community](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx) where the community and maintainers can assist you in real-time.
-
-**Before posting in Discord, please check:**
-
-- [Documentation](https://headscale.net/)
-- [FAQ](https://headscale.net/stable/faq/)
-- [Debugging and Troubleshooting Guide](https://headscale.net/stable/ref/debug/)
-
-If after troubleshooting you determine this is actually a bug, please open a new issue with the required debug information from the troubleshooting guide.
-
-This issue has been automatically closed.

.github/workflows/container-main.yml

@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Build (main)
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-    paths:
-      - "*.nix"
-      - "go.*"
-      - "**/*.go"
-      - ".github/workflows/container-main.yml"
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.sha }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  container:
-    if: github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      packages: write
-      contents: read
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-
-      - name: Login to DockerHub
-        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
-        with:
-          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Login to GHCR
-        uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
-        with:
-          registry: ghcr.io
-          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
-
-      - name: Set commit timestamp
-        run: echo "SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=$(git log -1 --format=%ct)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-
-      - name: Build and push to GHCR
-        env:
-          KO_DOCKER_REPO: ghcr.io/juanfont/headscale
-          KO_DEFAULTBASEIMAGE: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian13
-          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
-        run: |
-          nix develop --command -- ko build \
-            --bare \
-            --platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
-            --tags=main-${GITHUB_SHA::7},development \
-            ./cmd/headscale
-
-      - name: Push to Docker Hub
-        env:
-          KO_DOCKER_REPO: headscale/headscale
-          KO_DEFAULTBASEIMAGE: gcr.io/distroless/base-debian13
-          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
-        run: |
-          nix develop --command -- ko build \
-            --bare \
-            --platform=linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
-            --tags=main-${GITHUB_SHA::7},development \
-            ./cmd/headscale
-
-  binaries:
-    if: github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - goos: linux
-            goarch: amd64
-          - goos: linux
-            goarch: arm64
-          - goos: darwin
-            goarch: amd64
-          - goos: darwin
-            goarch: arm64
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
-
-      - uses: nixbuild/nix-quick-install-action@2c9db80fb984ceb1bcaa77cdda3fdf8cfba92035 # v34
-      - uses: nix-community/cache-nix-action@135667ec418502fa5a3598af6fb9eb733888ce6a # v6.1.3
-        with:
-          primary-key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ hashFiles('**/*.nix',
-            '**/flake.lock') }}
-          restore-prefixes-first-match: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}
-
-      - name: Build binary
-        env:
-          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
-          GOOS: ${{ matrix.goos }}
-          GOARCH: ${{ matrix.goarch }}
-        run: nix develop --command -- go build -o headscale ./cmd/headscale
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@330a01c490aca151604b8cf639adc76d48f6c5d4 # v5.0.0
-        with:
-          name: headscale-${{ matrix.goos }}-${{ matrix.goarch }}
-          path: headscale

.github/workflows/gh-action-integration-generator.go

@@ -66,9 +66,7 @@ func findTests() []string {
 	}
 
 	args := []string{
-		"--type", "go",
 		"--regexp", "func (Test.+)\\(.*",
-		"--max-depth", "1",
 		"../../integration/",
 		"--replace", "$1",
 		"--sort", "path",

.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     env:
       # Github does not allow us to access secrets in pull requests,
       # so this env var is used to check if we have the secret or not.
@@ -67,24 +67,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           name: postgres-image
           path: /tmp/artifacts
-      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
-        run: |
-          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
-          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
-          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
-          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
-          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
-          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
-            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
-          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
-            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
-            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
-          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
-          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
-            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
-          sudo systemctl restart docker
-          docker version
       - name: Load Docker images, Go cache, and prepare binary
         run: |
           gunzip -c /tmp/artifacts/headscale-image.tar.gz | docker load

.github/workflows/needs-more-info-comment.yml

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-name: Needs More Info - Post Comment
-
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [labeled]
-
-jobs:
-  post-comment:
-    if: >-
-      github.event.label.name == 'needs-more-info' &&
-      github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-      contents: read
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: .github/label-response/needs-more-info.md
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
-
-      - name: Post instruction comment
-        run: gh issue comment "$NUMBER" --body-file .github/label-response/needs-more-info.md
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-          NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}

.github/workflows/needs-more-info-timer.yml

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-name: Needs More Info - Timer
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 0 * * *" # Daily at midnight UTC
-  issue_comment:
-    types: [created]
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  # When a non-bot user comments on a needs-more-info issue, remove the label.
-  remove-label-on-response:
-    if: >-
-      github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale' &&
-      github.event_name == 'issue_comment' &&
-      github.event.comment.user.type != 'Bot' &&
-      contains(github.event.issue.labels.*.name, 'needs-more-info')
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-    steps:
-      - name: Remove needs-more-info label
-        run: gh issue edit "$NUMBER" --remove-label needs-more-info
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-          NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-
-  # On schedule, close issues that have had no human response for 3 days.
-  close-stale:
-    if: >-
-      github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale' &&
-      github.event_name != 'issue_comment'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: hustcer/setup-nu@920172d92eb04671776f3ba69d605d3b09351c30 # v3.22
-        with:
-          version: "*"
-
-      - name: Close stale needs-more-info issues
-        shell: nu {0}
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-        run: |
-          let issues = (gh issue list
-            --repo $env.GH_REPO
-            --label "needs-more-info"
-            --state open
-            --json number
-            | from json)
-
-          for issue in $issues {
-            let number = $issue.number
-            print $"Checking issue #($number)"
-
-            # Find when needs-more-info was last added
-            let events = (gh api $"repos/($env.GH_REPO)/issues/($number)/events"
-              --paginate | from json)
-            let label_event = ($events
-              | where event == "labeled"
-              | where label.name == "needs-more-info"
-              | last)
-            let label_added_at = ($label_event.created_at | into datetime)
-
-            # Check for non-bot comments after the label was added
-            let comments = (gh api $"repos/($env.GH_REPO)/issues/($number)/comments"
-              --paginate | from json)
-            let human_responses = ($comments
-              | where user.type != "Bot"
-              | where { ($in.created_at | into datetime) > $label_added_at })
-
-            if ($human_responses | length) > 0 {
-              print $"  Human responded, removing label"
-              gh issue edit $number --repo $env.GH_REPO --remove-label needs-more-info
-              continue
-            }
-
-            # Check if 3 days have passed
-            let elapsed = (date now) - $label_added_at
-            if $elapsed < 3day {
-              print $"  Only ($elapsed | format duration day) elapsed, skipping"
-              continue
-            }
-
-            print $"  No response for ($elapsed | format duration day), closing"
-            let message = [
-              "This issue has been automatically closed because no additional information was provided within 3 days."
-              ""
-              "If you have the requested information, please open a new issue and include the debug information requested above."
-              ""
-              "Thank you for your understanding."
-            ] | str join "\n"
-            gh issue comment $number --repo $env.GH_REPO --body $message
-            gh issue close $number --repo $env.GH_REPO --reason "not planned"
-            gh issue edit $number --repo $env.GH_REPO --remove-label needs-more-info
-          }

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -17,25 +17,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
-      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
-        run: |
-          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
-          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
-          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
-          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
-          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
-          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
-            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
-          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
-            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
-            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
-          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
-          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
-            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
-          sudo systemctl restart docker
-          docker version
-
       - name: Login to DockerHub
         uses: docker/login-action@5e57cd118135c172c3672efd75eb46360885c0ef # v3.6.0
         with:

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -23,5 +23,5 @@ jobs:
             since being marked as stale."
           days-before-pr-stale: -1
           days-before-pr-close: -1
-          exempt-issue-labels: "no-stale-bot,needs-more-info"
+          exempt-issue-labels: "no-stale-bot"
           repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/support-request.yml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-name: Support Request - Close Issue
-
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [labeled]
-
-jobs:
-  close-support-request:
-    if: >-
-      github.event.label.name == 'support-request' &&
-      github.repository == 'juanfont/headscale'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-      contents: read
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683 # v4.2.2
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: .github/label-response/support-request.md
-          sparse-checkout-cone-mode: false
-
-      - name: Post comment and close issue
-        run: |
-          gh issue comment "$NUMBER" --body-file .github/label-response/support-request.md
-          gh issue close "$NUMBER" --reason "not planned"
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          GH_REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-          NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}

.github/workflows/test-integration.yaml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
   # sqlite: Runs all integration tests with SQLite backend.
   # postgres: Runs a subset of tests with PostgreSQL to verify database compatibility.
   build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
       files-changed: ${{ steps.changed-files.outputs.files }}
     steps:
@@ -69,25 +69,6 @@ jobs:
           name: go-cache
           path: go-cache.tar.gz
           retention-days: 10
-      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
-        if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
-        run: |
-          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
-          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
-          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
-          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
-          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
-          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
-            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
-          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
-            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
-            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
-          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
-          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
-            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
-          sudo systemctl restart docker
-          docker version
       - name: Build headscale image
         if: steps.changed-files.outputs.files == 'true'
         run: |
@@ -119,28 +100,10 @@ jobs:
           path: tailscale-head-image.tar.gz
           retention-days: 10
   build-postgres:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: build
     if: needs.build.outputs.files-changed == 'true'
     steps:
-      - name: Pin Docker to v28 (avoid v29 breaking changes)
-        run: |
-          # Docker 29 breaks docker build via Go client libraries and
-          # docker load/save with certain tarball formats.
-          # Pin to Docker 28.x until our tooling is updated.
-          # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/13474
-          sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
-          curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
-            | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
-          echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
-            https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" \
-            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
-          VERSION=$(apt-cache madison docker-ce | grep '28\.5' | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
-          sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades \
-            "docker-ce=${VERSION}" "docker-ce-cli=${VERSION}"
-          sudo systemctl restart docker
-          docker version
       - name: Pull and save postgres image
         run: |
           docker pull postgres:latest
@@ -229,17 +192,13 @@ jobs:
           - TestUpdateHostnameFromClient
           - TestExpireNode
           - TestSetNodeExpiryInFuture
-          - TestDisableNodeExpiry
           - TestNodeOnlineStatus
           - TestPingAllByIPManyUpDown
           - Test2118DeletingOnlineNodePanics
-          - TestGrantCapRelay
-          - TestGrantCapDrive
           - TestEnablingRoutes
           - TestHASubnetRouterFailover
           - TestSubnetRouteACL
           - TestEnablingExitRoutes
-          - TestExitRoutesWithAutogroupInternetACL
           - TestSubnetRouterMultiNetwork
           - TestSubnetRouterMultiNetworkExitNode
           - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/authkey-tag.*
@@ -249,11 +208,6 @@ jobs:
           - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-user.*
           - TestAutoApproveMultiNetwork/webauth-group.*
           - TestSubnetRouteACLFiltering
-          - TestGrantViaSubnetSteering
-          - TestHASubnetRouterPingFailover
-          - TestHASubnetRouterFailoverBothOffline
-          - TestHASubnetRouterFailoverBothOfflineCablePull
-          - TestHASubnetRouterFailoverDockerDisconnect
           - TestHeadscale
           - TestTailscaleNodesJoiningHeadcale
           - TestSSHOneUserToAll
@@ -262,13 +216,6 @@ jobs:
           - TestSSHIsBlockedInACL
           - TestSSHUserOnlyIsolation
           - TestSSHAutogroupSelf
-          - TestSSHOneUserToOneCheckModeCLI
-          - TestSSHOneUserToOneCheckModeOIDC
-          - TestSSHCheckModeUnapprovedTimeout
-          - TestSSHCheckModeCheckPeriodCLI
-          - TestSSHCheckModeAutoApprove
-          - TestSSHCheckModeNegativeCLI
-          - TestSSHLocalpart
           - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagRequestDifferentTag
           - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagNoAdvertiseFlag
           - TestTagsAuthKeyWithTagCannotAddViaCLI
@@ -301,7 +248,6 @@ jobs:
           - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutUserInheritsTags
           - TestTagsAuthKeyWithoutUserRejectsAdvertisedTags
           - TestTagsAuthKeyConvertToUserViaCLIRegister
-          - TestTailscaleRustAxum
     uses: ./.github/workflows/integration-test-template.yml
     secrets: inherit
     with:

.gitignore

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ config*.yaml
 !config-example.yaml
 derp.yaml
 *.hujson
-!hscontrol/policy/v2/testdata/*/*.hujson
 *.key
 /db.sqlite
 *.sqlite3

.golangci.yaml

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ linters:
     - lll
     - maintidx
     - makezero
-    - mnd
     - musttag
     - nestif
     - nolintlint
@@ -38,23 +37,6 @@ linters:
             time.Sleep is forbidden.
             In tests: use assert.EventuallyWithT for polling/waiting patterns.
             In production code: use a backoff strategy (e.g., cenkalti/backoff) or proper synchronization primitives.
-        # Forbid inline string literals in zerolog field methods - use zf.* constants
-        - pattern: '\.(Str|Int|Int8|Int16|Int32|Int64|Uint|Uint8|Uint16|Uint32|Uint64|Float32|Float64|Bool|Dur|Time|TimeDiff|Strs|Ints|Uints|Floats|Bools|Any|Interface)\("[^"]+"'
-          msg: >-
-            Use zf.* constants for zerolog field names instead of string literals.
-            Import "github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util/zlog/zf" and use
-            constants like zf.NodeID, zf.UserName, etc. Add new constants to
-            hscontrol/util/zlog/zf/fields.go if needed.
-        # Forbid ptr.To - use Go 1.26 new(expr) instead
-        - pattern: 'ptr\.To\('
-          msg: >-
-            ptr.To is forbidden. Use Go 1.26's new(expr) syntax instead.
-            Example: ptr.To(value) → new(value)
-        # Forbid tsaddr.SortPrefixes - use slices.SortFunc with netip.Prefix.Compare
-        - pattern: 'tsaddr\.SortPrefixes'
-          msg: >-
-            tsaddr.SortPrefixes is forbidden. Use Go 1.26's netip.Prefix.Compare instead.
-            Example: slices.SortFunc(prefixes, netip.Prefix.Compare)
       analyze-types: true
     gocritic:
       disabled-checks:

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 version: 2
 before:
   hooks:
-    - go mod tidy -compat=1.26
+    - go mod tidy -compat=1.25
     - go mod vendor
 
 release:
@@ -13,6 +13,29 @@ release:
 
     Please follow the steps outlined in the [upgrade guide](https://headscale.net/stable/setup/upgrade/) to update your existing Headscale installation.
 
+    **It's best to update from one stable version to the next** (e.g., 0.24.0 → 0.25.1 → 0.26.1) in case you are multiple releases behind. You should always pick the latest available patch release.
+
+    Be sure to check the changelog above for version-specific upgrade instructions and breaking changes.
+
+    ### Backup Your Database
+
+    **Always backup your database before upgrading.** Here's how to backup a SQLite database:
+
+    ```bash
+    # Stop headscale
+    systemctl stop headscale
+
+    # Backup sqlite database
+    cp /var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite /var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite.backup
+
+    # Backup sqlite WAL/SHM files (if they exist)
+    cp /var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite-wal /var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite-wal.backup
+    cp /var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite-shm /var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite-shm.backup
+
+    # Start headscale (migration will run automatically)
+    systemctl start headscale
+    ```
+
 builds:
   - id: headscale
     main: ./cmd/headscale
@@ -27,6 +50,8 @@ builds:
       - linux_arm64
     flags:
       - -mod=readonly
+    tags:
+      - ts2019
 
 archives:
   - id: golang-cross
@@ -42,9 +67,10 @@ source:
     - "vendor/"
 
 nfpms:
-  # Configure nFPM for .deb releases
+  # Configure nFPM for .deb and .rpm releases
   #
-  # See https://goreleaser.com/customization/package/nfpm/
+  # See https://nfpm.goreleaser.com/configuration/
+  # and https://goreleaser.com/customization/nfpm/
   #
   # Useful tools for debugging .debs:
   # List file contents: dpkg -c dist/headscale...deb
@@ -78,8 +104,6 @@ nfpms:
         dst: /usr/lib/systemd/system/headscale.service
       - dst: /var/lib/headscale
         type: dir
-      - src: ./config-example.yaml
-        dst: /usr/share/doc/headscale/examples/config-example.yaml
       - src: LICENSE
         dst: /usr/share/doc/headscale/copyright
     scripts:

.mdformat.toml

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[plugin.mkdocs]
-align_semantic_breaks_in_lists = true

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ repos:
     rev: v6.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: check-added-large-files
-        args: [--maxkb=1024]
       - id: check-case-conflict
       - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
       - id: check-json
@@ -44,20 +43,26 @@ repos:
         entry: prettier --write --list-different
         language: system
         exclude: ^docs/
-        types_or: [javascript, jsx, ts, tsx, yaml, json, toml, html, css, scss, sass, markdown]
-
-      # mdformat for docs
-      - id: mdformat
-        name: mdformat
-        entry: mdformat
-        language: system
-        types_or: [markdown]
-        files: ^docs/
+        types_or:
+          [
+            javascript,
+            jsx,
+            ts,
+            tsx,
+            yaml,
+            json,
+            toml,
+            html,
+            css,
+            scss,
+            sass,
+            markdown,
+          ]
 
       # golangci-lint for Go code quality
       - id: golangci-lint
         name: golangci-lint
-        entry: nix develop --command -- golangci-lint run --new-from-rev=HEAD~1 --timeout=5m --fix
+        entry: nix develop --command golangci-lint run --new-from-rev=HEAD~1 --timeout=5m --fix
         language: system
         types: [go]
         pass_filenames: false

.prettierignore

@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
 .github/workflows/test-integration-v2*
-docs/
+docs/about/features.md
+docs/ref/api.md
+docs/ref/configuration.md
+docs/ref/oidc.md

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,210 +2,6 @@
 
 ## 0.29.0 (202x-xx-xx)
 
-**Minimum supported Tailscale client version: v1.76.0**
-
-### Tailscale ACL compatibility improvements
-
-Extensive test cases were systematically generated using Tailscale clients and the official SaaS
-to understand how the packet filter should be generated. We discovered a few differences, but
-overall our implementation was very close.
-[#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
-
-### SSH check action
-
-SSH rules with `"action": "check"` are now supported. When a client initiates a SSH connection to a node
-with a `check` action policy, the user is prompted to authenticate via OIDC or CLI approval before access
-is granted. OIDC approval requires the authenticated user to own the source node; tagged source nodes
-cannot use SSH check-mode.
-
-A new `headscale auth` CLI command group supports the approval flow:
-
-- `headscale auth approve --auth-id <id>` approves a pending authentication request (SSH check or web auth)
-- `headscale auth reject --auth-id <id>` rejects a pending authentication request
-- `headscale auth register --auth-id <id> --user <user>` registers a node (replaces deprecated `headscale nodes register`)
-
-[#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
-[#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
-
-### Policy tests (beta)
-
-Headscale now evaluates the `tests` block in a policy file. Tests assert reachability between
-named sources and destinations and cover the whole policy — both `acls` and `grants` rules
-contribute. They run on user-initiated writes via `headscale policy set`, the file watcher, and
-`headscale policy check`. A failing test rejects the write before it is applied, with the same
-error message Tailscale SaaS would return for the same policy.
-
-Tests do not run at boot. An already-stored policy that no longer passes — for example because a
-referenced user was deleted while the server was offline — logs a warning and the server keeps
-running.
-
-This feature is **beta** while behavioural coverage against Tailscale SaaS broadens.
-
-[#3229](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3229)
-
-### Grants
-
-We now support [Tailscale grants](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/grants)
-alongside ACLs. Grants extend what you can express in a policy beyond packet filtering: the `app`
-field controls application-level features like Taildrive file sharing and peer relay, and the `via`
-field steers traffic through specific tagged subnet routers or exit nodes. The `ip` field works like
-an ACL rule. Grants can be mixed with ACLs in the same policy file.
-[#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-
-As part of this, we added `autogroup:danger-all`. It resolves to `0.0.0.0/0` and `::/0` — all IP
-addresses, including those outside the tailnet. This replaces the old behaviour where `*` matched
-all IPs (see BREAKING below). The name is intentionally scary: accepting traffic from the entire
-internet is a security-sensitive choice. `autogroup:danger-all` can only be used as a source.
-
-### Hostname handling (cleanroom rewrite)
-
-The hostname ingest pipeline has been rewritten to match Tailscale SaaS byte-for-byte.
-Headscale previously had three overlapping regexes and two disagreeing entry points
-(registration vs map-request update), which caused a recurring class of bugs: names
-containing apostrophes, spaces, dots, or non-ASCII characters were alternately rejected
-(dropping updates with log spam) or stored as `invalid-<rand>` surrogates
-([#3188](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3188),
-[#2926](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2926),
-[#2343](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2343),
-[#2762](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2762),
-[#2177](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2177),
-[#2121](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2121),
-[#2449](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2449),
-[#363](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/363)).
-
-What changed:
-
-- Sanitisation and validation now come directly from
-  `tailscale.com/util/dnsname.SanitizeHostname` / `ValidLabel`.
-- Admin rename (`headscale nodes rename`) now validates via `dnsname.ValidLabel` and
-  rejects labels already held by another node (previously coerced invalid input silently).
-
-Examples that previously regressed and now work:
-
-| Input                | Raw (Hostname)       | DNS label (GivenName) |
-| -------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- |
-| `Joe's Mac mini`     | `Joe's Mac mini`     | `joes-mac-mini`       |
-| `Yuri's MacBook Pro` | `Yuri's MacBook Pro` | `yuris-macbook-pro`   |
-| `Test@Host`          | `Test@Host`          | `test-host`           |
-| `mail.server`        | `mail.server`        | `mail-server`         |
-| `My-PC!`             | `My-PC!`             | `my-pc`               |
-| `我的电脑`           | `我的电脑`           | `node`                |
-
-### BREAKING
-
-#### Hostname handling
-
-- The `GivenName` collision policy changed from an 8-char random hash suffix (`laptop-abc12xyz`) to a monotonic numeric suffix (`laptop`, `laptop-1`, `laptop-2`, …), matching Tailscale SaaS. Empty / all-non-ASCII hostnames now fall back to the literal `node` instead of `invalid-<rand>`. MagicDNS names change on upgrade for any node whose previous label was a random-suffix form; the raw `Hostname` column is unchanged.
-
-#### ACL Policy
-
-- Wildcard (`*`) in ACL sources and destinations now resolves to Tailscale's CGNAT range (`100.64.0.0/10`) and ULA range (`fd7a:115c:a1e0::/48`) instead of all IPs (`0.0.0.0/0` and `::/0`) [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
-  - This better matches Tailscale's security model where `*` means "any node in the tailnet" rather than "any IP address"
-  - Policies that need to match all IP addresses including non-Tailscale IPs should use `autogroup:danger-all` as a source, or explicit CIDR ranges as destinations [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-  - `autogroup:danger-all` can only be used as a source; it cannot be used as a destination
-  - **Note**: Users with non-standard IP ranges configured in `prefixes.ipv4` or `prefixes.ipv6` (which is unsupported and produces a warning) will need to explicitly specify their CIDR ranges in ACL rules instead of using `*`
-- Validate autogroup:self source restrictions matching Tailscale behavior - tags, hosts, and IPs are rejected as sources for autogroup:self destinations [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
-  - Policies using tags, hosts, or IP addresses as sources for autogroup:self destinations will now fail validation
-- The `proto:icmp` protocol name now only includes ICMPv4 (protocol 1), matching Tailscale behavior [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
-  - Previously, `proto:icmp` included both ICMPv4 and ICMPv6
-  - Use `proto:ipv6-icmp` or protocol number `58` explicitly for ICMPv6
-
-#### Upgrade Path
-
-- Headscale now enforces a strict version upgrade path [#3083](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3083)
-  - Skipping minor versions (e.g. 0.27 → 0.29) is blocked; upgrade one minor version at a time
-  - Downgrading to a previous minor version is blocked
-  - Patch version changes within the same minor are always allowed
-
-#### CLI
-
-- `headscale nodes register` is deprecated in favour of `headscale auth register --auth-id <id> --user <user>` [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
-  - The old command continues to work but will be removed in a future release
-
-### HA subnet router health probing
-
-Headscale now actively probes HA subnet routers to detect nodes that are connected but not
-forwarding traffic. The control plane periodically pings HA subnet routers via the Noise
-control channel and fails over to a healthy standby if the primary stops responding. This is
-enabled by default (`node.routes.ha.probe_interval: 10s`, `probe_timeout: 5s`) and only
-active when HA routes exist (2+ nodes advertising the same prefix). Set `probe_interval` to
-`0` to disable. This complements the existing disconnect-based failover, catching "zombie
-connected" routers that maintain their control session but cannot route packets.
-
-### Changes
-
-#### ACL Policy
-
-- Fix subnet-to-subnet peer visibility — subnet routers now correctly become peers when ACL rules reference only subnet CIDRs as sources, without requiring node IP rules [#3175](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3175)
-- Fix filter rule reduction to use only approved subnet routes instead of all advertised routes, matching Tailscale SaaS behavior [#3175](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3175)
-- Add ICMP and IPv6-ICMP protocols to default filter rules when no protocol is specified [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
-- Fix autogroup:self handling for tagged nodes - tagged nodes no longer incorrectly receive autogroup:self filter rules [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
-- Use CIDR format for autogroup:self destination IPs matching Tailscale behavior [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
-- Merge filter rules with identical SrcIPs and IPProto matching Tailscale behavior - multiple ACL rules with the same source now produce a single FilterRule with combined DstPorts [#3036](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3036)
-- Fix exit nodes incorrectly receiving filter rules for destinations that only overlap via exit routes [#3169](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3169) [#3175](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3175)
-- Fix address-based aliases (hosts, raw IPs) incorrectly expanding to include the matching node's other address family [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-- Fix identity-based aliases (tags, users, groups) resolving to IPv4 only; they now include both IPv4 and IPv6 matching Tailscale behavior [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-- Fix wildcard (`*`) source in ACLs now using actually-approved subnet routes instead of autoApprover policy prefixes [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-- Fix non-wildcard source IPs being dropped when combined with wildcard `*` in the same ACL rule [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-- Fix exit node approval not triggering filter rule recalculation for peers [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-- Policy validation error messages now include field context (e.g., `src=`, `dst=`) and are more descriptive [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-- Reject policies whose `user@` tokens match multiple DB users; rename the duplicate via `headscale users rename` to load [#3160](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3160)
-- Evaluate the policy `tests` block on user-initiated writes across both `acls` and `grants`; reject policies whose tests fail (beta) [#1803](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1803)
-
-#### Grants
-
-- Add support for policy grants with `ip`, `app`, and `via` fields [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-- Add `autogroup:danger-all` as a source-only autogroup resolving to all IP addresses [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-- Add capability grants for Taildrive (`cap/drive`) and peer relay (`cap/relay`) with automatic companion capabilities [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-- Add per-viewer via route steering — grants with `via` tags control which subnet router or exit node handles traffic for each group of viewers [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-- Enable Taildrive node attributes on all nodes; actual access is controlled by `cap/drive` grants [#2180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2180)
-
-#### SSH Policy
-
-- Add support for `localpart:*@<domain>` in SSH rule `users` field, mapping each matching user's email local-part as their OS username [#3091](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3091)
-- Add SSH `check` action support with OIDC and CLI-based approval flows [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
-
-#### CLI
-
-- Add `headscale auth register`, `headscale auth approve`, and `headscale auth reject` CLI commands [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
-- Deprecate `headscale nodes register --key` in favour of `headscale auth register --auth-id` [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
-- `headscale policy check --bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly` validates `user@` tokens against the live user database [#3160](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3160)
-- Remove deprecated `--namespace` flag from `nodes list`, `nodes register`, and `debug create-node` commands (use `--user` instead) [#3093](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3093)
-- Remove deprecated `namespace`/`ns` command aliases for `users` and `machine`/`machines` aliases for `nodes` [#3093](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3093)
-- **User deletion**: Fix `DestroyUser` deleting all pre-auth keys in the database instead of only the target user's keys [#3155](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3155)
-- `headscale policy check` evaluates the `tests` block when invoked with `--bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly`; without the flag it warns instead of running the tests against empty data [#1803](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1803)
-
-#### API
-
-- Add `auth` related routes. The `auth/register` endpoint now expects data as JSON [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
-- Remove gRPC reflection from the remote (TCP) server [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
-
-#### OIDC
-
-- Add a confirmation page before completing node registration, showing the device hostname and machine key fingerprint [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
-- Generalise auth templates into reusable `AuthSuccess` and `AuthWeb` components [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
-- Unify auth pipeline with `AuthVerdict` type, supporting registration, reauthentication, and SSH checks [#1850](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1850)
-
-#### Configuration
-
-- Add `node.expiry` configuration option to set a default node key expiry for nodes registered via auth key [#3122](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3122)
-  - Tagged nodes (registered with tagged pre-auth keys) are exempt from default expiry
-  - `oidc.expiry` has been removed; use `node.expiry` instead (applies to all registration methods including OIDC)
-  - `ephemeral_node_inactivity_timeout` is deprecated in favour of `node.ephemeral.inactivity_timeout`
-
-#### Debug
-
-- Add node connectivity ping page for verifying control-plane reachability [#3183](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3183)
-- Omit secret fields (`Pass`, `ClientSecret`, `APIKey`) from `/debug/config` JSON output [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
-- Route `statsviz` through `tsweb.Protected` [#3180](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3180)
-
-#### Other
-
-- Remove old migrations for the debian package [#3185](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3185)
-- Install `config-example.yaml` as example for the debian package [#3186](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3186)
-- **Node Expiry**: Fix user owned re registration with zero client expiry and no default storing `0001-01-01 00:00:00` in the database instead of NULL [#3199](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/3199)
-  - Pre-existing rows with `0001-01-01 00:00:00` are not backfilled; they clear themselves the next time the node re-registers
-
 ## 0.28.0 (2026-02-04)
 
 **Minimum supported Tailscale client version: v1.74.0**
@@ -215,7 +11,7 @@ connected" routers that maintain their control session but cannot route packets.
 Tags are now implemented following the Tailscale model where tags and user ownership are mutually exclusive. Devices can be either
 user-owned (authenticated via web/OIDC) or tagged (authenticated via tagged PreAuthKeys). Tagged devices receive their identity from
 tags rather than users, making them suitable for servers and infrastructure. Applying a tag to a device removes user-based
-ownership. See the [Tailscale tags documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tags) for details on how tags work.
+ownership. See the [Tailscale tags documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1068/tags) for details on how tags work.
 
 User-owned nodes can now request tags during registration using `--advertise-tags`. Tags are validated against the `tagOwners` policy
 and applied at registration time. Tags can be managed via the CLI or API after registration. Tagged nodes can return to user-owned
@@ -314,7 +110,7 @@ sequentially through each stable release, selecting the latest patch version ava
 
 - **SSH Policy**: SSH source/destination validation now enforces Tailscale's security model [#3010](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/3010)
 
-  Per [Tailscale SSH documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-ssh), the following rules are now enforced:
+  Per [Tailscale SSH documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1193/tailscale-ssh), the following rules are now enforced:
   1. **Tags cannot SSH to user-owned devices**: SSH rules with `tag:*` or `autogroup:tagged` as source cannot have username destinations (e.g., `alice@`) or `autogroup:member`/`autogroup:self` as destination
   2. **Username destinations require same-user source**: If destination is a specific username (e.g., `alice@`), the source must be that exact same user only. Use `autogroup:self` for same-user SSH access instead
 
@@ -443,8 +239,8 @@ DERPMap updates when upstream is changed.
 
 This release adds support for the three missing autogroups: `self`
 (experimental), `member`, and `tagged`. Please refer to the
-[documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/targets-and-selectors#autogroups)
-for a detailed explanation.
+[documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/autogroups/) for a detailed
+explanation.
 
 `autogroup:self` is marked as experimental and should be used with caution, but
 we need help testing it. Experimental here means two things; first, generating
@@ -607,7 +403,7 @@ The SSH policy has been reworked to be more consistent with the rest of the
 policy. In addition, several inconsistencies between our implementation and
 Tailscale's upstream has been closed and this might be a breaking change for
 some users. Please refer to the
-[upstream documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#tailscale-ssh)
+[upstream documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1337/acl-syntax#tailscale-ssh)
 for more information on which types are allowed in `src`, `dst` and `users`.
 
 There is one large inconsistency left, we allow `*` as a destination as we
@@ -1121,7 +917,7 @@ part of adopting [#1460](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1460).
 
 - Added support for Tailscale TS2021 protocol [#738](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/738)
 - Add experimental support for
-  [SSH ACL](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#tailscale-ssh) (see docs for
+  [SSH ACL](https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/#tailscale-ssh) (see docs for
   limitations) [#847](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/847)
   - Please note that this support should be considered _partially_ implemented
   - SSH ACLs status:
@@ -1198,7 +994,7 @@ part of adopting [#1460](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1460).
 ### BREAKING
 
 - Old ACL syntax is no longer supported ("users" & "ports" -> "src" & "dst").
-  Please check [the new syntax](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/acls).
+  Please check [the new syntax](https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/).
 
 ### Changes
 
@@ -1228,7 +1024,7 @@ part of adopting [#1460](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1460).
 - Add -c option to specify config file from command line [#285](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/285)
   [#612](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/601)
 - Add configuration option to allow Tailscale clients to use a random WireGuard
-  port. [Tailscale docs](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#randomizeclientport)
+  port. [kb/1181/firewalls](https://tailscale.com/kb/1181/firewalls)
   [#624](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/624)
 - Improve obtuse UX regarding missing configuration
   (`ephemeral_node_inactivity_timeout` not set)

Dockerfile.derper

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # For testing purposes only
 
-FROM golang:1.26.3-alpine AS build-env
+FROM golang:alpine AS build-env
 
 WORKDIR /go/src
 

Dockerfile.integration

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # and are in no way endorsed by Headscale's maintainers as an
 # official nor supported release or distribution.
 
-FROM docker.io/golang:1.26.1-trixie AS builder
+FROM docker.io/golang:1.25-trixie AS builder
 ARG VERSION=dev
 ENV GOPATH /go
 WORKDIR /go/src/headscale

Dockerfile.tailscale-HEAD

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # This Dockerfile is more or less lifted from tailscale/tailscale
 # to ensure a similar build process when testing the HEAD of tailscale.
 
-FROM golang:1.26.3-alpine AS build-env
+FROM golang:1.25-alpine AS build-env
 
 WORKDIR /go/src
 

Dockerfile.tailscale-rs

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-FROM rust:1.94-bookworm AS builder
-
-ARG TAILSCALE_RS_REPO=https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale-rs.git
-ARG TAILSCALE_RS_REF=main
-
-WORKDIR /app
-RUN git clone --depth 1 --branch "$TAILSCALE_RS_REF" "$TAILSCALE_RS_REPO" .
-
-# Re-export ts_control's insecure-keyfetch feature through the tailscale
-# crate so the axum example can fetch the headscale control key over
-# plain HTTP. The integration harness serves the control plane without
-# TLS, and upstream only allows plain-HTTP key fetches when this Cargo
-# feature is compiled in.
-RUN sed -i '/^axum = \["dep:axum"\]/a insecure-keyfetch = ["ts_control/insecure-keyfetch"]' Cargo.toml
-
-RUN cargo build --release --features axum,insecure-keyfetch --example axum
-
-FROM debian:bookworm-slim
-
-RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-    ca-certificates \
-    iproute2 \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-
-COPY --from=builder /app/target/release/examples/axum /usr/local/bin/axum

Makefile

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ endef
 # Source file collections using shell find for better performance
 GO_SOURCES := $(shell find . -name '*.go' -not -path './gen/*' -not -path './vendor/*')
 PROTO_SOURCES := $(shell find . -name '*.proto' -not -path './gen/*' -not -path './vendor/*')
-PRETTIER_SOURCES := $(shell find . \( -name '*.md' -o -name '*.yaml' -o -name '*.yml' -o -name '*.ts' -o -name '*.js' -o -name '*.html' -o -name '*.css' -o -name '*.scss' -o -name '*.sass' \) -not -path './gen/*' -not -path './vendor/*' -not -path './node_modules/*')
+DOC_SOURCES := $(shell find . \( -name '*.md' -o -name '*.yaml' -o -name '*.yml' -o -name '*.ts' -o -name '*.js' -o -name '*.html' -o -name '*.css' -o -name '*.scss' -o -name '*.sass' \) -not -path './gen/*' -not -path './vendor/*' -not -path './node_modules/*')
 
 # Default target
 .PHONY: all
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ check-deps:
 	$(call check_tool,go)
 	$(call check_tool,golangci-lint)
 	$(call check_tool,gofumpt)
-	$(call check_tool,mdformat)
 	$(call check_tool,prettier)
 	$(call check_tool,clang-format)
 	$(call check_tool,buf)
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ test: check-deps $(GO_SOURCES) go.mod go.sum
 
 # Formatting targets
 .PHONY: fmt
-fmt: fmt-go fmt-mdformat fmt-prettier fmt-proto
+fmt: fmt-go fmt-prettier fmt-proto
 
 .PHONY: fmt-go
 fmt-go: check-deps $(GO_SOURCES)
@@ -61,14 +60,9 @@ fmt-go: check-deps $(GO_SOURCES)
 	gofumpt -l -w .
 	golangci-lint run --fix
 
-.PHONY: fmt-mdformat
-fmt-mdformat: check-deps
-	@echo "Formatting documentation..."
-	mdformat docs/
-
 .PHONY: fmt-prettier
-fmt-prettier: check-deps $(PRETTIER_SOURCES)
-	@echo "Formatting markup and config files..."
+fmt-prettier: check-deps $(DOC_SOURCES)
+	@echo "Formatting documentation and config files..."
 	prettier --write '**/*.{ts,js,md,yaml,yml,sass,css,scss,html}'
 
 .PHONY: fmt-proto
@@ -105,11 +99,6 @@ clean:
 .PHONY: dev
 dev: fmt lint test build
 
-# Start a local headscale dev server (use mts to add nodes)
-.PHONY: dev-server
-dev-server:
-	go run ./cmd/dev
-
 # Help target
 .PHONY: help
 help:
@@ -127,8 +116,7 @@ help:
 	@echo ""
 	@echo "Specific targets:"
 	@echo "  fmt-go       - Format Go code only"
-	@echo "  fmt-mdformat - Format documentation only"
-	@echo "  fmt-prettier - Format markup and config files only"
+	@echo "  fmt-prettier - Format documentation only"
 	@echo "  fmt-proto    - Format Protocol Buffer files only"
 	@echo "  lint-go      - Lint Go code only"
 	@echo "  lint-proto   - Lint Protocol Buffer files only"

README.md

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ nodes in the Tailscale network. It assigns the IP addresses of the clients,
 creates the boundaries between each user, enables sharing machines between users,
 and exposes the advertised routes of your nodes.
 
-A [Tailscale network (tailnet)](https://tailscale.com/docs/concepts/tailnet) is
-private network which Tailscale assigns to a user in terms of private users or an
+A [Tailscale network (tailnet)](https://tailscale.com/kb/1136/tailnet/) is private
+network which Tailscale assigns to a user in terms of private users or an
 organisation.
 
 ## Design goal
@@ -65,16 +65,8 @@ Please have a look at the [`documentation`](https://headscale.net/stable/).
 
 For NixOS users, a module is available in [`nix/`](./nix/).
 
-## Builds from `main`
-
-Development builds from the `main` branch are available as container images and
-binaries. See the [development builds](https://headscale.net/stable/setup/install/main/)
-documentation for details.
-
 ## Talks
 
-- Fosdem 2026 (video): [Headscale & Tailscale: The complementary open source clone](https://fosdem.org/2026/schedule/event/KYQ3LL-headscale-the-complementary-open-source-clone/)
-  - presented by Kristoffer Dalby
 - Fosdem 2023 (video): [Headscale: How we are using integration testing to reimplement Tailscale](https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/goheadscale/)
   - presented by Juan Font Alonso and Kristoffer Dalby
 
@@ -113,8 +105,6 @@ run `make lint` and `make fmt` before committing any code.
 The **Proto** code is linted with [`buf`](https://docs.buf.build/lint/overview) and
 formatted with [`clang-format`](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html).
 
-The **docs** are formatted with [`mdformat`](https://mdformat.readthedocs.io).
-
 The **rest** (Markdown, YAML, etc) is formatted with [`prettier`](https://prettier.io).
 
 Check out the `.golangci.yaml` and `Makefile` to see the specific configuration.

cmd/dev/README.md

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-# cmd/dev -- Local Development Environment
-
-Starts a headscale server on localhost with a pre-created user and
-pre-auth key. Pair with `mts` to add real tailscale nodes.
-
-## Quick start
-
-```bash
-# Terminal 1: start headscale
-go run ./cmd/dev
-
-# Terminal 2: start mts server
-go tool mts server run
-
-# Terminal 3: add and connect nodes
-go tool mts server add node1
-go tool mts server add node2
-
-# Disable logtail (avoids startup delays, see "Known issues" below)
-for n in node1 node2; do
-  cat > ~/.config/multi-tailscale-dev/$n/env.txt << 'EOF'
-TS_NO_LOGS_NO_SUPPORT=true
-EOF
-done
-
-# Restart nodes so env.txt takes effect
-go tool mts server stop node1 && go tool mts server start node1
-go tool mts server stop node2 && go tool mts server start node2
-
-# Connect to headscale (use the auth key printed by cmd/dev)
-go tool mts node1 up --login-server=http://127.0.0.1:8080 --authkey=<KEY> --reset
-go tool mts node2 up --login-server=http://127.0.0.1:8080 --authkey=<KEY> --reset
-
-# Verify
-go tool mts node1 status
-```
-
-## Flags
-
-| Flag     | Default | Description                  |
-| -------- | ------- | ---------------------------- |
-| `--port` | 8080    | Headscale listen port        |
-| `--keep` | false   | Keep state directory on exit |
-
-The metrics/debug port is `port + 1010` (default 9090) and the gRPC
-port is `port + 42363` (default 50443).
-
-## What it does
-
-1. Builds the headscale binary into a temp directory
-2. Writes a minimal dev config (SQLite, public DERP, debug logging)
-3. Starts `headscale serve` as a subprocess
-4. Creates a "dev" user and a reusable 24h pre-auth key via the CLI
-5. Prints a banner with server URL, auth key, and usage instructions
-6. Blocks until Ctrl+C, then kills headscale
-
-State lives in `/tmp/headscale-dev-*/`. Pass `--keep` to preserve it
-across restarts (useful for inspecting the database or reusing keys).
-
-## Useful endpoints
-
-- `http://127.0.0.1:8080/health` -- health check
-- `http://127.0.0.1:9090/debug/ping` -- interactive ping UI
-- `http://127.0.0.1:9090/debug/ping?node=1` -- quick-ping a node
-- `POST http://127.0.0.1:9090/debug/ping` with `node=<id>` -- trigger ping
-
-## Managing headscale
-
-The banner prints the full path to the built binary and config. Use it
-for any headscale CLI command:
-
-```bash
-/tmp/headscale-dev-*/headscale -c /tmp/headscale-dev-*/config.yaml nodes list
-/tmp/headscale-dev-*/headscale -c /tmp/headscale-dev-*/config.yaml users list
-```
-
-## Known issues
-
-### Logtail delays on mts nodes
-
-Freshly created `mts` instances may take 30+ seconds to start if
-`~/.local/share/tailscale/` contains stale logtail cache from previous
-tailscaled runs. The daemon blocks trying to upload old logs before
-creating its socket.
-
-Fix: write `TS_NO_LOGS_NO_SUPPORT=true` to each instance's `env.txt`
-before starting (or restart after writing). See the quick start above.
-
-### mts node cleanup
-
-`mts` stores state in `~/.config/multi-tailscale-dev/`. Old instances
-accumulate over time. Clean them with:
-
-```bash
-go tool mts server rm <name>
-```

cmd/dev/main.go

@@ -1,314 +0,0 @@
-// cmd/dev starts a local headscale development server with a pre-created
-// user and pre-auth key, ready for connecting tailscale nodes via mts.
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"os/signal"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
-)
-
-var (
-	port = flag.Int("port", 8080, "headscale listen port")
-	keep = flag.Bool("keep", false, "keep state directory on exit")
-)
-
-var errHealthTimeout = errors.New("health check timed out")
-
-var errEmptyAuthKey = errors.New("empty auth key in response")
-
-// maxDevPort is the highest --port value that keeps both the derived
-// metrics port (port+1010) and gRPC port (port+42363) inside the valid
-// 1..65535 TCP range.
-const maxDevPort = 23172
-
-const devConfig = `---
-server_url: http://127.0.0.1:%d
-listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:%d
-metrics_listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:%d
-grpc_listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:%d
-grpc_allow_insecure: true
-
-noise:
-  private_key_path: %s/noise_private.key
-
-prefixes:
-  v4: 100.64.0.0/10
-  v6: fd7a:115c:a1e0::/48
-  allocation: sequential
-
-database:
-  type: sqlite
-  sqlite:
-    path: %s/db.sqlite
-    write_ahead_log: true
-
-derp:
-  server:
-    enabled: false
-  urls:
-    - https://controlplane.tailscale.com/derpmap/default
-  auto_update_enabled: false
-
-dns:
-  magic_dns: true
-  base_domain: headscale.dev
-  override_local_dns: false
-
-log:
-  level: debug
-  format: text
-
-policy:
-  mode: database
-
-unix_socket: %s/headscale.sock
-unix_socket_permission: "0770"
-`
-
-func main() {
-	flag.Parse()
-	log.SetFlags(0)
-
-	if *port < 1 || *port > maxDevPort {
-		log.Fatalf(
-			"--port must be in 1..%d (higher values overflow the derived gRPC port); got %d",
-			maxDevPort, *port,
-		)
-	}
-
-	http.DefaultClient.Timeout = 2 * time.Second
-	http.DefaultClient.CheckRedirect = func(*http.Request, []*http.Request) error {
-		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
-	}
-
-	err := run()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}
-
-func run() error {
-	metricsPort := *port + 1010 // default 9090
-	grpcPort := *port + 42363   // default 50443
-
-	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale-dev-")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating temp dir: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if !*keep {
-		defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
-	}
-
-	// Write config.
-	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml")
-	configContent := fmt.Sprintf(devConfig,
-		*port, *port, metricsPort, grpcPort,
-		tmpDir, tmpDir, tmpDir,
-	)
-
-	err = os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(configContent), 0o600)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("writing config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Build headscale.
-	fmt.Println("Building headscale...")
-
-	hsBin := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "headscale")
-
-	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
-	defer stop()
-
-	build := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "go", "build", "-o", hsBin, "./cmd/headscale")
-	build.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	build.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-	err = build.Run()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("building headscale: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Start headscale serve.
-	fmt.Println("Starting headscale server...")
-
-	serve := exec.CommandContext(ctx, hsBin, "serve", "-c", configPath)
-	serve.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	serve.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-	err = serve.Start()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("starting headscale: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Wait for server to be ready.
-	healthURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d/health", *port)
-
-	err = waitForHealth(ctx, healthURL, 30*time.Second)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("waiting for headscale: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Create user.
-	fmt.Println("Creating user and pre-auth key...")
-
-	userJSON, err := runHS(ctx, hsBin, configPath, "users", "create", "dev", "-o", "json")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating user: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	userID, err := extractUserID(userJSON)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parsing user: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Create pre-auth key.
-	keyJSON, err := runHS(
-		ctx, hsBin, configPath,
-		"preauthkeys", "create",
-		"-u", strconv.FormatUint(userID, 10),
-		"--reusable",
-		"-e", "24h",
-		"-o", "json",
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating pre-auth key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	authKey, err := extractAuthKey(keyJSON)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parsing pre-auth key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Print banner.
-	fmt.Printf(`
-=== Headscale Dev Environment ===
-  Server:  http://127.0.0.1:%d
-  Metrics: http://127.0.0.1:%d
-  Debug:   http://127.0.0.1:%d/debug/ping
-  Config:  %s
-  State:   %s
-
-Pre-auth key: %s
-
-Connect nodes with mts:
-  go tool mts server run                  # start mts (once, another terminal)
-  go tool mts server add node1            # create a node
-  go tool mts node1 up --login-server=http://127.0.0.1:%d --authkey=%s
-  go tool mts node1 status                # check connection
-
-Manage headscale:
-  %s -c %s nodes list
-  %s -c %s users list
-
-Press Ctrl+C to stop.
-`,
-		*port, metricsPort, metricsPort,
-		configPath, tmpDir,
-		authKey,
-		*port, authKey,
-		hsBin, configPath,
-		hsBin, configPath,
-	)
-
-	// Wait for headscale to exit.
-	err = serve.Wait()
-	if err != nil {
-		// Context cancellation is expected on Ctrl+C.
-		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			fmt.Println("\nShutting down...")
-
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		return fmt.Errorf("headscale exited: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// waitForHealth polls the health endpoint until it returns 200 or the
-// timeout expires.
-func waitForHealth(ctx context.Context, url string, timeout time.Duration) error {
-	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
-
-	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
-		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-
-		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
-		if err == nil {
-			resp.Body.Close()
-
-			if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Busy-wait is acceptable for a dev tool polling a local server.
-		time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond) //nolint:forbidigo
-	}
-
-	return errHealthTimeout
-}
-
-// runHS executes a headscale CLI command and returns its stdout.
-func runHS(ctx context.Context, bin, config string, args ...string) ([]byte, error) {
-	fullArgs := append([]string{"-c", config}, args...)
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, bin, fullArgs...)
-	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-	return cmd.Output()
-}
-
-// extractUserID parses the JSON output of "users create" and returns the
-// user ID.
-func extractUserID(data []byte) (uint64, error) {
-	var user struct {
-		ID uint64 `json:"id"`
-	}
-
-	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &user)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unmarshalling user JSON: %w (raw: %s)", err, data)
-	}
-
-	return user.ID, nil
-}
-
-// extractAuthKey parses the JSON output of "preauthkeys create" and
-// returns the key string.
-func extractAuthKey(data []byte) (string, error) {
-	var key struct {
-		Key string `json:"key"`
-	}
-
-	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("unmarshalling key JSON: %w (raw: %s)", err, data)
-	}
-
-	if key.Key == "" {
-		return "", errEmptyAuthKey
-	}
-
-	return key.Key, nil
-}

cmd/headscale/cli/api_key.go

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
+	"time"
 
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 )
 
 const (
-	// DefaultAPIKeyExpiry is 90 days.
+	// 90 days.
 	DefaultAPIKeyExpiry = "90d"
 )
 
@@ -44,35 +46,55 @@ var listAPIKeys = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list",
 	Short:   "List the Api keys for headscale",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		response, err := client.ListApiKeys(ctx, &v1.ListApiKeysRequest{})
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.ListApiKeysRequest{}
+
+		response, err := client.ListApiKeys(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing api keys: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting the list of keys: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetApiKeys(), func() error {
-			tableData := pterm.TableData{
-				{"ID", "Prefix", "Expiration", "Created"},
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(response.GetApiKeys(), "", output)
+		}
+
+		tableData := pterm.TableData{
+			{"ID", "Prefix", "Expiration", "Created"},
+		}
+		for _, key := range response.GetApiKeys() {
+			expiration := "-"
+
+			if key.GetExpiration() != nil {
+				expiration = ColourTime(key.GetExpiration().AsTime())
 			}
 
-			for _, key := range response.GetApiKeys() {
-				expiration := "-"
+			tableData = append(tableData, []string{
+				strconv.FormatUint(key.GetId(), util.Base10),
+				key.GetPrefix(),
+				expiration,
+				key.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
+			})
 
-				if key.GetExpiration() != nil {
-					expiration = ColourTime(key.GetExpiration().AsTime())
-				}
-
-				tableData = append(tableData, []string{
-					strconv.FormatUint(key.GetId(), util.Base10),
-					key.GetPrefix(),
-					expiration,
-					key.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
-				})
-			}
-
-			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
-		})
-	}),
+		}
+		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+	},
 }
 
 var createAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
@@ -81,81 +103,139 @@ var createAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Long: `
 Creates a new Api key, the Api key is only visible on creation
 and cannot be retrieved again.
-If you lose a key, create a new one and revoke (expire) the old one.`,
+If you loose a key, create a new one and revoke (expire) the old one.`,
 	Aliases: []string{"c", "new"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		expiration, err := expirationFromFlag(cmd)
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		request := &v1.CreateApiKeyRequest{}
+
+		durationStr, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiration")
+
+		duration, err := model.ParseDuration(durationStr)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Could not parse duration: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		response, err := client.CreateApiKey(ctx, &v1.CreateApiKeyRequest{
-			Expiration: expiration,
-		})
+		expiration := time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Duration(duration))
+
+		request.Expiration = timestamppb.New(expiration)
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		response, err := client.CreateApiKey(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating api key: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create Api Key: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetApiKey(), response.GetApiKey())
-	}),
-}
-
-// apiKeyIDOrPrefix reads --id and --prefix from cmd and validates that
-// exactly one is provided.
-func apiKeyIDOrPrefix(cmd *cobra.Command) (uint64, string, error) {
-	id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
-	prefix, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("prefix")
-
-	switch {
-	case id == 0 && prefix == "":
-		return 0, "", fmt.Errorf("either --id or --prefix must be provided: %w", errMissingParameter)
-	case id != 0 && prefix != "":
-		return 0, "", fmt.Errorf("only one of --id or --prefix can be provided: %w", errMissingParameter)
-	}
-
-	return id, prefix, nil
+		SuccessOutput(response.GetApiKey(), response.GetApiKey(), output)
+	},
 }
 
 var expireAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "expire",
 	Short:   "Expire an ApiKey",
 	Aliases: []string{"revoke", "exp", "e"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, prefix, err := apiKeyIDOrPrefix(cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
+		prefix, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("prefix")
+
+		switch {
+		case id == 0 && prefix == "":
+			ErrorOutput(
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Either --id or --prefix must be provided",
+				output,
+			)
+		case id != 0 && prefix != "":
+			ErrorOutput(
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Only one of --id or --prefix can be provided",
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		response, err := client.ExpireApiKey(ctx, &v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest{
-			Id:     id,
-			Prefix: prefix,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("expiring api key: %w", err)
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest{}
+		if id != 0 {
+			request.Id = id
+		} else {
+			request.Prefix = prefix
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key expired")
-	}),
+		response, err := client.ExpireApiKey(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot expire Api Key: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+
+		SuccessOutput(response, "Key expired", output)
+	},
 }
 
 var deleteAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "delete",
 	Short:   "Delete an ApiKey",
 	Aliases: []string{"remove", "del"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, prefix, err := apiKeyIDOrPrefix(cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
+		prefix, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("prefix")
+
+		switch {
+		case id == 0 && prefix == "":
+			ErrorOutput(
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Either --id or --prefix must be provided",
+				output,
+			)
+		case id != 0 && prefix != "":
+			ErrorOutput(
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Only one of --id or --prefix can be provided",
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		response, err := client.DeleteApiKey(ctx, &v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest{
-			Id:     id,
-			Prefix: prefix,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("deleting api key: %w", err)
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest{}
+		if id != 0 {
+			request.Id = id
+		} else {
+			request.Prefix = prefix
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key deleted")
-	}),
+		response, err := client.DeleteApiKey(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot delete Api Key: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+
+		SuccessOutput(response, "Key deleted", output)
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/auth.go

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-
-	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(authCmd)
-
-	authRegisterCmd.Flags().StringP("user", "u", "", "User")
-	authRegisterCmd.Flags().String("auth-id", "", "Auth ID")
-	mustMarkRequired(authRegisterCmd, "user", "auth-id")
-	authCmd.AddCommand(authRegisterCmd)
-
-	authApproveCmd.Flags().String("auth-id", "", "Auth ID")
-	mustMarkRequired(authApproveCmd, "auth-id")
-	authCmd.AddCommand(authApproveCmd)
-
-	authRejectCmd.Flags().String("auth-id", "", "Auth ID")
-	mustMarkRequired(authRejectCmd, "auth-id")
-	authCmd.AddCommand(authRejectCmd)
-}
-
-var authCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "auth",
-	Short: "Manage node authentication and approval",
-}
-
-var authRegisterCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "register",
-	Short: "Register a node to your network",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
-		authID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("auth-id")
-
-		request := &v1.AuthRegisterRequest{
-			AuthId: authID,
-			User:   user,
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.AuthRegister(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("registering node: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(
-			cmd,
-			response.GetNode(),
-			fmt.Sprintf("Node %s registered", response.GetNode().GetGivenName()))
-	}),
-}
-
-var authApproveCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "approve",
-	Short: "Approve a pending authentication request",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		authID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("auth-id")
-
-		request := &v1.AuthApproveRequest{
-			AuthId: authID,
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.AuthApprove(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("approving auth request: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Auth request approved")
-	}),
-}
-
-var authRejectCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "reject",
-	Short: "Reject a pending authentication request",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		authID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("auth-id")
-
-		request := &v1.AuthRejectRequest{
-			AuthId: authID,
-		}
-
-		response, err := client.AuthReject(ctx, request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("rejecting auth request: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Auth request rejected")
-	}),
-}

cmd/headscale/cli/configtest.go

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
@@ -14,12 +13,10 @@ var configTestCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "configtest",
 	Short: "Test the configuration.",
 	Long:  "Run a test of the configuration and exit.",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		_, err := newHeadscaleServerWithConfig()
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("configuration error: %w", err)
+			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msg("Error initializing")
 		}
-
-		return nil
 	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/debug.go

@@ -1,22 +1,44 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 )
 
+// Error is used to compare errors as per https://dave.cheney.net/2016/04/07/constant-errors
+type Error string
+
+func (e Error) Error() string { return string(e) }
+
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(debugCmd)
 
 	createNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("name", "", "", "Name")
+	err := createNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("name")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
+	}
 	createNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("user", "u", "", "User")
-	createNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("key", "k", "", "Key")
-	mustMarkRequired(createNodeCmd, "name", "user", "key")
 
+	createNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("namespace", "n", "", "User")
+	createNodeNamespaceFlag := createNodeCmd.Flags().Lookup("namespace")
+	createNodeNamespaceFlag.Deprecated = deprecateNamespaceMessage
+	createNodeNamespaceFlag.Hidden = true
+
+	err = createNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("user")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
+	}
+	createNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("key", "k", "", "Key")
+	err = createNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("key")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
+	}
 	createNodeCmd.Flags().
 		StringSliceP("route", "r", []string{}, "List (or repeated flags) of routes to advertise")
 
@@ -31,18 +53,54 @@ var debugCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 var createNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "create-node",
-	Short: "Create a node that can be registered with `auth register <>` command",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
-		name, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("name")
-		registrationID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("key")
+	Short: "Create a node that can be registered with `nodes register <>` command",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		_, err := types.AuthIDFromString(registrationID)
+		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("parsing machine key: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
 		}
 
-		routes, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("route")
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		name, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("name")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting node from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+
+		registrationID, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("key")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting key from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+
+		_, err = types.RegistrationIDFromString(registrationID)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse machine key from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+
+		routes, err := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("route")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting routes from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
 
 		request := &v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest{
 			Key:    registrationID,
@@ -53,9 +111,13 @@ var createNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		response, err := client.DebugCreateNode(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating node: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				"Cannot create node: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node created")
-	}),
+		SuccessOutput(response.GetNode(), "Node created", output)
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/dump_config.go

@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ var dumpConfigCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:    "dumpConfig",
 	Short:  "dump current config to /etc/headscale/config.dump.yaml, integration test only",
 	Hidden: true,
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		err := viper.WriteConfigAs("/etc/headscale/config.dump.yaml")
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("dumping config: %w", err)
-		}
-
+	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return nil
 	},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		err := viper.WriteConfigAs("/etc/headscale/config.dump.yaml")
+		if err != nil {
+			//nolint
+			fmt.Println("Failed to dump config")
+		}
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/generate.go

@@ -21,17 +21,22 @@ var generateCmd = &cobra.Command{
 var generatePrivateKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "private-key",
 	Short: "Generate a private key for the headscale server",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 		machineKey := key.NewMachine()
 
 		machineKeyStr, err := machineKey.MarshalText()
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("marshalling machine key: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting machine key from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, map[string]string{
+		SuccessOutput(map[string]string{
 			"private_key": string(machineKeyStr),
 		},
-			string(machineKeyStr))
+			string(machineKeyStr), output)
 	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/health.go

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
@@ -16,12 +13,17 @@ var healthCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "health",
 	Short: "Check the health of the Headscale server",
 	Long:  "Check the health of the Headscale server. This command will return an exit code of 0 if the server is healthy, or 1 if it is not.",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
 		response, err := client.Health(ctx, &v1.HealthRequest{})
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("checking health: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(err, "Error checking health", output)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "")
-	}),
+		SuccessOutput(response, "", output)
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/mockoidc.go

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -10,22 +10,15 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util/zlog/zf"
 	"github.com/oauth2-proxy/mockoidc"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-// Error is used to compare errors as per https://dave.cheney.net/2016/04/07/constant-errors
-type Error string
-
-func (e Error) Error() string { return string(e) }
-
 const (
 	errMockOidcClientIDNotDefined     = Error("MOCKOIDC_CLIENT_ID not defined")
 	errMockOidcClientSecretNotDefined = Error("MOCKOIDC_CLIENT_SECRET not defined")
 	errMockOidcPortNotDefined         = Error("MOCKOIDC_PORT not defined")
-	errMockOidcUsersNotDefined        = Error("MOCKOIDC_USERS not defined")
 	refreshTTL                        = 60 * time.Minute
 )
 
@@ -39,13 +32,12 @@ var mockOidcCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "mockoidc",
 	Short: "Runs a mock OIDC server for testing",
 	Long:  "This internal command runs a OpenID Connect for testing purposes",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		err := mockOIDC()
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("running mock OIDC server: %w", err)
+			log.Error().Err(err).Msgf("Error running mock OIDC server")
+			os.Exit(1)
 		}
-
-		return nil
 	},
 }
 
@@ -54,47 +46,41 @@ func mockOIDC() error {
 	if clientID == "" {
 		return errMockOidcClientIDNotDefined
 	}
-
 	clientSecret := os.Getenv("MOCKOIDC_CLIENT_SECRET")
 	if clientSecret == "" {
 		return errMockOidcClientSecretNotDefined
 	}
-
 	addrStr := os.Getenv("MOCKOIDC_ADDR")
 	if addrStr == "" {
 		return errMockOidcPortNotDefined
 	}
-
 	portStr := os.Getenv("MOCKOIDC_PORT")
 	if portStr == "" {
 		return errMockOidcPortNotDefined
 	}
-
 	accessTTLOverride := os.Getenv("MOCKOIDC_ACCESS_TTL")
 	if accessTTLOverride != "" {
 		newTTL, err := time.ParseDuration(accessTTLOverride)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-
 		accessTTL = newTTL
 	}
 
 	userStr := os.Getenv("MOCKOIDC_USERS")
 	if userStr == "" {
-		return errMockOidcUsersNotDefined
+		return errors.New("MOCKOIDC_USERS not defined")
 	}
 
 	var users []mockoidc.MockUser
-
 	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(userStr), &users)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unmarshalling users: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	log.Info().Interface(zf.Users, users).Msg("loading users from JSON")
+	log.Info().Interface("users", users).Msg("loading users from JSON")
 
-	log.Info().Msgf("access token TTL: %s", accessTTL)
+	log.Info().Msgf("Access token TTL: %s", accessTTL)
 
 	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -106,7 +92,7 @@ func mockOIDC() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	listener, err := new(net.ListenConfig).Listen(context.Background(), "tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", addrStr, port))
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", addrStr, port))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -115,10 +101,8 @@ func mockOIDC() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	log.Info().Msgf("mock OIDC server listening on %s", listener.Addr().String())
-	log.Info().Msgf("issuer: %s", mock.Issuer())
-
+	log.Info().Msgf("Mock OIDC server listening on %s", listener.Addr().String())
+	log.Info().Msgf("Issuer: %s", mock.Issuer())
 	c := make(chan struct{})
 	<-c
 
@@ -149,13 +133,12 @@ func getMockOIDC(clientID string, clientSecret string, users []mockoidc.MockUser
 		ErrorQueue:                    &mockoidc.ErrorQueue{},
 	}
 
-	_ = mock.AddMiddleware(func(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	mock.AddMiddleware(func(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			log.Info().Msgf("request: %+v", r)
+			log.Info().Msgf("Request: %+v", r)
 			h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
-
 			if r.Response != nil {
-				log.Info().Msgf("response: %+v", r.Response)
+				log.Info().Msgf("Response: %+v", r.Response)
 			}
 		})
 	})

cmd/headscale/cli/nodes.go

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"log"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
 	"github.com/samber/lo"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 	"tailscale.com/types/key"
 )
@@ -20,37 +21,63 @@ import (
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(nodeCmd)
 	listNodesCmd.Flags().StringP("user", "u", "", "Filter by user")
+
+	listNodesCmd.Flags().StringP("namespace", "n", "", "User")
+	listNodesNamespaceFlag := listNodesCmd.Flags().Lookup("namespace")
+	listNodesNamespaceFlag.Deprecated = deprecateNamespaceMessage
+	listNodesNamespaceFlag.Hidden = true
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(listNodesCmd)
 
 	listNodeRoutesCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(listNodeRoutesCmd)
 
 	registerNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("user", "u", "", "User")
+
+	registerNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("namespace", "n", "", "User")
+	registerNodeNamespaceFlag := registerNodeCmd.Flags().Lookup("namespace")
+	registerNodeNamespaceFlag.Deprecated = deprecateNamespaceMessage
+	registerNodeNamespaceFlag.Hidden = true
+
+	err := registerNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("user")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err.Error())
+	}
 	registerNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("key", "k", "", "Key")
-	mustMarkRequired(registerNodeCmd, "user", "key")
+	err = registerNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("key")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err.Error())
+	}
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(registerNodeCmd)
 
 	expireNodeCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
 	expireNodeCmd.Flags().StringP("expiry", "e", "", "Set expire to (RFC3339 format, e.g. 2025-08-27T10:00:00Z), or leave empty to expire immediately.")
-	expireNodeCmd.Flags().BoolP("disable", "d", false, "Disable key expiry (node will never expire)")
-	mustMarkRequired(expireNodeCmd, "identifier")
+	err = expireNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err.Error())
+	}
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(expireNodeCmd)
 
 	renameNodeCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
-	mustMarkRequired(renameNodeCmd, "identifier")
+	err = renameNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err.Error())
+	}
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(renameNodeCmd)
 
 	deleteNodeCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
-	mustMarkRequired(deleteNodeCmd, "identifier")
+	err = deleteNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err.Error())
+	}
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(deleteNodeCmd)
 
 	tagCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
-	mustMarkRequired(tagCmd, "identifier")
+	tagCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
 	tagCmd.Flags().StringSliceP("tags", "t", []string{}, "List of tags to add to the node")
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(tagCmd)
 
 	approveRoutesCmd.Flags().Uint64P("identifier", "i", 0, "Node identifier (ID)")
-	mustMarkRequired(approveRoutesCmd, "identifier")
+	approveRoutesCmd.MarkFlagRequired("identifier")
 	approveRoutesCmd.Flags().StringSliceP("routes", "r", []string{}, `List of routes that will be approved (comma-separated, e.g. "10.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/24" or empty string to remove all approved routes)`)
 	nodeCmd.AddCommand(approveRoutesCmd)
 
@@ -60,16 +87,31 @@ func init() {
 var nodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "nodes",
 	Short:   "Manage the nodes of Headscale",
-	Aliases: []string{"node"},
+	Aliases: []string{"node", "machine", "machines"},
 }
 
 var registerNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:        "register",
-	Short:      "Registers a node to your network",
-	Deprecated: "use 'headscale auth register --auth-id <id> --user <user>' instead",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
-		registrationID, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("key")
+	Use:   "register",
+	Short: "Registers a node to your network",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
+		}
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		registrationID, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("key")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting node key from flag: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
 
 		request := &v1.RegisterNodeRequest{
 			Key:  registrationID,
@@ -78,49 +120,98 @@ var registerNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		response, err := client.RegisterNode(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("registering node: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Cannot register node: %s\n",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(
-			cmd,
+		SuccessOutput(
 			response.GetNode(),
-			fmt.Sprintf("Node %s registered", response.GetNode().GetGivenName()))
-	}),
+			fmt.Sprintf("Node %s registered", response.GetNode().GetGivenName()), output)
+	},
 }
 
 var listNodesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list",
 	Short:   "List nodes",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
-
-		response, err := client.ListNodes(ctx, &v1.ListNodesRequest{User: user})
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing nodes: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
 		}
 
-		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetNodes(), func() error {
-			tableData, err := nodesToPtables(user, response.GetNodes())
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("converting to table: %w", err)
-			}
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
 
-			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
-		})
-	}),
+		request := &v1.ListNodesRequest{
+			User: user,
+		}
+
+		response, err := client.ListNodes(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				"Cannot get nodes: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(response.GetNodes(), "", output)
+		}
+
+		tableData, err := nodesToPtables(user, response.GetNodes())
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error converting to table: %s", err), output)
+		}
+
+		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+	},
 }
 
 var listNodeRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list-routes",
 	Short:   "List routes available on nodes",
 	Aliases: []string{"lsr", "routes"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
-
-		response, err := client.ListNodes(ctx, &v1.ListNodesRequest{})
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing nodes: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		request := &v1.ListNodesRequest{}
+
+		response, err := client.ListNodes(ctx, request)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				"Cannot get nodes: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
 		nodes := response.GetNodes()
@@ -128,7 +219,6 @@ var listNodeRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			for _, node := range response.GetNodes() {
 				if node.GetId() == identifier {
 					nodes = []*v1.Node{node}
-
 					break
 				}
 			}
@@ -138,53 +228,73 @@ var listNodeRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			return (n.GetSubnetRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetSubnetRoutes()) > 0) || (n.GetApprovedRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetApprovedRoutes()) > 0) || (n.GetAvailableRoutes() != nil && len(n.GetAvailableRoutes()) > 0)
 		})
 
-		return printListOutput(cmd, nodes, func() error {
-			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(nodeRoutesToPtables(nodes)).Render()
-		})
-	}),
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(nodes, "", output)
+			return
+		}
+
+		tableData, err := nodeRoutesToPtables(nodes)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error converting to table: %s", err), output)
+		}
+
+		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+	},
 }
 
 var expireNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "expire",
-	Short: "Expire (log out) a node in your network",
-	Long: `Expiring a node will keep the node in the database and force it to reauthenticate.
-
-Use --disable to disable key expiry (node will never expire).`,
+	Use:     "expire",
+	Short:   "Expire (log out) a node in your network",
+	Long:    "Expiring a node will keep the node in the database and force it to reauthenticate.",
 	Aliases: []string{"logout", "exp", "e"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
-		disableExpiry, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("disable")
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		// Handle disable expiry - node will never expire.
-		if disableExpiry {
-			request := &v1.ExpireNodeRequest{
-				NodeId:        identifier,
-				DisableExpiry: true,
-			}
-
-			response, err := client.ExpireNode(ctx, request)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("disabling node expiry: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node expiry disabled")
+		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		expiry, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiry")
+		expiry, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiry")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting expiry to string: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
 
+			return
+		}
 		now := time.Now()
-
 		expiryTime := now
-
 		if expiry != "" {
-			var err error
-
 			expiryTime, err = time.Parse(time.RFC3339, expiry)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("parsing expiry time: %w", err)
+				ErrorOutput(
+					err,
+					fmt.Sprintf("Error converting expiry to string: %s", err),
+					output,
+				)
+
+				return
 			}
 		}
 
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
 		request := &v1.ExpireNodeRequest{
 			NodeId: identifier,
 			Expiry: timestamppb.New(expiryTime),
@@ -192,28 +302,47 @@ Use --disable to disable key expiry (node will never expire).`,
 
 		response, err := client.ExpireNode(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("expiring node: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Cannot expire node: %s\n",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
 		if now.Equal(expiryTime) || now.After(expiryTime) {
-			return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node expired")
+			SuccessOutput(response.GetNode(), "Node expired", output)
+		} else {
+			SuccessOutput(response.GetNode(), "Node expiration updated", output)
 		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node expiration updated")
-	}),
+	},
 }
 
 var renameNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "rename NEW_NAME",
 	Short: "Renames a node in your network",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
 
 		newName := ""
 		if len(args) > 0 {
 			newName = args[0]
 		}
-
 		request := &v1.RenameNodeRequest{
 			NodeId:  identifier,
 			NewName: newName,
@@ -221,19 +350,39 @@ var renameNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		response, err := client.RenameNode(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("renaming node: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Cannot rename node: %s\n",
+					status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetNode(), "Node renamed")
-	}),
+		SuccessOutput(response.GetNode(), "Node renamed", output)
+	},
 }
 
 var deleteNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "delete",
 	Short:   "Delete a node",
 	Aliases: []string{"del"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
 
 		getRequest := &v1.GetNodeRequest{
 			NodeId: identifier,
@@ -241,31 +390,49 @@ var deleteNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		getResponse, err := client.GetNode(ctx, getRequest)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("getting node: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				"Error getting node node: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
 		deleteRequest := &v1.DeleteNodeRequest{
 			NodeId: identifier,
 		}
 
-		if !confirmAction(cmd, fmt.Sprintf(
-			"Do you want to remove the node %s?",
-			getResponse.GetNode().GetName(),
-		)) {
-			return printOutput(cmd, map[string]string{"Result": "Node not deleted"}, "Node not deleted")
+		confirm := false
+		force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
+		if !force {
+			confirm = util.YesNo(fmt.Sprintf(
+				"Do you want to remove the node %s?",
+				getResponse.GetNode().GetName(),
+			))
 		}
 
-		_, err = client.DeleteNode(ctx, deleteRequest)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("deleting node: %w", err)
-		}
+		if confirm || force {
+			response, err := client.DeleteNode(ctx, deleteRequest)
+			if output != "" {
+				SuccessOutput(response, "", output)
 
-		return printOutput(
-			cmd,
-			map[string]string{"Result": "Node deleted"},
-			"Node deleted",
-		)
-	}),
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(
+					err,
+					"Error deleting node: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+					output,
+				)
+			}
+			SuccessOutput(
+				map[string]string{"Result": "Node deleted"},
+				"Node deleted",
+				output,
+			)
+		} else {
+			SuccessOutput(map[string]string{"Result": "Node not deleted"}, "Node not deleted", output)
+		}
+	},
 }
 
 var backfillNodeIPsCmd = &cobra.Command{
@@ -283,24 +450,32 @@ all nodes that are missing.
 If you remove IPv4 or IPv6 prefixes from the config,
 it can be run to remove the IPs that should no longer
 be assigned to nodes.`,
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		if !confirmAction(cmd, "Are you sure that you want to assign/remove IPs to/from nodes?") {
-			return nil
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		confirm := false
+
+		force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
+		if !force {
+			confirm = util.YesNo("Are you sure that you want to assign/remove IPs to/from nodes?")
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
-		}
-		defer cancel()
-		defer conn.Close()
+		if confirm || force {
+			ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+			defer cancel()
+			defer conn.Close()
 
-		changes, err := client.BackfillNodeIPs(ctx, &v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest{Confirmed: true})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("backfilling IPs: %w", err)
-		}
+			changes, err := client.BackfillNodeIPs(ctx, &v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest{Confirmed: confirm || force})
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(
+					err,
+					"Error backfilling IPs: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+					output,
+				)
+			}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, changes, "Node IPs backfilled successfully")
+			SuccessOutput(changes, "Node IPs backfilled successfully", output)
+		}
 	},
 }
 
@@ -331,30 +506,23 @@ func nodesToPtables(
 			ephemeral = true
 		}
 
-		var (
-			lastSeen     time.Time
-			lastSeenTime string
-		)
-
+		var lastSeen time.Time
+		var lastSeenTime string
 		if node.GetLastSeen() != nil {
 			lastSeen = node.GetLastSeen().AsTime()
-			lastSeenTime = lastSeen.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat)
+			lastSeenTime = lastSeen.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
 		}
 
-		var (
-			expiry     time.Time
-			expiryTime string
-		)
-
+		var expiry time.Time
+		var expiryTime string
 		if node.GetExpiry() != nil {
 			expiry = node.GetExpiry().AsTime()
-			expiryTime = expiry.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat)
+			expiryTime = expiry.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
 		} else {
 			expiryTime = "N/A"
 		}
 
 		var machineKey key.MachinePublic
-
 		err := machineKey.UnmarshalText(
 			[]byte(node.GetMachineKey()),
 		)
@@ -363,7 +531,6 @@ func nodesToPtables(
 		}
 
 		var nodeKey key.NodePublic
-
 		err = nodeKey.UnmarshalText(
 			[]byte(node.GetNodeKey()),
 		)
@@ -379,40 +546,42 @@ func nodesToPtables(
 		}
 
 		var expired string
-		if node.GetExpiry() != nil && node.GetExpiry().AsTime().Before(time.Now()) {
-			expired = pterm.LightRed("yes")
-		} else {
+		if expiry.IsZero() || expiry.After(time.Now()) {
 			expired = pterm.LightGreen("no")
+		} else {
+			expired = pterm.LightRed("yes")
 		}
 
+		// TODO(kradalby): as part of CLI rework, we should add the posibility to show "unusable" tags as mentioned in
+		// https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2981
 		var tagsBuilder strings.Builder
 
 		for _, tag := range node.GetTags() {
 			tagsBuilder.WriteString("\n" + tag)
 		}
 
-		tags := strings.TrimLeft(tagsBuilder.String(), "\n")
+		tags := tagsBuilder.String()
+
+		tags = strings.TrimLeft(tags, "\n")
 
 		var user string
-		if node.GetUser() != nil {
-			user = node.GetUser().GetName()
+		if currentUser == "" || (currentUser == node.GetUser().GetName()) {
+			user = pterm.LightMagenta(node.GetUser().GetName())
+		} else {
+			// Shared into this user
+			user = pterm.LightYellow(node.GetUser().GetName())
 		}
 
-		var ipBuilder strings.Builder
-
+		var IPV4Address string
+		var IPV6Address string
 		for _, addr := range node.GetIpAddresses() {
-			ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(addr)
-			if err == nil {
-				if ipBuilder.Len() > 0 {
-					ipBuilder.WriteString("\n")
-				}
-
-				ipBuilder.WriteString(ip.String())
+			if netip.MustParseAddr(addr).Is4() {
+				IPV4Address = addr
+			} else {
+				IPV6Address = addr
 			}
 		}
 
-		ipAddresses := ipBuilder.String()
-
 		nodeData := []string{
 			strconv.FormatUint(node.GetId(), util.Base10),
 			node.GetName(),
@@ -421,7 +590,7 @@ func nodesToPtables(
 			nodeKey.ShortString(),
 			user,
 			tags,
-			ipAddresses,
+			strings.Join([]string{IPV4Address, IPV6Address}, ", "),
 			strconv.FormatBool(ephemeral),
 			lastSeenTime,
 			expiryTime,
@@ -439,7 +608,7 @@ func nodesToPtables(
 
 func nodeRoutesToPtables(
 	nodes []*v1.Node,
-) pterm.TableData {
+) (pterm.TableData, error) {
 	tableHeader := []string{
 		"ID",
 		"Hostname",
@@ -463,50 +632,108 @@ func nodeRoutesToPtables(
 		)
 	}
 
-	return tableData
+	return tableData, nil
 }
 
 var tagCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "tag",
 	Short:   "Manage the tags of a node",
 	Aliases: []string{"tags", "t"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
-		tagsToSet, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("tags")
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		// retrieve flags from CLI
+		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+		tagsToSet, err := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("tags")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error retrieving list of tags to add to node, %v", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
 
 		// Sending tags to node
 		request := &v1.SetTagsRequest{
 			NodeId: identifier,
 			Tags:   tagsToSet,
 		}
-
 		resp, err := client.SetTags(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("setting tags: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error while sending tags to headscale: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.GetNode(), "Node updated")
-	}),
+		if resp != nil {
+			SuccessOutput(
+				resp.GetNode(),
+				"Node updated",
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+	},
 }
 
 var approveRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "approve-routes",
 	Short: "Manage the approved routes of a node",
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
-		routes, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("routes")
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		// retrieve flags from CLI
+		identifier, err := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("identifier")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error converting ID to integer: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+		routes, err := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("routes")
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error retrieving list of routes to add to node, %v", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
 
 		// Sending routes to node
 		request := &v1.SetApprovedRoutesRequest{
 			NodeId: identifier,
 			Routes: routes,
 		}
-
 		resp, err := client.SetApprovedRoutes(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("setting approved routes: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error while sending routes to headscale: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, resp.GetNode(), "Node updated")
-	}),
+		if resp != nil {
+			SuccessOutput(
+				resp.GetNode(),
+				"Node updated",
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/policy.go

@@ -1,41 +1,24 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/db"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/policy"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
+	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"tailscale.com/types/views"
 )
 
 const (
-	bypassFlag = "bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly" //nolint:gosec // not a credential
+	bypassFlag = "bypass-grpc-and-access-database-directly"
 )
 
-var errAborted = errors.New("command aborted by user")
-
-// bypassDatabase loads the server config and opens the database directly,
-// bypassing the gRPC server. The caller is responsible for closing the
-// returned database handle.
-func bypassDatabase() (*db.HSDatabase, error) {
-	cfg, err := types.LoadServerConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	d, err := db.NewHeadscaleDatabase(cfg)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("opening database: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return d, nil
-}
-
 func init() {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(policyCmd)
 
@@ -43,13 +26,16 @@ func init() {
 	policyCmd.AddCommand(getPolicy)
 
 	setPolicy.Flags().StringP("file", "f", "", "Path to a policy file in HuJSON format")
+	if err := setPolicy.MarkFlagRequired("file"); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
+	}
 	setPolicy.Flags().BoolP(bypassFlag, "", false, "Uses the headscale config to directly access the database, bypassing gRPC and does not require the server to be running")
-	mustMarkRequired(setPolicy, "file")
 	policyCmd.AddCommand(setPolicy)
 
 	checkPolicy.Flags().StringP("file", "f", "", "Path to a policy file in HuJSON format")
-	checkPolicy.Flags().BoolP(bypassFlag, "", false, "Open the database directly (no gRPC, no running server) to validate user@ token references and to evaluate the policy's tests block. Required when those checks are needed.")
-	mustMarkRequired(checkPolicy, "file")
+	if err := checkPolicy.MarkFlagRequired("file"); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("")
+	}
 	policyCmd.AddCommand(checkPolicy)
 }
 
@@ -62,47 +48,59 @@ var getPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "get",
 	Short:   "Print the current ACL Policy",
 	Aliases: []string{"show", "view", "fetch"},
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		var policyData string
-
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		var policy string
 		if bypass, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(bypassFlag); bypass {
-			if !confirmAction(cmd, "DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?") {
-				return errAborted
+			confirm := false
+			force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
+			if !force {
+				confirm = util.YesNo("DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?")
 			}
 
-			d, err := bypassDatabase()
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
+			if !confirm && !force {
+				ErrorOutput(nil, "Aborting command", output)
+				return
+			}
+
+			cfg, err := types.LoadServerConfig()
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed loading config: %s", err), output)
+			}
+
+			d, err := db.NewHeadscaleDatabase(
+				cfg,
+				nil,
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to open database: %s", err), output)
 			}
-			defer d.Close()
 
 			pol, err := d.GetPolicy()
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("loading policy from database: %w", err)
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed loading Policy from database: %s", err), output)
 			}
 
-			policyData = pol.Data
+			policy = pol.Data
 		} else {
-			ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
-			}
+			ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 			defer cancel()
 			defer conn.Close()
 
-			response, err := client.GetPolicy(ctx, &v1.GetPolicyRequest{})
+			request := &v1.GetPolicyRequest{}
+
+			response, err := client.GetPolicy(ctx, request)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("loading ACL policy: %w", err)
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed loading ACL Policy: %s", err), output)
 			}
 
-			policyData = response.GetPolicy()
+			policy = response.GetPolicy()
 		}
 
-		// This does not pass output format as we don't support yaml, json or
-		// json-line output for this command. It is HuJSON already.
-		fmt.Println(policyData)
-
-		return nil
+		// TODO(pallabpain): Maybe print this better?
+		// This does not pass output as we dont support yaml, json or json-line
+		// output for this command. It is HuJSON already.
+		SuccessOutput("", policy, "")
 	},
 }
 
@@ -113,131 +111,100 @@ var setPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 	Updates the existing ACL Policy with the provided policy. The policy must be a valid HuJSON object.
 	This command only works when the acl.policy_mode is set to "db", and the policy will be stored in the database.`,
 	Aliases: []string{"put", "update"},
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 		policyPath, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("file")
 
-		policyBytes, err := os.ReadFile(policyPath)
+		f, err := os.Open(policyPath)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("reading policy file: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error opening the policy file: %s", err), output)
+		}
+		defer f.Close()
+
+		policyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error reading the policy file: %s", err), output)
 		}
 
 		if bypass, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(bypassFlag); bypass {
-			if !confirmAction(cmd, "DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?") {
-				return errAborted
+			confirm := false
+			force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
+			if !force {
+				confirm = util.YesNo("DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?")
 			}
 
-			d, err := bypassDatabase()
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
+			if !confirm && !force {
+				ErrorOutput(nil, "Aborting command", output)
+				return
+			}
+
+			cfg, err := types.LoadServerConfig()
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed loading config: %s", err), output)
+			}
+
+			d, err := db.NewHeadscaleDatabase(
+				cfg,
+				nil,
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to open database: %s", err), output)
 			}
-			defer d.Close()
 
 			users, err := d.ListUsers()
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("loading users for policy validation: %w", err)
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to load users for policy validation: %s", err), output)
 			}
 
 			_, err = policy.NewPolicyManager(policyBytes, users, views.Slice[types.NodeView]{})
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("parsing policy file: %w", err)
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error parsing the policy file: %s", err), output)
+				return
 			}
 
 			_, err = d.SetPolicy(string(policyBytes))
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("setting ACL policy: %w", err)
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to set ACL Policy: %s", err), output)
 			}
 		} else {
 			request := &v1.SetPolicyRequest{Policy: string(policyBytes)}
 
-			ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
-			}
+			ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 			defer cancel()
 			defer conn.Close()
 
-			_, err = client.SetPolicy(ctx, request)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("setting ACL policy: %w", err)
+			if _, err := client.SetPolicy(ctx, request); err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to set ACL Policy: %s", err), output)
 			}
 		}
 
-		fmt.Println("Policy updated.")
-
-		return nil
+		SuccessOutput(nil, "Policy updated.", "")
 	},
 }
 
 var checkPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "check",
 	Short: "Check the Policy file for errors",
-	Long: `
-	Check validates the policy against the server's live users and nodes,
-	running any "tests" block. By default the command is a thin frontend
-	for a gRPC call to a running headscale; pass --` + bypassFlag + ` to
-	open the database directly when headscale is not running.`,
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 		policyPath, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("file")
 
-		policyBytes, err := os.ReadFile(policyPath)
+		f, err := os.Open(policyPath)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("reading policy file: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error opening the policy file: %s", err), output)
 		}
+		defer f.Close()
 
-		if bypass, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool(bypassFlag); bypass {
-			if !confirmAction(cmd, "DO NOT run this command if an instance of headscale is running, are you sure headscale is not running?") {
-				return errAborted
-			}
-
-			d, err := bypassDatabase()
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			defer d.Close()
-
-			users, err := d.ListUsers()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("loading users: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			nodes, err := d.ListNodes()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("loading nodes: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			// NewPolicyManager validates structure and user references
-			// but intentionally skips test evaluation (boot path).
-			// SetPolicy is the user-write boundary and is what runs the
-			// tests block.
-			pm, err := policy.NewPolicyManager(policyBytes, users, nodes.ViewSlice())
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("parsing policy file: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			_, err = pm.SetPolicy(policyBytes)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			fmt.Println("Policy is valid")
-
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		policyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(f)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error reading the policy file: %s", err), output)
 		}
-		defer cancel()
-		defer conn.Close()
 
-		_, err = client.CheckPolicy(ctx, &v1.CheckPolicyRequest{Policy: string(policyBytes)})
+		_, err = policy.NewPolicyManager(policyBytes, nil, views.Slice[types.NodeView]{})
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error parsing the policy file: %s", err), output)
 		}
 
-		fmt.Println("Policy is valid")
-
-		return nil
+		SuccessOutput(nil, "Policy is valid", "")
 	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/preauthkeys.go

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
+	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -45,134 +46,203 @@ var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list",
 	Short:   "List all preauthkeys",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
 		response, err := client.ListPreAuthKeys(ctx, &v1.ListPreAuthKeysRequest{})
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing preauthkeys: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting the list of keys: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
-		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetPreAuthKeys(), func() error {
-			tableData := pterm.TableData{
-				{
-					"ID",
-					"Key/Prefix",
-					"Reusable",
-					"Ephemeral",
-					"Used",
-					"Expiration",
-					"Created",
-					"Owner",
-				},
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(response.GetPreAuthKeys(), "", output)
+		}
+
+		tableData := pterm.TableData{
+			{
+				"ID",
+				"Key/Prefix",
+				"Reusable",
+				"Ephemeral",
+				"Used",
+				"Expiration",
+				"Created",
+				"Owner",
+			},
+		}
+		for _, key := range response.GetPreAuthKeys() {
+			expiration := "-"
+			if key.GetExpiration() != nil {
+				expiration = ColourTime(key.GetExpiration().AsTime())
 			}
 
-			for _, key := range response.GetPreAuthKeys() {
-				expiration := "-"
-				if key.GetExpiration() != nil {
-					expiration = ColourTime(key.GetExpiration().AsTime())
-				}
-
-				var owner string
-				if len(key.GetAclTags()) > 0 {
-					owner = strings.Join(key.GetAclTags(), "\n")
-				} else if key.GetUser() != nil {
-					owner = key.GetUser().GetName()
-				} else {
-					owner = "-"
-				}
-
-				tableData = append(tableData, []string{
-					strconv.FormatUint(key.GetId(), util.Base10),
-					key.GetKey(),
-					strconv.FormatBool(key.GetReusable()),
-					strconv.FormatBool(key.GetEphemeral()),
-					strconv.FormatBool(key.GetUsed()),
-					expiration,
-					key.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
-					owner,
-				})
+			var owner string
+			if len(key.GetAclTags()) > 0 {
+				owner = strings.Join(key.GetAclTags(), "\n")
+			} else if key.GetUser() != nil {
+				owner = key.GetUser().GetName()
+			} else {
+				owner = "-"
 			}
 
-			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
-		})
-	}),
+			tableData = append(tableData, []string{
+				strconv.FormatUint(key.GetId(), 10),
+				key.GetKey(),
+				strconv.FormatBool(key.GetReusable()),
+				strconv.FormatBool(key.GetEphemeral()),
+				strconv.FormatBool(key.GetUsed()),
+				expiration,
+				key.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
+				owner,
+			})
+
+		}
+		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+	},
 }
 
 var createPreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "create",
 	Short:   "Creates a new preauthkey",
 	Aliases: []string{"c", "new"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
 		user, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("user")
 		reusable, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("reusable")
 		ephemeral, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ephemeral")
 		tags, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("tags")
 
-		expiration, err := expirationFromFlag(cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+		request := &v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest{
+			User:      user,
+			Reusable:  reusable,
+			Ephemeral: ephemeral,
+			AclTags:   tags,
 		}
 
-		request := &v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest{
-			User:       user,
-			Reusable:   reusable,
-			Ephemeral:  ephemeral,
-			AclTags:    tags,
-			Expiration: expiration,
+		durationStr, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiration")
+
+		duration, err := model.ParseDuration(durationStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Could not parse duration: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
+		expiration := time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Duration(duration))
+
+		request.Expiration = timestamppb.New(expiration)
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
 		response, err := client.CreatePreAuthKey(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating preauthkey: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create Pre Auth Key: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetPreAuthKey(), response.GetPreAuthKey().GetKey())
-	}),
+		SuccessOutput(response.GetPreAuthKey(), response.GetPreAuthKey().GetKey(), output)
+	},
 }
 
 var expirePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "expire",
 	Short:   "Expire a preauthkey",
 	Aliases: []string{"revoke", "exp", "e"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
 
 		if id == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("missing --id parameter: %w", errMissingParameter)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Error: missing --id parameter",
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
 		request := &v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyRequest{
 			Id: id,
 		}
 
 		response, err := client.ExpirePreAuthKey(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("expiring preauthkey: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot expire Pre Auth Key: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key expired")
-	}),
+		SuccessOutput(response, "Key expired", output)
+	},
 }
 
 var deletePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "delete",
 	Short:   "Delete a preauthkey",
 	Aliases: []string{"del", "rm", "d"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint64("id")
 
 		if id == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("missing --id parameter: %w", errMissingParameter)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				errMissingParameter,
+				"Error: missing --id parameter",
+				output,
+			)
+
+			return
 		}
 
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
 		request := &v1.DeletePreAuthKeyRequest{
 			Id: id,
 		}
 
 		response, err := client.DeletePreAuthKey(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("deleting preauthkey: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot delete Pre Auth Key: %s\n", err),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "Key deleted")
-	}),
+		SuccessOutput(response, "Key deleted", output)
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/pterm_style.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func ColourTime(date time.Time) string {
-	dateStr := date.Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat)
+	dateStr := date.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
 
 	if date.After(time.Now()) {
 		dateStr = pterm.LightGreen(dateStr)

cmd/headscale/cli/root.go

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
@@ -13,6 +15,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tcnksm/go-latest"
 )
 
+const (
+	deprecateNamespaceMessage = "use --user"
+)
+
 var cfgFile string = ""
 
 func init() {
@@ -21,6 +27,11 @@ func init() {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if slices.Contains(os.Args, "policy") && slices.Contains(os.Args, "check") {
+		zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.Disabled)
+		return
+	}
+
 	cobra.OnInitialize(initConfig)
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().
 		StringVarP(&cfgFile, "config", "c", "", "config file (default is /etc/headscale/config.yaml)")
@@ -28,34 +39,25 @@ func init() {
 		StringP("output", "o", "", "Output format. Empty for human-readable, 'json', 'json-line' or 'yaml'")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().
 		Bool("force", false, "Disable prompts and forces the execution")
-
-	// Re-enable usage output only for flag-parsing errors; runtime errors
-	// from RunE should never dump usage text.
-	rootCmd.SetFlagErrorFunc(func(cmd *cobra.Command, err error) error {
-		cmd.SilenceUsage = false
-
-		return err
-	})
 }
 
 func initConfig() {
 	if cfgFile == "" {
 		cfgFile = os.Getenv("HEADSCALE_CONFIG")
 	}
-
 	if cfgFile != "" {
 		err := types.LoadConfig(cfgFile, true)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msgf("error loading config file %s", cfgFile)
+			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msgf("Error loading config file %s", cfgFile)
 		}
 	} else {
 		err := types.LoadConfig("", false)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msgf("error loading config")
+			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msgf("Error loading config")
 		}
 	}
 
-	machineOutput := hasMachineOutputFlag()
+	machineOutput := HasMachineOutputFlag()
 
 	// If the user has requested a "node" readable format,
 	// then disable login so the output remains valid.
@@ -78,7 +80,6 @@ func initConfig() {
 				Repository:    "headscale",
 				TagFilterFunc: filterPreReleasesIfStable(func() string { return versionInfo.Version }),
 			}
-
 			res, err := latest.Check(githubTag, versionInfo.Version)
 			if err == nil && res.Outdated {
 				//nolint
@@ -100,7 +101,6 @@ func isPreReleaseVersion(version string) bool {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
-
 	return false
 }
 
@@ -137,15 +137,11 @@ var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 headscale is an open source implementation of the Tailscale control server
 
 https://github.com/juanfont/headscale`,
-	SilenceErrors: true,
-	SilenceUsage:  true,
 }
 
 func Execute() {
-	cmd, err := rootCmd.ExecuteC()
-	if err != nil {
-		outputFormat, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
-		printError(err, outputFormat)
+	if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/serve.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"github.com/tailscale/squibble"
 )
@@ -16,22 +17,24 @@ func init() {
 var serveCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "serve",
 	Short: "Launches the headscale server",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		return nil
+	},
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		app, err := newHeadscaleServerWithConfig()
 		if err != nil {
-			if squibbleErr, ok := errors.AsType[squibble.ValidationError](err); ok {
+			var squibbleErr squibble.ValidationError
+			if errors.As(err, &squibbleErr) {
 				fmt.Printf("SQLite schema failed to validate:\n")
 				fmt.Println(squibbleErr.Diff)
 			}
 
-			return fmt.Errorf("initializing: %w", err)
+			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msg("Error initializing")
 		}
 
 		err = app.Serve()
 		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("headscale ran into an error and had to shut down: %w", err)
+			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msg("Headscale ran into an error and had to shut down.")
 		}
-
-		return nil
 	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/users.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
@@ -9,16 +8,10 @@ import (
 
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util/zlog/zf"
 	"github.com/pterm/pterm"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-// CLI user errors.
-var (
-	errFlagRequired       = errors.New("--name or --identifier flag is required")
-	errMultipleUsersMatch = errors.New("multiple users match query, specify an ID")
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 )
 
 func usernameAndIDFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) {
@@ -27,21 +20,20 @@ func usernameAndIDFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 }
 
 // usernameAndIDFromFlag returns the username and ID from the flags of the command.
-func usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) (uint64, string, error) {
+// If both are empty, it will exit the program with an error.
+func usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) (uint64, string) {
 	username, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("name")
-
 	identifier, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt64("identifier")
 	if username == "" && identifier < 0 {
-		return 0, "", errFlagRequired
+		err := errors.New("--name or --identifier flag is required")
+		ErrorOutput(
+			err,
+			"Cannot rename user: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+			"",
+		)
 	}
 
-	// Normalise unset/negative identifiers to 0 so the uint64
-	// conversion does not produce a bogus large value.
-	if identifier < 0 {
-		identifier = 0
-	}
-
-	return uint64(identifier), username, nil //nolint:gosec // identifier is clamped to >= 0 above
+	return uint64(identifier), username
 }
 
 func init() {
@@ -58,13 +50,15 @@ func init() {
 	userCmd.AddCommand(renameUserCmd)
 	usernameAndIDFlag(renameUserCmd)
 	renameUserCmd.Flags().StringP("new-name", "r", "", "New username")
-	mustMarkRequired(renameUserCmd, "new-name")
+	renameNodeCmd.MarkFlagRequired("new-name")
 }
 
+var errMissingParameter = errors.New("missing parameters")
+
 var userCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "users",
 	Short:   "Manage the users of Headscale",
-	Aliases: []string{"user"},
+	Aliases: []string{"user", "namespace", "namespaces", "ns"},
 }
 
 var createUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
@@ -78,10 +72,16 @@ var createUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		return nil
 	},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
 		userName := args[0]
 
-		log.Trace().Interface(zf.Client, client).Msg("obtained gRPC client")
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		log.Trace().Interface("client", client).Msg("Obtained gRPC client")
 
 		request := &v1.CreateUserRequest{Name: userName}
 
@@ -94,73 +94,108 @@ var createUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		}
 
 		if pictureURL, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("picture-url"); pictureURL != "" {
-			if _, err := url.Parse(pictureURL); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-				return fmt.Errorf("invalid picture URL: %w", err)
+			if _, err := url.Parse(pictureURL); err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(
+					err,
+					fmt.Sprintf(
+						"Invalid Picture URL: %s",
+						err,
+					),
+					output,
+				)
 			}
-
 			request.PictureUrl = pictureURL
 		}
 
-		log.Trace().Interface(zf.Request, request).Msg("sending CreateUser request")
-
+		log.Trace().Interface("request", request).Msg("Sending CreateUser request")
 		response, err := client.CreateUser(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating user: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				"Cannot create user: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetUser(), "User created")
-	}),
+		SuccessOutput(response.GetUser(), "User created", output)
+	},
 }
 
 var destroyUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "destroy --identifier ID or --name NAME",
 	Short:   "Destroys a user",
 	Aliases: []string{"delete"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, username, err := usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
+		id, username := usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd)
 		request := &v1.ListUsersRequest{
 			Name: username,
 			Id:   id,
 		}
 
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
 		users, err := client.ListUsers(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing users: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				"Error: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
 		if len(users.GetUsers()) != 1 {
-			return errMultipleUsersMatch
+			err := errors.New("Unable to determine user to delete, query returned multiple users, use ID")
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				"Error: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
 		user := users.GetUsers()[0]
 
-		if !confirmAction(cmd, fmt.Sprintf(
-			"Do you want to remove the user %q (%d) and any associated preauthkeys?",
-			user.GetName(), user.GetId(),
-		)) {
-			return printOutput(cmd, map[string]string{"Result": "User not destroyed"}, "User not destroyed")
+		confirm := false
+		force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
+		if !force {
+			confirm = util.YesNo(fmt.Sprintf(
+				"Do you want to remove the user %q (%d) and any associated preauthkeys?",
+				user.GetName(), user.GetId(),
+			))
 		}
 
-		deleteRequest := &v1.DeleteUserRequest{Id: user.GetId()}
+		if confirm || force {
+			request := &v1.DeleteUserRequest{Id: user.GetId()}
 
-		response, err := client.DeleteUser(ctx, deleteRequest)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("destroying user: %w", err)
+			response, err := client.DeleteUser(ctx, request)
+			if err != nil {
+				ErrorOutput(
+					err,
+					"Cannot destroy user: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+					output,
+				)
+			}
+			SuccessOutput(response, "User destroyed", output)
+		} else {
+			SuccessOutput(map[string]string{"Result": "User not destroyed"}, "User not destroyed", output)
 		}
-
-		return printOutput(cmd, response, "User destroyed")
-	}),
+	},
 }
 
 var listUsersCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "list",
 	Short:   "List all the users",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls", "show"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
 		request := &v1.ListUsersRequest{}
 
 		id, _ := cmd.Flags().GetInt64("identifier")
@@ -179,39 +214,53 @@ var listUsersCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		response, err := client.ListUsers(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing users: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				"Cannot get users: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printListOutput(cmd, response.GetUsers(), func() error {
-			tableData := pterm.TableData{{"ID", "Name", "Username", "Email", "Created"}}
-			for _, user := range response.GetUsers() {
-				tableData = append(
-					tableData,
-					[]string{
-						strconv.FormatUint(user.GetId(), util.Base10),
-						user.GetDisplayName(),
-						user.GetName(),
-						user.GetEmail(),
-						user.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format(HeadscaleDateTimeFormat),
-					},
-				)
-			}
+		if output != "" {
+			SuccessOutput(response.GetUsers(), "", output)
+		}
 
-			return pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
-		})
-	}),
+		tableData := pterm.TableData{{"ID", "Name", "Username", "Email", "Created"}}
+		for _, user := range response.GetUsers() {
+			tableData = append(
+				tableData,
+				[]string{
+					strconv.FormatUint(user.GetId(), 10),
+					user.GetDisplayName(),
+					user.GetName(),
+					user.GetEmail(),
+					user.GetCreatedAt().AsTime().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
+				},
+			)
+		}
+		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
+		if err != nil {
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
+				output,
+			)
+		}
+	},
 }
 
 var renameUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:     "rename",
 	Short:   "Renames a user",
 	Aliases: []string{"mv"},
-	RunE: grpcRunE(func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		id, username, err := usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
+		defer cancel()
+		defer conn.Close()
+
+		id, username := usernameAndIDFromFlag(cmd)
 		listReq := &v1.ListUsersRequest{
 			Name: username,
 			Id:   id,
@@ -219,11 +268,20 @@ var renameUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		users, err := client.ListUsers(ctx, listReq)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("listing users: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				"Error: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
 		if len(users.GetUsers()) != 1 {
-			return errMultipleUsersMatch
+			err := errors.New("Unable to determine user to delete, query returned multiple users, use ID")
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				"Error: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
 		newName, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("new-name")
@@ -235,9 +293,13 @@ var renameUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		response, err := client.RenameUser(ctx, renameReq)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("renaming user: %w", err)
+			ErrorOutput(
+				err,
+				"Cannot rename user: "+status.Convert(err).Message(),
+				output,
+			)
 		}
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, response.GetUser(), "User renamed")
-	}),
+		SuccessOutput(response.GetUser(), "User renamed", output)
+	},
 }

cmd/headscale/cli/utils.go

@@ -4,52 +4,25 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"time"
 
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util"
-	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/util/zlog/zf"
-	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 const (
 	HeadscaleDateTimeFormat = "2006-01-02 15:04:05"
 	SocketWritePermissions  = 0o666
-
-	outputFormatJSON     = "json"
-	outputFormatJSONLine = "json-line"
-	outputFormatYAML     = "yaml"
 )
 
-var (
-	errAPIKeyNotSet     = errors.New("HEADSCALE_CLI_API_KEY environment variable needs to be set")
-	errMissingParameter = errors.New("missing parameters")
-)
-
-// mustMarkRequired marks the named flags as required on cmd, panicking
-// if any name does not match a registered flag.  This is only called
-// from init() where a failure indicates a programming error.
-func mustMarkRequired(cmd *cobra.Command, names ...string) {
-	for _, n := range names {
-		err := cmd.MarkFlagRequired(n)
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("marking flag %q required on %q: %v", n, cmd.Name(), err))
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func newHeadscaleServerWithConfig() (*hscontrol.Headscale, error) {
 	cfg, err := types.LoadServerConfig()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -67,28 +40,14 @@ func newHeadscaleServerWithConfig() (*hscontrol.Headscale, error) {
 	return app, nil
 }
 
-// grpcRunE wraps a cobra RunE func, injecting a ready gRPC client and
-// context. Connection lifecycle is managed by the wrapper — callers
-// never see the underlying conn or cancel func.
-func grpcRunE(
-	fn func(ctx context.Context, client v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error,
-) func(*cobra.Command, []string) error {
-	return func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel, err := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("connecting to headscale: %w", err)
-		}
-		defer cancel()
-		defer conn.Close()
-
-		return fn(ctx, client, cmd, args)
-	}
-}
-
-func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *grpc.ClientConn, context.CancelFunc, error) {
+func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *grpc.ClientConn, context.CancelFunc) {
 	cfg, err := types.LoadCLIConfig()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("loading configuration: %w", err)
+		log.Fatal().
+			Err(err).
+			Caller().
+			Msgf("Failed to load configuration")
+		os.Exit(-1) // we get here if logging is suppressed (i.e., json output)
 	}
 
 	log.Debug().
@@ -98,7 +57,7 @@ func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *g
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), cfg.CLI.Timeout)
 
 	grpcOptions := []grpc.DialOption{
-		grpc.WithBlock(), //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but supported in 1.x
+		grpc.WithBlock(),
 	}
 
 	address := cfg.CLI.Address
@@ -112,23 +71,17 @@ func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *g
 		address = cfg.UnixSocket
 
 		// Try to give the user better feedback if we cannot write to the headscale
-		// socket.  Note: os.OpenFile on a Unix domain socket returns ENXIO on
-		// Linux which is expected — only permission errors are actionable here.
-		// The actual gRPC connection uses net.Dial which handles sockets properly.
-		socket, err := os.OpenFile(cfg.UnixSocket, os.O_WRONLY, SocketWritePermissions) //nolint
+		// socket.
+		socket, err := os.OpenFile(cfg.UnixSocket, os.O_WRONLY, SocketWritePermissions) // nolint
 		if err != nil {
 			if os.IsPermission(err) {
-				cancel()
-
-				return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
-					"unable to read/write to headscale socket %q, do you have the correct permissions? %w",
-					cfg.UnixSocket,
-					err,
-				)
+				log.Fatal().
+					Err(err).
+					Str("socket", cfg.UnixSocket).
+					Msgf("Unable to read/write to headscale socket, do you have the correct permissions?")
 			}
-		} else {
-			socket.Close()
 		}
+		socket.Close()
 
 		grpcOptions = append(
 			grpcOptions,
@@ -139,11 +92,8 @@ func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *g
 		// If we are not connecting to a local server, require an API key for authentication
 		apiKey := cfg.CLI.APIKey
 		if apiKey == "" {
-			cancel()
-
-			return nil, nil, nil, nil, errAPIKeyNotSet
+			log.Fatal().Caller().Msgf("HEADSCALE_CLI_API_KEY environment variable needs to be set.")
 		}
-
 		grpcOptions = append(grpcOptions,
 			grpc.WithPerRPCCredentials(tokenAuth{
 				token: apiKey,
@@ -168,136 +118,71 @@ func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *g
 		}
 	}
 
-	log.Trace().Caller().Str(zf.Address, address).Msg("connecting via gRPC")
-
-	conn, err := grpc.DialContext(ctx, address, grpcOptions...) //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but supported in 1.x
+	log.Trace().Caller().Str("address", address).Msg("Connecting via gRPC")
+	conn, err := grpc.DialContext(ctx, address, grpcOptions...)
 	if err != nil {
-		cancel()
-
-		return nil, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("connecting to %s: %w", address, err)
+		log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msgf("Could not connect: %v", err)
+		os.Exit(-1) // we get here if logging is suppressed (i.e., json output)
 	}
 
 	client := v1.NewHeadscaleServiceClient(conn)
 
-	return ctx, client, conn, cancel, nil
+	return ctx, client, conn, cancel
 }
 
-// formatOutput serialises result into the requested format. For the
-// default (empty) format the human-readable override string is returned.
-func formatOutput(result any, override string, outputFormat string) (string, error) {
+func output(result any, override string, outputFormat string) string {
+	var jsonBytes []byte
+	var err error
 	switch outputFormat {
-	case outputFormatJSON:
-		b, err := json.MarshalIndent(result, "", "\t")
+	case "json":
+		jsonBytes, err = json.MarshalIndent(result, "", "\t")
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("marshalling JSON output: %w", err)
+			log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("failed to unmarshal output")
 		}
-
-		return string(b), nil
-	case outputFormatJSONLine:
-		b, err := json.Marshal(result)
+	case "json-line":
+		jsonBytes, err = json.Marshal(result)
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("marshalling JSON-line output: %w", err)
+			log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("failed to unmarshal output")
 		}
-
-		return string(b), nil
-	case outputFormatYAML:
-		b, err := yaml.Marshal(result)
+	case "yaml":
+		jsonBytes, err = yaml.Marshal(result)
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("marshalling YAML output: %w", err)
+			log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("failed to unmarshal output")
 		}
-
-		return string(b), nil
 	default:
-		return override, nil
-	}
-}
-
-// printOutput formats result and writes it to stdout. It reads the --output
-// flag from cmd to decide the serialisation format.
-func printOutput(cmd *cobra.Command, result any, override string) error {
-	format, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
-
-	out, err := formatOutput(result, override, format)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		// nolint
+		return override
 	}
 
-	fmt.Println(out)
-
-	return nil
+	return string(jsonBytes)
 }
 
-// expirationFromFlag parses the --expiration flag as a Prometheus-style
-// duration (e.g. "90d", "1h") and returns an absolute timestamp.
-func expirationFromFlag(cmd *cobra.Command) (*timestamppb.Timestamp, error) {
-	durationStr, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiration")
-
-	duration, err := model.ParseDuration(durationStr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing duration: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return timestamppb.New(time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Duration(duration))), nil
+// SuccessOutput prints the result to stdout and exits with status code 0.
+func SuccessOutput(result any, override string, outputFormat string) {
+	fmt.Println(output(result, override, outputFormat))
+	os.Exit(0)
 }
 
-// confirmAction returns true when the user confirms a prompt, or when
-// --force is set.  Callers decide what to do when it returns false.
-func confirmAction(cmd *cobra.Command, prompt string) bool {
-	force, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("force")
-	if force {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	return util.YesNo(prompt)
-}
-
-// printListOutput checks the --output flag: when a machine-readable format is
-// requested it serialises data as JSON/YAML; otherwise it calls renderTable
-// to produce the human-readable pterm table.
-func printListOutput(
-	cmd *cobra.Command,
-	data any,
-	renderTable func() error,
-) error {
-	format, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
-	if format != "" {
-		return printOutput(cmd, data, "")
-	}
-
-	return renderTable()
-}
-
-// printError writes err to stderr, formatting it as JSON/YAML when the
-// --output flag requests machine-readable output.  Used exclusively by
-// Execute() so that every error surfaces in the format the caller asked for.
-func printError(err error, outputFormat string) {
+// ErrorOutput prints an error message to stderr and exits with status code 1.
+func ErrorOutput(errResult error, override string, outputFormat string) {
 	type errOutput struct {
 		Error string `json:"error"`
 	}
 
-	e := errOutput{Error: err.Error()}
-
-	var formatted []byte
-
-	switch outputFormat {
-	case outputFormatJSON:
-		formatted, _ = json.MarshalIndent(e, "", "\t") //nolint:errchkjson // errOutput contains only a string field
-	case outputFormatJSONLine:
-		formatted, _ = json.Marshal(e) //nolint:errchkjson // errOutput contains only a string field
-	case outputFormatYAML:
-		formatted, _ = yaml.Marshal(e)
-	default:
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %s\n", err)
-
-		return
+	var errorMessage string
+	if errResult != nil {
+		errorMessage = errResult.Error()
+	} else {
+		errorMessage = override
 	}
 
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n", formatted)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n", output(errOutput{errorMessage}, override, outputFormat))
+	os.Exit(1)
 }
 
-func hasMachineOutputFlag() bool {
+func HasMachineOutputFlag() bool {
 	for _, arg := range os.Args {
-		if arg == outputFormatJSON || arg == outputFormatJSONLine || arg == outputFormatYAML {
+		if arg == "json" || arg == "json-line" || arg == "yaml" {
 			return true
 		}
 	}

cmd/headscale/cli/version.go

@@ -14,9 +14,11 @@ var versionCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "version",
 	Short: "Print the version.",
 	Long:  "The version of headscale.",
-	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
 		info := types.GetVersionInfo()
 
-		return printOutput(cmd, info, info.String())
+		SuccessOutput(info, info.String(), output)
 	},
 }

cmd/headscale/headscale.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 
 func main() {
 	var colors bool
-
 	switch l := termcolor.SupportLevel(os.Stderr); l {
 	case termcolor.Level16M:
 		colors = true

cmd/headscale/headscale_test.go

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestConfigFileLoading(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
 	path, err := os.Getwd()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -46,7 +48,9 @@ func TestConfigFileLoading(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConfigLoading(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
 	path, err := os.Getwd()
 	require.NoError(t, err)

cmd/hi/README.md

@@ -1,262 +1,6 @@
-# hi — Headscale Integration test runner
+# hi
 
-`hi` wraps Docker container orchestration around the tests in
-[`../../integration`](../../integration) and extracts debugging artefacts
-(logs, database snapshots, MapResponse protocol captures) for post-mortem
-analysis.
-
-**Read this file in full before running any `hi` command.** The test
-runner has sharp edges — wrong flags produce stale containers, lost
-artefacts, or hung CI.
-
-For test-authoring patterns (scenario setup, `EventuallyWithT`,
-`IntegrationSkip`, helper variants), read
-[`../../integration/README.md`](../../integration/README.md).
-
-## Quick Start
-
-```bash
-# Verify system requirements (Docker, Go, disk space, images)
-go run ./cmd/hi doctor
-
-# Run a single test (the default flags are tuned for development)
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestPingAllByIP"
-
-# Run a database-heavy test against PostgreSQL
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestExpireNode" --postgres
-
-# Pattern matching
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestSubnet*"
-```
-
-Run `doctor` before the first `run` in any new environment. Tests
-generate ~100 MB of logs per run in `control_logs/`; `doctor` verifies
-there is enough space and that the required Docker images are available.
-
-## Commands
-
-| Command            | Purpose                                              |
-| ------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------- |
-| `run [pattern]`    | Execute the test(s) matching `pattern`               |
-| `doctor`           | Verify system requirements                           |
-| `clean networks`   | Prune unused Docker networks                         |
-| `clean images`     | Clean old test images                                |
-| `clean containers` | Kill **all** test containers (dangerous — see below) |
-| `clean cache`      | Clean Go module cache volume                         |
-| `clean all`        | Run all cleanup operations                           |
-
-## Flags
-
-Defaults are tuned for single-test development runs. Review before
-changing.
-
-| Flag                | Default        | Purpose                                                                     |
-| ------------------- | -------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `--timeout`         | `120m`         | Total test timeout. Use the built-in flag — never wrap with bash `timeout`. |
-| `--postgres`        | `false`        | Use PostgreSQL instead of SQLite                                            |
-| `--failfast`        | `true`         | Stop on first test failure                                                  |
-| `--go-version`      | auto           | Detected from `go.mod` (currently 1.26.1)                                   |
-| `--clean-before`    | `true`         | Clean stale (stopped/exited) containers before starting                     |
-| `--clean-after`     | `true`         | Clean this run's containers after completion                                |
-| `--keep-on-failure` | `false`        | Preserve containers for manual inspection on failure                        |
-| `--logs-dir`        | `control_logs` | Where to save run artefacts                                                 |
-| `--verbose`         | `false`        | Verbose output                                                              |
-| `--stats`           | `false`        | Collect container resource-usage stats                                      |
-| `--hs-memory-limit` | `0`            | Fail if any headscale container exceeds N MB (0 = disabled)                 |
-| `--ts-memory-limit` | `0`            | Fail if any tailscale container exceeds N MB                                |
-
-### Timeout guidance
-
-The default `120m` is generous for a single test. If you must tune it,
-these are realistic floors by category:
-
-| Test type                 | Minimum     | Examples                              |
-| ------------------------- | ----------- | ------------------------------------- |
-| Basic functionality / CLI | 900s (15m)  | `TestPingAllByIP`, `TestCLI*`         |
-| Route / ACL               | 1200s (20m) | `TestSubnet*`, `TestACL*`             |
-| HA / failover             | 1800s (30m) | `TestHASubnetRouter*`                 |
-| Long-running              | 2100s (35m) | `TestNodeOnlineStatus` (~12 min body) |
-| Full suite                | 45m         | `go test ./integration -timeout 45m`  |
-
-**Never** use the shell `timeout` command around `hi`. It kills the
-process mid-cleanup and leaves stale containers:
-
-```bash
-timeout 300 go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName"   # WRONG — orphaned containers
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName" --timeout=900s  # correct
-```
-
-## Concurrent Execution
-
-Multiple `hi run` invocations can run simultaneously on the same Docker
-daemon. Each invocation gets a unique **Run ID** (format
-`YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS-6charhash`, e.g. `20260409-104215-mdjtzx`).
-
-- **Container names** include the short run ID: `ts-mdjtzx-1-74-fgdyls`
-- **Docker labels**: `hi.run-id={runID}` on every container
-- **Port allocation**: dynamic — kernel assigns free ports, no conflicts
-- **Cleanup isolation**: each run cleans only its own containers
-- **Log directories**: `control_logs/{runID}/`
-
-```bash
-# Start three tests in parallel — each gets its own run ID
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestPingAllByIP" &
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestACLAllowUserDst" &
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestOIDCAuthenticationPingAll" &
-```
-
-### Safety rules for concurrent runs
-
-- ✅ Your run cleans only containers labelled with its own `hi.run-id`
-- ✅ `--clean-before` removes only stopped/exited containers
-- ❌ **Never** run `docker rm -f $(docker ps -q --filter name=hs-)` —
-  this destroys other agents' live test sessions
-- ❌ **Never** run `docker system prune -f` while any tests are running
-- ❌ **Never** run `hi clean containers` / `hi clean all` while other
-  tests are running — both kill all test containers on the daemon
-
-To identify your own containers:
-
-```bash
-docker ps --filter "label=hi.run-id=20260409-104215-mdjtzx"
-```
-
-The run ID appears at the top of the `hi run` output — copy it from
-there rather than trying to reconstruct it.
-
-## Artefacts
-
-Every run saves debugging artefacts under `control_logs/{runID}/`:
-
-```
-control_logs/20260409-104215-mdjtzx/
-├── hs-<test>-<hash>.stderr.log        # headscale server errors
-├── hs-<test>-<hash>.stdout.log        # headscale server output
-├── hs-<test>-<hash>.db                # database snapshot (SQLite)
-├── hs-<test>-<hash>_metrics.txt       # Prometheus metrics dump
-├── hs-<test>-<hash>-mapresponses/     # MapResponse protocol captures
-├── ts-<client>-<hash>.stderr.log      # tailscale client errors
-├── ts-<client>-<hash>.stdout.log      # tailscale client output
-└── ts-<client>-<hash>_status.json     # client network-status dump
-```
-
-Artefacts persist after cleanup. Old runs accumulate fast — delete
-unwanted directories to reclaim disk.
-
-## Debugging workflow
-
-When a test fails, read the artefacts **in this order**:
-
-1. **`hs-*.stderr.log`** — headscale server errors, panics, policy
-   evaluation failures. Most issues originate server-side.
-
-   ```bash
-   grep -E "ERROR|panic|FATAL" control_logs/*/hs-*.stderr.log
-   ```
-
-2. **`ts-*.stderr.log`** — authentication failures, connectivity issues,
-   DNS resolution problems on the client side.
-
-3. **MapResponse JSON** in `hs-*-mapresponses/` — protocol-level
-   debugging for network map generation, peer visibility, route
-   distribution, policy evaluation results.
-
-   ```bash
-   ls control_logs/*/hs-*-mapresponses/
-   jq '.Peers[] | {Name, Tags, PrimaryRoutes}' \
-       control_logs/*/hs-*-mapresponses/001.json
-   ```
-
-4. **`*_status.json`** — client peer-connectivity state.
-
-5. **`hs-*.db`** — SQLite snapshot for post-mortem consistency checks.
-
-   ```bash
-   sqlite3 control_logs/<runID>/hs-*.db
-   sqlite> .tables
-   sqlite> .schema nodes
-   sqlite> SELECT id, hostname, user_id, tags FROM nodes WHERE hostname LIKE '%problematic%';
-   ```
-
-6. **`*_metrics.txt`** — Prometheus dumps for latency, NodeStore
-   operation timing, database query performance, memory usage.
-
-## Heuristic: infrastructure vs code
-
-**Before blaming Docker, disk, or network: read `hs-*.stderr.log` in
-full.** In practice, well over 99% of failures are code bugs (policy
-evaluation, NodeStore sync, route approval) rather than infrastructure.
-
-Actual infrastructure failures have signature error messages:
-
-| Signature                                                       | Cause                     | Fix                                                           |
-| --------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `failed to resolve "hs-...": no DNS fallback candidates remain` | Docker DNS                | Reset Docker networking                                       |
-| `container creation timeout`, no progress >2 min                | Resource exhaustion       | `docker system prune -f` (when no other tests running), retry |
-| OOM kills, slow Docker daemon                                   | Too many concurrent tests | Reduce concurrency, wait for completion                       |
-| `no space left on device`                                       | Disk full                 | Delete old `control_logs/`                                    |
-
-If you don't see a signature error, **assume it's a code regression** —
-do not retry hoping the flake goes away.
-
-## Common failure patterns (code bugs)
-
-### Route advertisement timing
-
-Test asserts route state before the client has finished propagating its
-Hostinfo update. Symptom: `nodes[0].GetAvailableRoutes()` empty when
-the test expects a route.
-
-- **Wrong fix**: `time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)` — fragile and slow.
-- **Right fix**: wrap the assertion in `EventuallyWithT`. See
-  [`../../integration/README.md`](../../integration/README.md).
-
-### NodeStore sync issues
-
-Route changes not reflected in the NodeStore snapshot. Symptom: route
-advertisements in logs but no tracking updates in subsequent reads.
-
-The sync point is `State.UpdateNodeFromMapRequest()` in
-`hscontrol/state/state.go`. If you added a new kind of client state
-update, make sure it lands here.
-
-### HA failover: routes disappearing on disconnect
-
-`TestHASubnetRouterFailover` fails because approved routes vanish when
-a subnet router goes offline. **This is a bug, not expected behaviour.**
-Route approval must not be coupled to client connectivity — routes
-stay approved; only the primary-route selection is affected by
-connectivity.
-
-### Policy evaluation race
-
-Symptom: tests that change policy and immediately assert peer visibility
-fail intermittently. Policy changes trigger async recomputation.
-
-- See recent fixes in `git log -- hscontrol/state/` for examples (e.g.
-  the `PolicyChange` trigger on every Connect/Disconnect).
-
-### SQLite vs PostgreSQL timing differences
-
-Some race conditions only surface on one backend. If a test is flaky,
-try the other backend with `--postgres`:
-
-```bash
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName" --postgres --verbose
-```
-
-PostgreSQL generally has more consistent timing; SQLite can expose
-races during rapid writes.
-
-## Keeping containers for inspection
-
-If you need to inspect a failed test's state manually:
-
-```bash
-go run ./cmd/hi run "TestName" --keep-on-failure
-# containers survive — inspect them
-docker exec -it ts-<runID>-<...> /bin/sh
-docker logs hs-<runID>-<...>
-# clean up manually when done
-go run ./cmd/hi clean all   # only when no other tests are running
-```
+hi (headscale integration runner) is an entirely "vibe coded" wrapper around our
+[integration test suite](../integration). It essentially runs the docker
+commands for you with some added benefits of extracting resources like logs and
+databases.

cmd/hi/cleanup.go

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ import (
 func cleanupBeforeTest(ctx context.Context) error {
 	err := cleanupStaleTestContainers(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cleaning stale test containers: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean stale test containers: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := pruneDockerNetworks(ctx); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return fmt.Errorf("pruning networks: %w", err)
+	if err := pruneDockerNetworks(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to prune networks: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ func cleanupAfterTest(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID, runI
 		Force: true,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("removing test container: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove test container: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Clean up integration test containers for this run only
 	if runID != "" {
 		err := killTestContainersByRunID(ctx, runID)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cleaning up containers for run %s: %w", runID, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean up containers for run %s: %w", runID, err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ func cleanupAfterTest(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID, runI
 
 // killTestContainers terminates and removes all test containers.
 func killTestContainers(ctx context.Context) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create Docker client: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
@@ -65,14 +65,12 @@ func killTestContainers(ctx context.Context) error {
 		All: true,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing containers: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list containers: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	removed := 0
-
 	for _, cont := range containers {
 		shouldRemove := false
-
 		for _, name := range cont.Names {
 			if strings.Contains(name, "headscale-test-suite") ||
 				strings.Contains(name, "hs-") ||
@@ -109,9 +107,9 @@ func killTestContainers(ctx context.Context) error {
 // This function filters containers by the hi.run-id label to only affect containers
 // belonging to the specified test run, leaving other concurrent test runs untouched.
 func killTestContainersByRunID(ctx context.Context, runID string) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create Docker client: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
@@ -123,7 +121,7 @@ func killTestContainersByRunID(ctx context.Context, runID string) error {
 		),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing containers for run %s: %w", runID, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list containers for run %s: %w", runID, err)
 	}
 
 	removed := 0
@@ -151,9 +149,9 @@ func killTestContainersByRunID(ctx context.Context, runID string) error {
 // This is useful for cleaning up leftover containers from previous crashed or interrupted test runs
 // without interfering with currently running concurrent tests.
 func cleanupStaleTestContainers(ctx context.Context) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create Docker client: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
@@ -166,7 +164,7 @@ func cleanupStaleTestContainers(ctx context.Context) error {
 		),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing stopped containers: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list stopped containers: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	removed := 0
@@ -225,15 +223,15 @@ func removeContainerWithRetry(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, container
 
 // pruneDockerNetworks removes unused Docker networks.
 func pruneDockerNetworks(ctx context.Context) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create Docker client: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
 	report, err := cli.NetworksPrune(ctx, filters.Args{})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("pruning networks: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to prune networks: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if len(report.NetworksDeleted) > 0 {
@@ -247,9 +245,9 @@ func pruneDockerNetworks(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 // cleanOldImages removes test-related and old dangling Docker images.
 func cleanOldImages(ctx context.Context) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create Docker client: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
@@ -257,14 +255,12 @@ func cleanOldImages(ctx context.Context) error {
 		All: true,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing images: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list images: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	removed := 0
-
 	for _, img := range images {
 		shouldRemove := false
-
 		for _, tag := range img.RepoTags {
 			if strings.Contains(tag, "hs-") ||
 				strings.Contains(tag, "headscale-integration") ||
@@ -299,19 +295,18 @@ func cleanOldImages(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 // cleanCacheVolume removes the Docker volume used for Go module cache.
 func cleanCacheVolume(ctx context.Context) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create Docker client: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
 	volumeName := "hs-integration-go-cache"
-
 	err = cli.VolumeRemove(ctx, volumeName, true)
 	if err != nil {
-		if errdefs.IsNotFound(err) { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but functional
+		if errdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
 			fmt.Printf("Go module cache volume not found: %s\n", volumeName)
-		} else if errdefs.IsConflict(err) { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but functional
+		} else if errdefs.IsConflict(err) {
 			fmt.Printf("Go module cache volume is in use and cannot be removed: %s\n", volumeName)
 		} else {
 			fmt.Printf("Failed to remove Go module cache volume %s: %v\n", volumeName, err)
@@ -335,7 +330,7 @@ func cleanCacheVolume(ctx context.Context) error {
 func cleanupSuccessfulTestArtifacts(logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
 	entries, err := os.ReadDir(logsDir)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("reading logs directory: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read logs directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	var (

cmd/hi/docker.go

@@ -22,22 +22,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/integration/dockertestutil"
 )
 
-const defaultDirPerm = 0o755
-
 var (
 	ErrTestFailed              = errors.New("test failed")
 	ErrUnexpectedContainerWait = errors.New("unexpected end of container wait")
 	ErrNoDockerContext         = errors.New("no docker context found")
-	ErrMemoryLimitViolations   = errors.New("container(s) exceeded memory limits")
 )
 
 // runTestContainer executes integration tests in a Docker container.
-//
-//nolint:gocyclo // complex test orchestration function
 func runTestContainer(ctx context.Context, config *RunConfig) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create Docker client: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
@@ -53,21 +48,19 @@ func runTestContainer(ctx context.Context, config *RunConfig) error {
 
 	absLogsDir, err := filepath.Abs(logsDir)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("getting absolute path for logs directory: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get absolute path for logs directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	const dirPerm = 0o755
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(absLogsDir, dirPerm); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating logs directory: %w", err)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(absLogsDir, dirPerm); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create logs directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if config.CleanBefore {
 		if config.Verbose {
 			log.Printf("Running pre-test cleanup...")
 		}
-
-		err := cleanupBeforeTest(ctx)
-		if err != nil && config.Verbose {
+		if err := cleanupBeforeTest(ctx); err != nil && config.Verbose {
 			log.Printf("Warning: pre-test cleanup failed: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -78,21 +71,21 @@ func runTestContainer(ctx context.Context, config *RunConfig) error {
 	}
 
 	imageName := "golang:" + config.GoVersion
-	if err := ensureImageAvailable(ctx, cli, imageName, config.Verbose); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return fmt.Errorf("ensuring image availability: %w", err)
+	if err := ensureImageAvailable(ctx, cli, imageName, config.Verbose); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to ensure image availability: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	resp, err := createGoTestContainer(ctx, cli, config, containerName, absLogsDir, goTestCmd)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating container: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create container: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if config.Verbose {
 		log.Printf("Created container: %s", resp.ID)
 	}
 
-	if err := cli.ContainerStart(ctx, resp.ID, container.StartOptions{}); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return fmt.Errorf("starting container: %w", err)
+	if err := cli.ContainerStart(ctx, resp.ID, container.StartOptions{}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to start container: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	log.Printf("Starting test: %s", config.TestPattern)
@@ -102,16 +95,13 @@ func runTestContainer(ctx context.Context, config *RunConfig) error {
 
 	// Start stats collection for container resource monitoring (if enabled)
 	var statsCollector *StatsCollector
-
 	if config.Stats {
 		var err error
-
-		statsCollector, err = NewStatsCollector(ctx)
+		statsCollector, err = NewStatsCollector()
 		if err != nil {
 			if config.Verbose {
 				log.Printf("Warning: failed to create stats collector: %v", err)
 			}
-
 			statsCollector = nil
 		}
 
@@ -120,8 +110,7 @@ func runTestContainer(ctx context.Context, config *RunConfig) error {
 
 			// Start stats collection immediately - no need for complex retry logic
 			// The new implementation monitors Docker events and will catch containers as they start
-			err := statsCollector.StartCollection(ctx, runID, config.Verbose)
-			if err != nil {
+			if err := statsCollector.StartCollection(ctx, runID, config.Verbose); err != nil {
 				if config.Verbose {
 					log.Printf("Warning: failed to start stats collection: %v", err)
 				}
@@ -133,13 +122,12 @@ func runTestContainer(ctx context.Context, config *RunConfig) error {
 	exitCode, err := streamAndWait(ctx, cli, resp.ID)
 
 	// Ensure all containers have finished and logs are flushed before extracting artifacts
-	waitErr := waitForContainerFinalization(ctx, cli, resp.ID, config.Verbose)
-	if waitErr != nil && config.Verbose {
+	if waitErr := waitForContainerFinalization(ctx, cli, resp.ID, config.Verbose); waitErr != nil && config.Verbose {
 		log.Printf("Warning: failed to wait for container finalization: %v", waitErr)
 	}
 
 	// Extract artifacts from test containers before cleanup
-	if err := extractArtifactsFromContainers(ctx, resp.ID, logsDir, config.Verbose); err != nil && config.Verbose { //nolint:noinlineerr
+	if err := extractArtifactsFromContainers(ctx, resp.ID, logsDir, config.Verbose); err != nil && config.Verbose {
 		log.Printf("Warning: failed to extract artifacts from containers: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -152,13 +140,12 @@ func runTestContainer(ctx context.Context, config *RunConfig) error {
 		if len(violations) > 0 {
 			log.Printf("MEMORY LIMIT VIOLATIONS DETECTED:")
 			log.Printf("=================================")
-
 			for _, violation := range violations {
 				log.Printf("Container %s exceeded memory limit: %.1f MB > %.1f MB",
 					violation.ContainerName, violation.MaxMemoryMB, violation.LimitMB)
 			}
 
-			return fmt.Errorf("test failed: %d %w", len(violations), ErrMemoryLimitViolations)
+			return fmt.Errorf("test failed: %d container(s) exceeded memory limits", len(violations))
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -189,7 +176,7 @@ func runTestContainer(ctx context.Context, config *RunConfig) error {
 	}
 
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("executing test: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("test execution failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if exitCode != 0 {
@@ -223,7 +210,7 @@ func buildGoTestCommand(config *RunConfig) []string {
 func createGoTestContainer(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, config *RunConfig, containerName, logsDir string, goTestCmd []string) (container.CreateResponse, error) {
 	pwd, err := os.Getwd()
 	if err != nil {
-		return container.CreateResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("getting working directory: %w", err)
+		return container.CreateResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get working directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	projectRoot := findProjectRoot(pwd)
@@ -325,7 +312,7 @@ func streamAndWait(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID string)
 		Follow:     true,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return -1, fmt.Errorf("getting container logs: %w", err)
+		return -1, fmt.Errorf("failed to get container logs: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer out.Close()
 
@@ -337,7 +324,7 @@ func streamAndWait(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID string)
 	select {
 	case err := <-errCh:
 		if err != nil {
-			return -1, fmt.Errorf("waiting for container: %w", err)
+			return -1, fmt.Errorf("error waiting for container: %w", err)
 		}
 	case status := <-statusCh:
 		return int(status.StatusCode), nil
@@ -351,7 +338,7 @@ func waitForContainerFinalization(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, testC
 	// First, get all related test containers
 	containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, container.ListOptions{All: true})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing containers: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list containers: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	testContainers := getCurrentTestContainers(containers, testContainerID, verbose)
@@ -360,7 +347,6 @@ func waitForContainerFinalization(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, testC
 	maxWaitTime := 10 * time.Second
 	checkInterval := 500 * time.Millisecond
 	timeout := time.After(maxWaitTime)
-
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(checkInterval)
 	defer ticker.Stop()
 
@@ -370,7 +356,6 @@ func waitForContainerFinalization(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, testC
 			if verbose {
 				log.Printf("Timeout waiting for container finalization, proceeding with artifact extraction")
 			}
-
 			return nil
 		case <-ticker.C:
 			allFinalized := true
@@ -381,14 +366,12 @@ func waitForContainerFinalization(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, testC
 					if verbose {
 						log.Printf("Warning: failed to inspect container %s: %v", testCont.name, err)
 					}
-
 					continue
 				}
 
 				// Check if container is in a final state
 				if !isContainerFinalized(inspect.State) {
 					allFinalized = false
-
 					if verbose {
 						log.Printf("Container %s still finalizing (state: %s)", testCont.name, inspect.State.Status)
 					}
@@ -401,7 +384,6 @@ func waitForContainerFinalization(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, testC
 				if verbose {
 					log.Printf("All test containers finalized, ready for artifact extraction")
 				}
-
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
@@ -418,15 +400,13 @@ func isContainerFinalized(state *container.State) bool {
 func findProjectRoot(startPath string) string {
 	current := startPath
 	for {
-		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(current, "go.mod")); err == nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(current, "go.mod")); err == nil {
 			return current
 		}
-
 		parent := filepath.Dir(current)
 		if parent == current {
 			return startPath
 		}
-
 		current = parent
 	}
 }
@@ -436,7 +416,6 @@ func boolToInt(b bool) int {
 	if b {
 		return 1
 	}
-
 	return 0
 }
 
@@ -449,14 +428,13 @@ type DockerContext struct {
 }
 
 // createDockerClient creates a Docker client with context detection.
-func createDockerClient(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
-	contextInfo, err := getCurrentDockerContext(ctx)
+func createDockerClient() (*client.Client, error) {
+	contextInfo, err := getCurrentDockerContext()
 	if err != nil {
 		return client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv, client.WithAPIVersionNegotiation())
 	}
 
 	var clientOpts []client.Opt
-
 	clientOpts = append(clientOpts, client.WithAPIVersionNegotiation())
 
 	if contextInfo != nil {
@@ -466,7 +444,6 @@ func createDockerClient(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
 					if runConfig.Verbose {
 						log.Printf("Using Docker host from context '%s': %s", contextInfo.Name, host)
 					}
-
 					clientOpts = append(clientOpts, client.WithHost(host))
 				}
 			}
@@ -481,17 +458,16 @@ func createDockerClient(ctx context.Context) (*client.Client, error) {
 }
 
 // getCurrentDockerContext retrieves the current Docker context information.
-func getCurrentDockerContext(ctx context.Context) (*DockerContext, error) {
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", "context", "inspect")
-
+func getCurrentDockerContext() (*DockerContext, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("docker", "context", "inspect")
 	output, err := cmd.Output()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting docker context: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get docker context: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	var contexts []DockerContext
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(output, &contexts); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing docker context: %w", err)
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(output, &contexts); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse docker context: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if len(contexts) > 0 {
@@ -510,13 +486,12 @@ func getDockerSocketPath() string {
 
 // checkImageAvailableLocally checks if the specified Docker image is available locally.
 func checkImageAvailableLocally(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, imageName string) (bool, error) {
-	_, _, err := cli.ImageInspectWithRaw(ctx, imageName) //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but functional
+	_, _, err := cli.ImageInspectWithRaw(ctx, imageName)
 	if err != nil {
-		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but functional
+		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
 			return false, nil
 		}
-
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("inspecting image %s: %w", imageName, err)
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to inspect image %s: %w", imageName, err)
 	}
 
 	return true, nil
@@ -527,14 +502,13 @@ func ensureImageAvailable(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, imageName str
 	// First check if image is available locally
 	available, err := checkImageAvailableLocally(ctx, cli, imageName)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("checking local image availability: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check local image availability: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if available {
 		if verbose {
 			log.Printf("Image %s is available locally", imageName)
 		}
-
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -545,21 +519,20 @@ func ensureImageAvailable(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, imageName str
 
 	reader, err := cli.ImagePull(ctx, imageName, image.PullOptions{})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("pulling image %s: %w", imageName, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to pull image %s: %w", imageName, err)
 	}
 	defer reader.Close()
 
 	if verbose {
 		_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, reader)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("reading pull output: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read pull output: %w", err)
 		}
 	} else {
 		_, err = io.Copy(io.Discard, reader)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("reading pull output: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to read pull output: %w", err)
 		}
-
 		log.Printf("Image %s pulled successfully", imageName)
 	}
 
@@ -574,11 +547,9 @@ func listControlFiles(logsDir string) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	var (
-		logFiles  []string
-		dataFiles []string
-		dataDirs  []string
-	)
+	var logFiles []string
+	var dataFiles []string
+	var dataDirs []string
 
 	for _, entry := range entries {
 		name := entry.Name()
@@ -607,7 +578,6 @@ func listControlFiles(logsDir string) {
 
 	if len(logFiles) > 0 {
 		log.Printf("Headscale logs:")
-
 		for _, file := range logFiles {
 			log.Printf("  %s", file)
 		}
@@ -615,11 +585,9 @@ func listControlFiles(logsDir string) {
 
 	if len(dataFiles) > 0 || len(dataDirs) > 0 {
 		log.Printf("Headscale data:")
-
 		for _, file := range dataFiles {
 			log.Printf("  %s", file)
 		}
-
 		for _, dir := range dataDirs {
 			log.Printf("  %s/", dir)
 		}
@@ -628,27 +596,25 @@ func listControlFiles(logsDir string) {
 
 // extractArtifactsFromContainers collects container logs and files from the specific test run.
 func extractArtifactsFromContainers(ctx context.Context, testContainerID, logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create Docker client: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer cli.Close()
 
 	// List all containers
 	containers, err := cli.ContainerList(ctx, container.ListOptions{All: true})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing containers: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to list containers: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Get containers from the specific test run
 	currentTestContainers := getCurrentTestContainers(containers, testContainerID, verbose)
 
 	extractedCount := 0
-
 	for _, cont := range currentTestContainers {
 		// Extract container logs and tar files
-		err := extractContainerArtifacts(ctx, cli, cont.ID, cont.name, logsDir, verbose)
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := extractContainerArtifacts(ctx, cli, cont.ID, cont.name, logsDir, verbose); err != nil {
 			if verbose {
 				log.Printf("Warning: failed to extract artifacts from container %s (%s): %v", cont.name, cont.ID[:12], err)
 			}
@@ -656,7 +622,6 @@ func extractArtifactsFromContainers(ctx context.Context, testContainerID, logsDi
 			if verbose {
 				log.Printf("Extracted artifacts from container %s (%s)", cont.name, cont.ID[:12])
 			}
-
 			extractedCount++
 		}
 	}
@@ -680,13 +645,11 @@ func getCurrentTestContainers(containers []container.Summary, testContainerID st
 
 	// Find the test container to get its run ID label
 	var runID string
-
 	for _, cont := range containers {
 		if cont.ID == testContainerID {
 			if cont.Labels != nil {
 				runID = cont.Labels["hi.run-id"]
 			}
-
 			break
 		}
 	}
@@ -727,21 +690,18 @@ func getCurrentTestContainers(containers []container.Summary, testContainerID st
 // extractContainerArtifacts saves logs and tar files from a container.
 func extractContainerArtifacts(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID, containerName, logsDir string, verbose bool) error {
 	// Ensure the logs directory exists
-	err := os.MkdirAll(logsDir, defaultDirPerm)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating logs directory: %w", err)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(logsDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create logs directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Extract container logs
-	err = extractContainerLogs(ctx, cli, containerID, containerName, logsDir, verbose)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("extracting logs: %w", err)
+	if err := extractContainerLogs(ctx, cli, containerID, containerName, logsDir, verbose); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to extract logs: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Extract tar files for headscale containers only
 	if strings.HasPrefix(containerName, "hs-") {
-		err := extractContainerFiles(ctx, cli, containerID, containerName, logsDir, verbose)
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := extractContainerFiles(ctx, cli, containerID, containerName, logsDir, verbose); err != nil {
 			if verbose {
 				log.Printf("Warning: failed to extract files from %s: %v", containerName, err)
 			}
@@ -763,7 +723,7 @@ func extractContainerLogs(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID,
 		Tail:       "all",
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("getting container logs: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get container logs: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer logReader.Close()
 
@@ -777,17 +737,17 @@ func extractContainerLogs(ctx context.Context, cli *client.Client, containerID,
 	// Demultiplex the Docker logs stream to separate stdout and stderr
 	_, err = stdcopy.StdCopy(&stdoutBuf, &stderrBuf, logReader)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("demultiplexing container logs: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to demultiplex container logs: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Write stdout logs
-	if err := os.WriteFile(stdoutPath, stdoutBuf.Bytes(), 0o644); err != nil { //nolint:gosec,noinlineerr // log files should be readable
-		return fmt.Errorf("writing stdout log: %w", err)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(stdoutPath, stdoutBuf.Bytes(), 0o644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write stdout log: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Write stderr logs
-	if err := os.WriteFile(stderrPath, stderrBuf.Bytes(), 0o644); err != nil { //nolint:gosec,noinlineerr // log files should be readable
-		return fmt.Errorf("writing stderr log: %w", err)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(stderrPath, stderrBuf.Bytes(), 0o644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write stderr log: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if verbose {

cmd/hi/doctor.go

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ func runDoctorCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	// Check 3: Go installation
-	results = append(results, checkGoInstallation(ctx))
+	results = append(results, checkGoInstallation())
 
 	// Check 4: Git repository
-	results = append(results, checkGitRepository(ctx))
+	results = append(results, checkGitRepository())
 
 	// Check 5: Required files
-	results = append(results, checkRequiredFiles(ctx))
+	results = append(results, checkRequiredFiles())
 
 	// Display results
 	displayDoctorResults(results)
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func checkDockerBinary() DoctorResult {
 
 // checkDockerDaemon verifies Docker daemon is running and accessible.
 func checkDockerDaemon(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
 		return DoctorResult{
 			Name:    "Docker Daemon",
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ func checkDockerDaemon(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 }
 
 // checkDockerContext verifies Docker context configuration.
-func checkDockerContext(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	contextInfo, err := getCurrentDockerContext(ctx)
+func checkDockerContext(_ context.Context) DoctorResult {
+	contextInfo, err := getCurrentDockerContext()
 	if err != nil {
 		return DoctorResult{
 			Name:    "Docker Context",
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func checkDockerContext(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 
 // checkDockerSocket verifies Docker socket accessibility.
 func checkDockerSocket(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
 		return DoctorResult{
 			Name:    "Docker Socket",
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ func checkDockerSocket(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 
 // checkGolangImage verifies the golang Docker image is available locally or can be pulled.
 func checkGolangImage(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
 		return DoctorResult{
 			Name:    "Golang Image",
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ func checkGolangImage(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 }
 
 // checkGoInstallation verifies Go is installed and working.
-func checkGoInstallation(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
+func checkGoInstallation() DoctorResult {
 	_, err := exec.LookPath("go")
 	if err != nil {
 		return DoctorResult{
@@ -265,8 +265,7 @@ func checkGoInstallation(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 		}
 	}
 
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "go", "version")
-
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", "version")
 	output, err := cmd.Output()
 	if err != nil {
 		return DoctorResult{
@@ -286,9 +285,8 @@ func checkGoInstallation(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 }
 
 // checkGitRepository verifies we're in a git repository.
-func checkGitRepository(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "git", "rev-parse", "--git-dir")
-
+func checkGitRepository() DoctorResult {
+	cmd := exec.Command("git", "rev-parse", "--git-dir")
 	err := cmd.Run()
 	if err != nil {
 		return DoctorResult{
@@ -310,7 +308,7 @@ func checkGitRepository(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 }
 
 // checkRequiredFiles verifies required files exist.
-func checkRequiredFiles(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
+func checkRequiredFiles() DoctorResult {
 	requiredFiles := []string{
 		"go.mod",
 		"integration/",
@@ -318,12 +316,9 @@ func checkRequiredFiles(ctx context.Context) DoctorResult {
 	}
 
 	var missingFiles []string
-
 	for _, file := range requiredFiles {
-		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "test", "-e", file)
-
-		err := cmd.Run()
-		if err != nil {
+		cmd := exec.Command("test", "-e", file)
+		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
 			missingFiles = append(missingFiles, file)
 		}
 	}
@@ -355,7 +350,6 @@ func displayDoctorResults(results []DoctorResult) {
 
 	for _, result := range results {
 		var icon string
-
 		switch result.Status {
 		case "PASS":
 			icon = "✅"

cmd/hi/main.go

@@ -79,18 +79,13 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 func cleanAll(ctx context.Context) error {
-	err := killTestContainers(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := killTestContainers(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	err = pruneDockerNetworks(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := pruneDockerNetworks(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	err = cleanOldImages(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := cleanOldImages(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 

cmd/hi/run.go

@@ -48,9 +48,7 @@ func runIntegrationTest(env *command.Env) error {
 	if runConfig.Verbose {
 		log.Printf("Running pre-flight system checks...")
 	}
-
-	err := runDoctorCheck(env.Context())
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := runDoctorCheck(env.Context()); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("pre-flight checks failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -68,15 +66,15 @@ func runIntegrationTest(env *command.Env) error {
 func detectGoVersion() string {
 	goModPath := filepath.Join("..", "..", "go.mod")
 
-	if _, err := os.Stat("go.mod"); err == nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
+	if _, err := os.Stat("go.mod"); err == nil {
 		goModPath = "go.mod"
-	} else if _, err := os.Stat("../../go.mod"); err == nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
+	} else if _, err := os.Stat("../../go.mod"); err == nil {
 		goModPath = "../../go.mod"
 	}
 
 	content, err := os.ReadFile(goModPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "1.26.1"
+		return "1.25"
 	}
 
 	lines := splitLines(string(content))
@@ -91,15 +89,13 @@ func detectGoVersion() string {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return "1.26.1"
+	return "1.25"
 }
 
 // splitLines splits a string into lines without using strings.Split.
 func splitLines(s string) []string {
-	var (
-		lines   []string
-		current string
-	)
+	var lines []string
+	var current string
 
 	for _, char := range s {
 		if char == '\n' {

cmd/hi/stats.go

@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 )
 
-// ErrStatsCollectionAlreadyStarted is returned when trying to start stats collection that is already running.
-var ErrStatsCollectionAlreadyStarted = errors.New("stats collection already started")
-
 // ContainerStats represents statistics for a single container.
 type ContainerStats struct {
 	ContainerID   string
@@ -47,10 +44,10 @@ type StatsCollector struct {
 }
 
 // NewStatsCollector creates a new stats collector instance.
-func NewStatsCollector(ctx context.Context) (*StatsCollector, error) {
-	cli, err := createDockerClient(ctx)
+func NewStatsCollector() (*StatsCollector, error) {
+	cli, err := createDockerClient()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create Docker client: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return &StatsCollector{
@@ -66,19 +63,17 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) StartCollection(ctx context.Context, runID string, ver
 	defer sc.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	if sc.collectionStarted {
-		return ErrStatsCollectionAlreadyStarted
+		return errors.New("stats collection already started")
 	}
 
 	sc.collectionStarted = true
 
 	// Start monitoring existing containers
 	sc.wg.Add(1)
-
 	go sc.monitorExistingContainers(ctx, runID, verbose)
 
 	// Start Docker events monitoring for new containers
 	sc.wg.Add(1)
-
 	go sc.monitorDockerEvents(ctx, runID, verbose)
 
 	if verbose {
@@ -92,12 +87,10 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) StartCollection(ctx context.Context, runID string, ver
 func (sc *StatsCollector) StopCollection() {
 	// Check if already stopped without holding lock
 	sc.mutex.RLock()
-
 	if !sc.collectionStarted {
 		sc.mutex.RUnlock()
 		return
 	}
-
 	sc.mutex.RUnlock()
 
 	// Signal stop to all goroutines
@@ -121,7 +114,6 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) monitorExistingContainers(ctx context.Context, runID s
 		if verbose {
 			log.Printf("Failed to list existing containers: %v", err)
 		}
-
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -155,13 +147,13 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) monitorDockerEvents(ctx context.Context, runID string,
 		case event := <-events:
 			if event.Type == "container" && event.Action == "start" {
 				// Get container details
-				containerInfo, err := sc.client.ContainerInspect(ctx, event.ID) //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: use Actor.ID
+				containerInfo, err := sc.client.ContainerInspect(ctx, event.ID)
 				if err != nil {
 					continue
 				}
 
 				// Convert to types.Container format for consistency
-				cont := types.Container{ //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: use container.Summary
+				cont := types.Container{
 					ID:     containerInfo.ID,
 					Names:  []string{containerInfo.Name},
 					Labels: containerInfo.Config.Labels,
@@ -175,14 +167,13 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) monitorDockerEvents(ctx context.Context, runID string,
 			if verbose {
 				log.Printf("Error in Docker events stream: %v", err)
 			}
-
 			return
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 // shouldMonitorContainer determines if a container should be monitored.
-func (sc *StatsCollector) shouldMonitorContainer(cont types.Container, runID string) bool { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: use container.Summary
+func (sc *StatsCollector) shouldMonitorContainer(cont types.Container, runID string) bool {
 	// Check if it has the correct run ID label
 	if cont.Labels == nil || cont.Labels["hi.run-id"] != runID {
 		return false
@@ -222,7 +213,6 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) startStatsForContainer(ctx context.Context, containerI
 	}
 
 	sc.wg.Add(1)
-
 	go sc.collectStatsForContainer(ctx, containerID, verbose)
 }
 
@@ -236,14 +226,12 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) collectStatsForContainer(ctx context.Context, containe
 		if verbose {
 			log.Printf("Failed to get stats stream for container %s: %v", containerID[:12], err)
 		}
-
 		return
 	}
 	defer statsResponse.Body.Close()
 
 	decoder := json.NewDecoder(statsResponse.Body)
-
-	var prevStats *container.Stats //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: use StatsResponse
+	var prevStats *container.Stats
 
 	for {
 		select {
@@ -252,15 +240,12 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) collectStatsForContainer(ctx context.Context, containe
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return
 		default:
-			var stats container.Stats //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: use StatsResponse
-
-			err := decoder.Decode(&stats)
-			if err != nil {
+			var stats container.Stats
+			if err := decoder.Decode(&stats); err != nil {
 				// EOF is expected when container stops or stream ends
 				if err.Error() != "EOF" && verbose {
 					log.Printf("Failed to decode stats for container %s: %v", containerID[:12], err)
 				}
-
 				return
 			}
 
@@ -276,10 +261,8 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) collectStatsForContainer(ctx context.Context, containe
 			// Store the sample (skip first sample since CPU calculation needs previous stats)
 			if prevStats != nil {
 				// Get container stats reference without holding the main mutex
-				var (
-					containerStats *ContainerStats
-					exists         bool
-				)
+				var containerStats *ContainerStats
+				var exists bool
 
 				sc.mutex.RLock()
 				containerStats, exists = sc.containers[containerID]
@@ -303,7 +286,7 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) collectStatsForContainer(ctx context.Context, containe
 }
 
 // calculateCPUPercent calculates CPU usage percentage from Docker stats.
-func calculateCPUPercent(prevStats, stats *container.Stats) float64 { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: use StatsResponse
+func calculateCPUPercent(prevStats, stats *container.Stats) float64 {
 	// CPU calculation based on Docker's implementation
 	cpuDelta := float64(stats.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage) - float64(prevStats.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage)
 	systemDelta := float64(stats.CPUStats.SystemUsage) - float64(prevStats.CPUStats.SystemUsage)
@@ -348,12 +331,10 @@ type StatsSummary struct {
 func (sc *StatsCollector) GetSummary() []ContainerStatsSummary {
 	// Take snapshot of container references without holding main lock long
 	sc.mutex.RLock()
-
 	containerRefs := make([]*ContainerStats, 0, len(sc.containers))
 	for _, containerStats := range sc.containers {
 		containerRefs = append(containerRefs, containerStats)
 	}
-
 	sc.mutex.RUnlock()
 
 	summaries := make([]ContainerStatsSummary, 0, len(containerRefs))
@@ -403,25 +384,23 @@ func calculateStatsSummary(values []float64) StatsSummary {
 		return StatsSummary{}
 	}
 
-	minVal := values[0]
-	maxVal := values[0]
+	min := values[0]
+	max := values[0]
 	sum := 0.0
 
 	for _, value := range values {
-		if value < minVal {
-			minVal = value
+		if value < min {
+			min = value
 		}
-
-		if value > maxVal {
-			maxVal = value
+		if value > max {
+			max = value
 		}
-
 		sum += value
 	}
 
 	return StatsSummary{
-		Min:     minVal,
-		Max:     maxVal,
+		Min:     min,
+		Max:     max,
 		Average: sum / float64(len(values)),
 	}
 }
@@ -455,7 +434,6 @@ func (sc *StatsCollector) CheckMemoryLimits(hsLimitMB, tsLimitMB float64) []Memo
 	}
 
 	summaries := sc.GetSummary()
-
 	var violations []MemoryViolation
 
 	for _, summary := range summaries {

cmd/mapresponses/main.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
@@ -16,10 +15,7 @@ type MapConfig struct {
 	Directory string `flag:"directory,Directory to read map responses from"`
 }
 
-var (
-	mapConfig            MapConfig
-	errDirectoryRequired = errors.New("directory is required")
-)
+var mapConfig MapConfig
 
 func main() {
 	root := command.C{
@@ -44,7 +40,7 @@ func main() {
 // runIntegrationTest executes the integration test workflow.
 func runOnline(env *command.Env) error {
 	if mapConfig.Directory == "" {
-		return errDirectoryRequired
+		return fmt.Errorf("directory is required")
 	}
 
 	resps, err := mapper.ReadMapResponsesFromDirectory(mapConfig.Directory)
@@ -61,6 +57,5 @@ func runOnline(env *command.Env) error {
 
 	os.Stderr.Write(out)
 	os.Stderr.Write([]byte("\n"))
-
 	return nil
 }

config-example.yaml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:8080
 
 # Address to listen to /metrics and /debug, you may want
 # to keep this endpoint private to your internal network
-# Use an empty value to disable the metrics listener.
+# Use an emty value to disable the metrics listener.
 metrics_listen_addr: 127.0.0.1:9090
 
 # Address to listen for gRPC.
@@ -50,21 +50,12 @@ noise:
 # List of IP prefixes to allocate tailaddresses from.
 # Each prefix consists of either an IPv4 or IPv6 address,
 # and the associated prefix length, delimited by a slash.
-#
-# WARNING: These prefixes MUST be subsets of the standard Tailscale ranges:
-#   - IPv4: 100.64.0.0/10 (CGNAT range)
-#   - IPv6: fd7a:115c:a1e0::/48 (Tailscale ULA range)
-#
-# Using a SUBSET of these ranges is supported and useful if you want to
-# limit IP allocation to a smaller block (e.g., 100.64.0.0/24).
-#
-# Using ranges OUTSIDE of CGNAT/ULA is NOT supported and will cause
-# undefined behaviour. The Tailscale client has hard-coded assumptions
-# about these ranges and will break in subtle, hard-to-debug ways.
-#
-# See:
-# IPv4: https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/blob/22ebb25e833264f58d7c3f534a8b166894a89536/net/tsaddr/tsaddr.go#L33
+# It must be within IP ranges supported by the Tailscale
+# client - i.e., subnets of 100.64.0.0/10 and fd7a:115c:a1e0::/48.
+# See below:
 # IPv6: https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/blob/22ebb25e833264f58d7c3f534a8b166894a89536/net/tsaddr/tsaddr.go#LL81C52-L81C71
+# IPv4: https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/blob/22ebb25e833264f58d7c3f534a8b166894a89536/net/tsaddr/tsaddr.go#L33
+# Any other range is NOT supported, and it will cause unexpected issues.
 prefixes:
   v4: 100.64.0.0/10
   v6: fd7a:115c:a1e0::/48
@@ -128,7 +119,7 @@ derp:
   #
   # This option is mostly interesting for people hosting
   # their own DERP servers:
-  # https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/derp-servers/custom-derp-servers
+  # https://tailscale.com/kb/1118/custom-derp-servers/
   #
   # paths:
   #   - /etc/headscale/derp-example.yaml
@@ -145,45 +136,8 @@ derp:
 # Disables the automatic check for headscale updates on startup
 disable_check_updates: false
 
-# Node lifecycle configuration.
-node:
-  # Default key expiry for non-tagged nodes, regardless of registration method
-  # (auth key, CLI, web auth). Tagged nodes are exempt and never expire.
-  #
-  # This is the base default. OIDC can override this via oidc.expiry.
-  # If a client explicitly requests a specific expiry, the client value is used.
-  #
-  # Setting the value to "0" means no default expiry (nodes never expire unless
-  # explicitly expired via `headscale nodes expire`).
-  #
-  # Tailscale SaaS uses 180d; set to a positive duration to match that behaviour.
-  #
-  # Default: 0 (no default expiry)
-  expiry: 0
-
-  ephemeral:
-    # Time before an inactive ephemeral node is deleted.
-    inactivity_timeout: 30m
-
-  # HA subnet router health probing.
-  #
-  # When HA routes exist (2+ nodes advertising the same prefix), headscale
-  # pings each HA node every probe_interval via the Noise channel. If a node
-  # fails to respond within probe_timeout it is marked unhealthy and the
-  # primary role moves to the next healthy node. A node that later responds
-  # is marked healthy again but does NOT reclaim primary (avoids flapping).
-  #
-  # Worst-case detection time is probe_interval + probe_timeout (15s default).
-  # No-op when no HA routes exist. Set probe_interval to 0 to disable.
-  routes:
-    ha:
-      # How often to ping HA subnet routers. Set to 0 to disable probing.
-      # Must be >= 2s when enabled.
-      probe_interval: 10s
-
-      # How long to wait for a ping response before marking a node unhealthy.
-      # Must be >= 1s and less than probe_interval.
-      probe_timeout: 5s
+# Time before an inactive ephemeral node is deleted?
+ephemeral_node_inactivity_timeout: 30m
 
 database:
   # Database type. Available options: sqlite, postgres
@@ -283,7 +237,7 @@ log:
 ## Policy
 # headscale supports Tailscale's ACL policies.
 # Please have a look to their KB to better
-# understand the concepts: https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/acls
+# understand the concepts: https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/
 policy:
   # The mode can be "file" or "database" that defines
   # where the ACL policies are stored and read from.
@@ -297,9 +251,9 @@ policy:
 # headscale supports Tailscale's DNS configuration and MagicDNS.
 # Please have a look to their KB to better understand the concepts:
 #
-# - https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/acls
-# - https://tailscale.com/docs/features/magicdns
-# - https://tailscale.com/blog/2021-09-private-dns-with-magicdns
+# - https://tailscale.com/kb/1054/dns/
+# - https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns/
+# - https://tailscale.com/blog/2021-09-private-dns-with-magicdns/
 #
 # Please note that for the DNS configuration to have any effect,
 # clients must have the `--accept-dns=true` option enabled. This is the
@@ -309,12 +263,12 @@ policy:
 # Setting _any_ of the configuration and `--accept-dns=true` on the
 # clients will integrate with the DNS manager on the client or
 # overwrite /etc/resolv.conf.
-# https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/faq/dns-resolv-conf
+# https://tailscale.com/kb/1235/resolv-conf
 #
 # If you want stop Headscale from managing the DNS configuration
 # all the fields under `dns` should be set to empty values.
 dns:
-  # Whether to use [MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/magicdns).
+  # Whether to use [MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns/).
   magic_dns: true
 
   # Defines the base domain to create the hostnames for MagicDNS.
@@ -336,11 +290,11 @@ dns:
       - 2606:4700:4700::1111
       - 2606:4700:4700::1001
 
-      # NextDNS (see https://tailscale.com/docs/integrations/nextdns).
+      # NextDNS (see https://tailscale.com/kb/1218/nextdns/).
       # "abc123" is example NextDNS ID, replace with yours.
       # - https://dns.nextdns.io/abc123
 
-    # Split DNS (see https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/dns-in-tailscale#restricted-nameservers),
+    # Split DNS (see https://tailscale.com/kb/1054/dns/),
     # a map of domains and which DNS server to use for each.
     split: {}
       # foo.bar.com:
@@ -392,11 +346,15 @@ unix_socket_permission: "0770"
 #   # `LoadCredential` straightforward:
 #   client_secret_path: "${CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY}/oidc_client_secret"
 #
+#   # The amount of time a node is authenticated with OpenID until it expires
+#   # and needs to reauthenticate.
+#   # Setting the value to "0" will mean no expiry.
+#   expiry: 180d
+#
 #   # Use the expiry from the token received from OpenID when the user logged
 #   # in. This will typically lead to frequent need to reauthenticate and should
 #   # only be enabled if you know what you are doing.
-#   # Note: enabling this will cause `node.expiry` to be ignored for
-#   # OIDC-authenticated nodes.
+#   # Note: enabling this will cause `oidc.expiry` to be ignored.
 #   use_expiry_from_token: false
 #
 #   # The OIDC scopes to use, defaults to "openid", "profile" and "email".
@@ -445,7 +403,7 @@ unix_socket_permission: "0770"
 # Logtail is Tailscales logging and auditing infrastructure, it allows the
 # control panel to instruct tailscale nodes to log their activity to a remote
 # server. To disable logging on the client side, please refer to:
-# https://tailscale.com/docs/features/logging#opt-out-of-client-logging
+# https://tailscale.com/kb/1011/log-mesh-traffic#opting-out-of-client-logging
 logtail:
   # Enable logtail for tailscale nodes of this Headscale instance.
   # As there is currently no support for overriding the log server in Headscale, this is
@@ -454,12 +412,12 @@ logtail:
 
 # Enabling this option makes devices prefer a random port for WireGuard traffic over the
 # default static port 41641. This option is intended as a workaround for some buggy
-# firewall devices. See https://tailscale.com/docs/integrations/firewalls for more information.
+# firewall devices. See https://tailscale.com/kb/1181/firewalls/ for more information.
 randomize_client_port: false
 
 # Taildrop configuration
 # Taildrop is the file sharing feature of Tailscale, allowing nodes to send files to each other.
-# https://tailscale.com/docs/features/taildrop
+# https://tailscale.com/kb/1106/taildrop/
 taildrop:
   # Enable or disable Taildrop for all nodes.
   # When enabled, nodes can send files to other nodes owned by the same user.
@@ -470,11 +428,6 @@ taildrop:
 # Only modify these if you have identified a specific performance issue.
 #
 # tuning:
-#   # Maximum number of pending registration entries in the auth cache.
-#   # Oldest entries are evicted when the cap is reached.
-#   #
-#   # register_cache_max_entries: 1024
-#
 #   # NodeStore write batching configuration.
 #   # The NodeStore batches write operations before rebuilding peer relationships,
 #   # which is computationally expensive. Batching reduces rebuild frequency.

derp-example.yaml

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-# If you plan to somehow use headscale, please deploy your own DERP infra.
-# See: https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/derp-servers/custom-derp-servers
+# If you plan to somehow use headscale, please deploy your own DERP infra: https://tailscale.com/kb/1118/custom-derp-servers/
 regions:
   1: null # Disable DERP region with ID 1
   900:

docs/about/contributing.md

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {%
-include-markdown "../../CONTRIBUTING.md"
+    include-markdown "../../CONTRIBUTING.md"
 %}

docs/about/faq.md

@@ -24,12 +24,9 @@ We are more than happy to exchange emails, or to have dedicated calls before a P
 
 ## When/Why is Feature X going to be implemented?
 
-We use [GitHub Milestones to plan for upcoming Headscale releases](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/milestones).
-Have a look at [our current plan](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/milestones) to get an idea when a specific
-feature is about to be implemented. The release plan is subject to change at any time.
+We don't know. We might be working on it. If you're interested in contributing, please post a feature request about it.
 
-If you're interested in contributing, please post a feature request about it. Please be aware that there are a number of
-reasons why we might not accept specific contributions:
+Please be aware that there are a number of reasons why we might not accept specific contributions:
 
 - It is not possible to implement the feature in a way that makes sense in a self-hosted environment.
 - Given that we are reverse-engineering Tailscale to satisfy our own curiosity, we might be interested in implementing the feature ourselves.
@@ -50,8 +47,8 @@ we have a "docker-issues" channel where you can ask for Docker-specific help to
 ## What is the recommended update path? Can I skip multiple versions while updating?
 
 Please follow the steps outlined in the [upgrade guide](../setup/upgrade.md) to update your existing Headscale
-installation. Its required to update from one stable version to the next (e.g. 0.26.0 → 0.27.1 → 0.28.0) without
-skipping minor versions in between. You should always pick the latest available patch release.
+installation. Its best to update from one stable version to the next (e.g. 0.24.0 → 0.25.1 → 0.26.1) in case
+you are multiple releases behind. You should always pick the latest available patch release.
 
 Be sure to check the [changelog](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md) for version specific
 upgrade instructions and breaking changes.
@@ -73,12 +70,12 @@ of Headscale:
 
 1. An environment with 1000 servers
 
-    - they rarely "move" (change their endpoints)
-    - new nodes are added rarely
+   - they rarely "move" (change their endpoints)
+   - new nodes are added rarely
 
-1. An environment with 80 laptops/phones (end user devices)
+2. An environment with 80 laptops/phones (end user devices)
 
-    - nodes move often, e.g. switching from home to office
+   - nodes move often, e.g. switching from home to office
 
 Headscale calculates a map of all nodes that need to talk to each other,
 creating this "world map" requires a lot of CPU time. When an event that
@@ -142,10 +139,10 @@ connect back to the administrator's node. Why do all nodes see the administrator
 `tailscale status`?
 
 This is essentially how Tailscale works. If traffic is allowed to flow in one direction, then both nodes see each other
-in their output of `tailscale status`. Traffic is still filtered according to the ACL, with the exception of
-`tailscale ping` which is always allowed in either direction.
+in their output of `tailscale status`. Traffic is still filtered according to the ACL, with the exception of `tailscale
+ping` which is always allowed in either direction.
 
-See also <https://tailscale.com/docs/concepts/device-visibility>.
+See also <https://tailscale.com/kb/1087/device-visibility>.
 
 ## My policy is stored in the database and Headscale refuses to start due to an invalid policy. How can I recover?
 
@@ -160,46 +157,13 @@ indicates which part of the policy is invalid. Follow these steps to fix your po
 !!! warning "Full server configuration required"
 
     The above commands to get/set the policy require a complete server configuration file including database settings. A
-    minimal config to [control Headscale via remote CLI](../ref/api.md#grpc) is not sufficient. You may use
-    `headscale -c /path/to/config.yaml` to specify the path to an alternative configuration file.
-
-## How can I migrate back to the recommended IP prefixes?
-
-Tailscale only supports the IP prefixes `100.64.0.0/10` and `fd7a:115c:a1e0::/48` or smaller subnets thereof. The
-following steps can be used to migrate from unsupported IP prefixes back to the supported and recommended ones.
-
-!!! warning "Backup and test in a demo environment required"
-
-    The commands below update the IP addresses of all nodes in your tailnet and this might have a severe impact in your
-    specific environment. At a minimum:
-
-    - [Create a backup of your database](../setup/upgrade.md#backup)
-    - Test the commands below in a representive demo environment. This allows to catch subsequent connectivity errors
-      early and see how the tailnet behaves in your specific environment.
-
-- Stop Headscale
-- Restore the default prefixes in the [configuration file](../ref/configuration.md):
-    ```yaml
-    prefixes:
-      v4: 100.64.0.0/10
-      v6: fd7a:115c:a1e0::/48
-    ```
-- Update the `nodes.ipv4` and `nodes.ipv6` columns in the database and assign each node a unique IPv4 and IPv6 address.
-  The following SQL statement assigns IP addresses based on the node ID:
-    ```sql
-    UPDATE nodes
-    SET ipv4=concat('100.64.', id/256, '.', id%256),
-        ipv6=concat('fd7a:115c:a1e0::', format('%x', id));
-    ```
-- Update the [policy](../ref/acls.md) to reflect the IP address changes (if any)
-- Start Headscale
-
-Nodes should reconnect within a few seconds and pickup their newly assigned IP addresses.
+    minimal config to [control Headscale via remote CLI](../ref/api.md#grpc) is not sufficient. You may use `headscale
+    -c /path/to/config.yaml` to specify the path to an alternative configuration file.
 
 ## How can I avoid to send logs to Tailscale Inc?
 
 A Tailscale client [collects logs about its operation and connection attempts with other
-clients](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/logging#client-logs) and sends them to a central log service operated by
+clients](https://tailscale.com/kb/1011/log-mesh-traffic#client-logs) and sends them to a central log service operated by
 Tailscale Inc.
 
 Headscale, by default, instructs clients to disable log submission to the central log service. This configuration is
@@ -209,5 +173,5 @@ applied by a client once it successfully connected with Headscale. See the confi
 Alternatively, logging can also be disabled on the client side. This is independent of Headscale and opting out of
 client logging disables log submission early during client startup. The configuration is operating system specific and
 is usually achieved by setting the environment variable `TS_NO_LOGS_NO_SUPPORT=true` or by passing the flag
-`--no-logs-no-support` to `tailscaled`. See <https://tailscale.com/docs/features/logging#opt-out-of-client-logging> for
-details.
+`--no-logs-no-support` to `tailscaled`. See
+<https://tailscale.com/kb/1011/log-mesh-traffic#opting-out-of-client-logging> for details.

docs/about/features.md

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ provides on overview of Headscale's feature and compatibility with the Tailscale
     - [x] [Web authentication](../ref/registration.md#web-authentication)
     - [x] [Pre authenticated key](../ref/registration.md#pre-authenticated-key)
 - [x] [DNS](../ref/dns.md)
-    - [x] [MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/magicdns)
-    - [x] [Global and restricted nameservers (split DNS)](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/dns-in-tailscale#nameservers)
-    - [x] [search domains](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/dns-in-tailscale#search-domains)
+    - [x] [MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns)
+    - [x] [Global and restricted nameservers (split DNS)](https://tailscale.com/kb/1054/dns#nameservers)
+    - [x] [search domains](https://tailscale.com/kb/1054/dns#search-domains)
     - [x] [Extra DNS records (Headscale only)](../ref/dns.md#setting-extra-dns-records)
-- [x] [Taildrop (File Sharing)](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/taildrop)
+- [x] [Taildrop (File Sharing)](https://tailscale.com/kb/1106/taildrop)
 - [x] [Tags](../ref/tags.md)
 - [x] [Routes](../ref/routes.md)
     - [x] [Subnet routers](../ref/routes.md#subnet-router)
@@ -23,17 +23,16 @@ provides on overview of Headscale's feature and compatibility with the Tailscale
 - [x] Embedded [DERP server](../ref/derp.md)
 - [x] Access control lists ([GitHub label "policy"](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/labels/policy%20%F0%9F%93%9D))
     - [x] ACL management via API
-    - [x] Some [Autogroups](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/targets-and-selectors#autogroups), currently:
-      `autogroup:internet`, `autogroup:nonroot`, `autogroup:member`, `autogroup:tagged`, `autogroup:self`,
-      `autogroup:danger-all`
-    - [x] [Auto approvers](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#auto-approvers) for [subnet
+    - [x] Some [Autogroups](https://tailscale.com/kb/1396/targets#autogroups), currently: `autogroup:internet`,
+      `autogroup:nonroot`, `autogroup:member`, `autogroup:tagged`, `autogroup:self`
+    - [x] [Auto approvers](https://tailscale.com/kb/1337/acl-syntax#auto-approvers) for [subnet
       routers](../ref/routes.md#automatically-approve-routes-of-a-subnet-router) and [exit
       nodes](../ref/routes.md#automatically-approve-an-exit-node-with-auto-approvers)
-    - [x] [Tailscale SSH](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-ssh)
-- [x] [Node registration using Single-Sign-On (OpenID Connect)](../ref/oidc.md) ([GitHub label "OIDC"](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/labels/OIDC))
+    - [x] [Tailscale SSH](https://tailscale.com/kb/1193/tailscale-ssh)
+* [x] [Node registration using Single-Sign-On (OpenID Connect)](../ref/oidc.md) ([GitHub label "OIDC"](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/labels/OIDC))
     - [x] Basic registration
     - [x] Update user profile from identity provider
     - [ ] OIDC groups cannot be used in ACLs
-- [ ] [Funnel](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-funnel) ([#1040](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1040))
-- [ ] [Serve](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-serve) ([#1234](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1921))
-- [ ] [Network flow logs](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/logging/network-flow-logs) ([#1687](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1687))
+- [ ] [Funnel](https://tailscale.com/kb/1223/funnel) ([#1040](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1040))
+- [ ] [Serve](https://tailscale.com/kb/1312/serve) ([#1234](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1921))
+- [ ] [Network flow logs](https://tailscale.com/kb/1219/network-flow-logs) ([#1687](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/1687))

docs/ref/acls.md

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ Headscale implements the same policy ACLs as Tailscale.com, adapted to the self-
 For instance, instead of referring to users when defining groups you must
 use users (which are the equivalent to user/logins in Tailscale.com).
 
-Please check [manage permissions using ACLs](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/acls) for further
-information.
+Please check https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/ for further information.
 
 When using ACL's the User borders are no longer applied. All machines
 whichever the User have the ability to communicate with other hosts as
@@ -16,8 +15,8 @@ To enable and configure ACLs in Headscale, you need to specify the path to your
 
 Your ACL policy file must be formatted using [huJSON](https://github.com/tailscale/hujson).
 
-Info on how these policies are written can be found in [Tailscale's ACL
-documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/access-control/acls).
+Info on how these policies are written can be found
+[here](https://tailscale.com/kb/1018/acls/).
 
 Please reload or restart Headscale after updating the ACL file. Headscale may be reloaded either via its systemd service
 (`sudo systemctl reload headscale`) or by sending a SIGHUP signal (`sudo kill -HUP $(pidof headscale)`) to the main
@@ -25,13 +24,13 @@ process. Headscale logs the result of ACL policy processing after each reload.
 
 ## Simple Examples
 
-- [**Allow All**](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/examples/acls#allow-all-default-acl): If you define an ACL file but completely omit the `"acls"` field from its content, Headscale will default to an "allow all" policy. This means all devices connected to your tailnet will be able to communicate freely with each other.
+- [**Allow All**](https://tailscale.com/kb/1192/acl-samples#allow-all-default-acl): If you define an ACL file but completely omit the `"acls"` field from its content, Headscale will default to an "allow all" policy. This means all devices connected to your tailnet will be able to communicate freely with each other.
 
     ```json
     {}
     ```
 
-- [**Deny All**](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/examples/acls#deny-all): To prevent all communication within your tailnet, you can include an empty array for the `"acls"` field in your policy file.
+- [**Deny All**](https://tailscale.com/kb/1192/acl-samples#deny-all): To prevent all communication within your tailnet, you can include an empty array for the `"acls"` field in your policy file.
 
     ```json
     {
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ Here are the ACL's to implement the same permissions as above:
     "group:intern": ["intern1@"]
   },
   // tagOwners in tailscale is an association between a TAG and the people allowed to set this TAG on a server.
-  // This is documented [here](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tags)
+  // This is documented [here](https://tailscale.com/kb/1068/acl-tags#defining-a-tag)
   // and explained [here](https://tailscale.com/blog/rbac-like-it-was-meant-to-be/)
   "tagOwners": {
     // the administrators can add servers in production
@@ -246,6 +245,7 @@ Includes all devices that [have at least one tag](registration.md/#identity-mode
 ```
 
 ### `autogroup:self`
+**(EXPERIMENTAL)**
 
 !!! warning "The current implementation of `autogroup:self` is inefficient"
 
@@ -258,11 +258,9 @@ Includes devices where the same user is authenticated on both the source and des
   "dst": ["autogroup:self:*"]
 }
 ```
-
 *Using `autogroup:self` may cause performance degradation on the Headscale coordinator server in large deployments, as filter rules must be compiled per-node rather than globally and the current implementation is not very efficient.*
 
 If you experience performance issues, consider using more specific ACL rules or limiting the use of `autogroup:self`.
-
 ```json
 {
   // The following rules allow internal users to communicate with their
@@ -287,9 +285,3 @@ Used in Tailscale SSH rules to allow access to any user except root. Can only be
   "users": ["autogroup:nonroot"]
 }
 ```
-
-### `autogroup:danger-all`
-
-This autogroup resolves to all IP addresses (`0.0.0.0/0` and `::/0`) which also includes all IP addresses outside the
-standard Tailscale IP ranges. [This autogroup can only be used as
-source](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/targets-and-selectors#autogroupdanger-all).

docs/ref/api.md

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # API
-
 Headscale provides a [HTTP REST API](#rest-api) and a [gRPC interface](#grpc) which may be used to integrate a [web
 interface](integration/web-ui.md), [remote control Headscale](#setup-remote-control) or provide a base for custom
 integration and tooling.
@@ -31,7 +30,8 @@ headscale apikeys expire --prefix <PREFIX>
 - API endpoint: `/api/v1`, e.g. `https://headscale.example.com/api/v1`
 - Documentation: `/swagger`, e.g. `https://headscale.example.com/swagger`
 - Headscale Version: `/version`, e.g. `https://headscale.example.com/version`
-- Authenticate using HTTP Bearer authentication by sending the [API key](#api) with the HTTP `Authorization: Bearer <API_KEY>` header.
+- Authenticate using HTTP Bearer authentication by sending the [API key](#api) with the HTTP `Authorization: Bearer
+  <API_KEY>` header.
 
 Start by [creating an API key](#api) and test it with the examples below. Read the API documentation provided by your
 Headscale server at `/swagger` for details.
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ Headscale server at `/swagger` for details.
 
     ```console
     curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <API_KEY>" \
-        --json '{"user": "<USER>", "authId": "AUTH_ID>"}' \
-        https://headscale.example.com/api/v1/auth/register
+        -d user=<USER> -d key=<REGISTRATION_KEY> \
+        https://headscale.example.com/api/v1/node/register
     ```
 
 ## gRPC
@@ -72,17 +72,17 @@ The gRPC interface can be used to control a Headscale instance from a remote mac
 
 ### Setup remote control
 
-1. Download the [`headscale` binary from GitHub's release page](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases). Make
-   sure to use the same version as on the server.
+1.  Download the [`headscale` binary from GitHub's release page](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases). Make
+    sure to use the same version as on the server.
 
-1. Put the binary somewhere in your `PATH`, e.g. `/usr/local/bin/headscale`
+1.  Put the binary somewhere in your `PATH`, e.g. `/usr/local/bin/headscale`
 
-1. Make `headscale` executable: `chmod +x /usr/local/bin/headscale`
+1.  Make `headscale` executable: `chmod +x /usr/local/bin/headscale`
 
-1. [Create an API key](#api) on the Headscale server.
+1.  [Create an API key](#api) on the Headscale server.
 
-1. Provide the connection parameters for the remote Headscale server either via a minimal YAML configuration file or
-   via environment variables:
+1.  Provide the connection parameters for the remote Headscale server either via a minimal YAML configuration file or
+    via environment variables:
 
     === "Minimal YAML configuration file"
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ The gRPC interface can be used to control a Headscale instance from a remote mac
     This instructs the `headscale` binary to connect to a remote instance at `<HEADSCALE_ADDRESS>:<PORT>`, instead of
     connecting to the local instance.
 
-1. Test the connection by listing all nodes:
+1.  Test the connection by listing all nodes:
 
     ```shell
     headscale nodes list

docs/ref/configuration.md

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 
     === "View on GitHub"
 
-        - Development version: <https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/main/config-example.yaml>
-        - Version {{ headscale.version }}: https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/v{{ headscale.version }}/config-example.yaml
+        * Development version: <https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/main/config-example.yaml>
+        * Version {{ headscale.version }}: <https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/v{{ headscale.version }}/config-example.yaml>
 
     === "Download with `wget`"
 

docs/ref/debug.md

@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@
 Headscale and Tailscale provide debug and introspection capabilities that can be helpful when things don't work as
 expected. This page explains some debugging techniques to help pinpoint problems.
 
-Please also have a look at [Tailscale's Troubleshooting guide](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/troubleshooting). It
-offers a many tips and suggestions to troubleshoot common issues.
+Please also have a look at [Tailscale's Troubleshooting guide](https://tailscale.com/kb/1023/troubleshooting). It offers
+a many tips and suggestions to troubleshoot common issues.
 
 ## Tailscale
 
 The Tailscale client itself offers many commands to introspect its state as well as the state of the network:
 
-- [Check local network conditions](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/tailscale-cli#netcheck): `tailscale netcheck`
-- [Get the client status](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/tailscale-cli#status): `tailscale status --json`
-- [Get DNS status](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/tailscale-cli#dns): `tailscale dns status --all`
+- [Check local network conditions](https://tailscale.com/kb/1080/cli#netcheck): `tailscale netcheck`
+- [Get the client status](https://tailscale.com/kb/1080/cli#status): `tailscale status --json`
+- [Get DNS status](https://tailscale.com/kb/1080/cli#dns): `tailscale dns status --all`
 - Client logs: `tailscale debug daemon-logs`
 - Client netmap: `tailscale debug netmap`
 - Test DERP connection: `tailscale debug derp headscale`

docs/ref/derp.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # DERP
 
-A [DERP (Designated Encrypted Relay for Packets) server](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/derp-servers) is mainly
-used to relay traffic between two nodes in case a direct connection can't be established. Headscale provides an embedded
-DERP server to ensure seamless connectivity between nodes.
+A [DERP (Designated Encrypted Relay for Packets) server](https://tailscale.com/kb/1232/derp-servers) is mainly used to
+relay traffic between two nodes in case a direct connection can't be established. Headscale provides an embedded DERP
+server to ensure seamless connectivity between nodes.
 
 ## Configuration
 
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ traversal. [Check DERP server connectivity](#check-derp-server-connectivity) to
 ### Remove Tailscale's DERP servers
 
 Once enabled, Headscale's embedded DERP is added to the list of free-to-use [DERP
-servers](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/derp-servers) offered by Tailscale Inc. To only use Headscale's embedded
-DERP server, disable the loading of the default DERP map:
+servers](https://tailscale.com/kb/1232/derp-servers) offered by Tailscale Inc. To only use Headscale's embedded DERP
+server, disable the loading of the default DERP map:
 
 ```yaml title="config.yaml" hl_lines="6"
 derp:
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ maps fetched via URL or to offer your own, custom DERP servers to nodes.
 
 === "Remove specific DERP regions"
 
-    The free-to-use [DERP servers](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/derp-servers) are organized into regions via a
-    region ID. You can explicitly disable a specific region by setting its region ID to `null`. The following sample
+    The free-to-use [DERP servers](https://tailscale.com/kb/1232/derp-servers) are organized into regions via a region
+    ID. You can explicitly disable a specific region by setting its region ID to `null`. The following sample
     `derp.yaml` disables the New York DERP region (which has the region ID 1):
 
-    ```yaml title="derp.yaml"
-    regions:
-      1: null
-    ```
+     ```yaml title="derp.yaml"
+     regions:
+       1: null
+     ```
 
     Use the following configuration to serve the default DERP map (excluding New York) to nodes:
 
@@ -165,10 +165,11 @@ Any Tailscale client may be used to introspect the DERP map and to check for con
 Additional DERP related metrics and information is available via the [metrics and debug
 endpoint](./debug.md#metrics-and-debug-endpoint).
 
+[^1]:
+    This assumes that the default region code of the [configuration file](./configuration.md) is used.
+
 ## Limitations
 
 - The embedded DERP server can't be used for Tailscale's captive portal checks as it doesn't support the `/generate_204`
   endpoint via HTTP on port tcp/80.
 - There are no speed or throughput optimisations, the main purpose is to assist in node connectivity.
-
-[^1]: This assumes that the default region code of the [configuration file](./configuration.md) is used.

docs/ref/dns.md

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ within the `dns` section of the [configuration file](./configuration.md).
 ## Setting extra DNS records
 
 Headscale allows to set extra DNS records which are made available via
-[MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/magicdns). Extra DNS records can be configured either via static entries
-in the [configuration file](./configuration.md) or from a JSON file that Headscale continuously watches for changes:
+[MagicDNS](https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns). Extra DNS records can be configured either via static entries in the
+[configuration file](./configuration.md) or from a JSON file that Headscale continuously watches for changes:
 
 - Use the `dns.extra_records` option in the [configuration file](./configuration.md) for entries that are static and
   don't change while Headscale is running. Those entries are processed when Headscale is starting up and changes to the
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ hostname and port combination "http://hostname-in-magic-dns.myvpn.example.com:30
 
     Currently, [only A and AAAA records are processed by Tailscale](https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/blob/v1.86.5/ipn/ipnlocal/node_backend.go#L662).
 
-1. Configure extra DNS records using one of the available configuration options:
+1.  Configure extra DNS records using one of the available configuration options:
 
     === "Static entries, via `dns.extra_records`"
 
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ hostname and port combination "http://hostname-in-magic-dns.myvpn.example.com:30
 
         !!! tip "Good to know"
 
-            - The `dns.extra_records_path` option in the [configuration file](./configuration.md) needs to reference the
+            * The `dns.extra_records_path` option in the [configuration file](./configuration.md) needs to reference the
               JSON file containing extra DNS records.
-            - Be sure to "sort keys" and produce a stable output in case you generate the JSON file with a script.
+            * Be sure to "sort keys" and produce a stable output in case you generate the JSON file with a script.
               Headscale uses a checksum to detect changes to the file and a stable output avoids unnecessary processing.
 
-1. Verify that DNS records are properly set using the DNS querying tool of your choice:
+1.  Verify that DNS records are properly set using the DNS querying tool of your choice:
 
     === "Query with dig"
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ hostname and port combination "http://hostname-in-magic-dns.myvpn.example.com:30
         100.64.0.3
         ```
 
-1. Optional: Setup the reverse proxy
+1.  Optional: Setup the reverse proxy
 
     The motivating example here was to be able to access internal monitoring services on the same host without
     specifying a port, depicted as NGINX configuration snippet:

docs/ref/integration/web-ui.md

@@ -20,8 +20,5 @@ Headscale doesn't provide a built-in web interface but users may pick one from t
 - [headscale-console](https://github.com/rickli-cloud/headscale-console) - WebAssembly-based client supporting SSH, VNC
   and RDP with optional self-service capabilities
 - [headscale-piying](https://github.com/wszgrcy/headscale-piying) - headscale web ui,support visual ACL configuration
-- [HeadControl](https://github.com/ahmadzip/HeadControl) - Minimal Headscale admin dashboard, built with Go and HTMX
-- [Headscale Manager](https://github.com/hkdone/headscalemanager) - Headscale UI for Android
-- [Headscale UI](https://github.com/MunMunMiao/headscale-ui) - Headscale UI online and Self-hosting
 
 You can ask for support on our [Discord server](https://discord.gg/c84AZQhmpx) in the "web-interfaces" channel.

docs/ref/oidc.md

@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ A basic configuration connects Headscale to an identity provider and typically r
 
 === "Identity provider"
 
-    - Create a new confidential client (`Client ID`, `Client secret`)
-    - Add Headscale's OIDC callback URL as valid redirect URL: `https://headscale.example.com/oidc/callback`
-    - Configure additional parameters to improve user experience such as: name, description, logo, …
+    * Create a new confidential client (`Client ID`, `Client secret`)
+    * Add Headscale's OIDC callback URL as valid redirect URL: `https://headscale.example.com/oidc/callback`
+    * Configure additional parameters to improve user experience such as: name, description, logo, …
 
 ### Enable PKCE (recommended)
 
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ recommended and needs to be configured for Headscale and the identity provider a
 
 === "Identity provider"
 
-    - Enable PKCE for the headscale client
-    - Set the PKCE challenge method to "S256"
+    * Enable PKCE for the headscale client
+    * Set the PKCE challenge method to "S256"
 
 ### Authorize users with filters
 
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ are configured, a user needs to pass all of them.
 
 === "Allowed domains"
 
-    - Check the email domain of each authenticating user against the list of allowed domains and only authorize users
+    * Check the email domain of each authenticating user against the list of allowed domains and only authorize users
       whose email domain matches `example.com`.
-    - A verified email address is required [unless email verification is disabled](#control-email-verification).
-    - Access allowed: `alice@example.com`
-    - Access denied: `bob@example.net`
+    * A verified email address is required [unless email verification is disabled](#control-email-verification).
+    * Access allowed: `alice@example.com`
+    * Access denied: `bob@example.net`
 
     ```yaml hl_lines="5-6"
     oidc:
@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ are configured, a user needs to pass all of them.
 
 === "Allowed users/emails"
 
-    - Check the email address of each authenticating user against the list of allowed email addresses and only authorize
+    * Check the email address of each authenticating user against the list of allowed email addresses and only authorize
       users whose email is part of the `allowed_users` list.
-    - A verified email address is required [unless email verification is disabled](#control-email-verification).
-    - Access allowed: `alice@example.com`, `bob@example.net`
-    - Access denied: `mallory@example.net`
+    * A verified email address is required [unless email verification is disabled](#control-email-verification).
+    * Access allowed: `alice@example.com`, `bob@example.net`
+    * Access denied: `mallory@example.net`
 
     ```yaml hl_lines="5-7"
     oidc:
@@ -110,10 +110,10 @@ are configured, a user needs to pass all of them.
 
 === "Allowed groups"
 
-    - Use the OIDC `groups` claim of each authenticating user to get their group membership and only authorize users
+    * Use the OIDC `groups` claim of each authenticating user to get their group membership and only authorize users
       which are members in at least one of the referenced groups.
-    - Access allowed: users in the `headscale_users` group
-    - Access denied: users without groups, users with other groups
+    * Access allowed: users in the `headscale_users` group
+    * Access denied: users without groups, users with other groups
 
     ```yaml hl_lines="5-7"
     oidc:
@@ -145,12 +145,16 @@ oidc:
 ### Customize node expiration
 
 The node expiration is the amount of time a node is authenticated with OpenID Connect until it expires and needs to
-reauthenticate. The default node expiration can be configured via the top-level `node.expiry` setting.
+reauthenticate. The default node expiration is 180 days. This can either be customized or set to the expiration from the
+Access Token.
 
 === "Customize node expiration"
 
-    ```yaml hl_lines="2"
-    node:
+    ```yaml hl_lines="5"
+    oidc:
+      issuer: "https://sso.example.com"
+      client_id: "headscale"
+      client_secret: "generated-secret"
       expiry: 30d   # Use 0 to disable node expiration
     ```
 
@@ -159,6 +163,7 @@ reauthenticate. The default node expiration can be configured via the top-level
     Please keep in mind that the Access Token is typically a short-lived token that expires within a few minutes. You
     will have to configure token expiration in your identity provider to avoid frequent re-authentication.
 
+
     ```yaml hl_lines="5"
     oidc:
       issuer: "https://sso.example.com"
@@ -170,7 +175,6 @@ reauthenticate. The default node expiration can be configured via the top-level
 !!! tip "Expire a node and force re-authentication"
 
     A node can be expired immediately via:
-
     ```console
     headscale node expire -i <NODE_ID>
     ```
@@ -181,16 +185,13 @@ You may refer to users in the Headscale policy via:
 
 - Email address
 - Username
-- Provider identifier (this value is currently only available from the [API](api.md), database or directly from your
-  identity provider)
+- Provider identifier (only available in the database or from your identity provider)
 
 !!! note "A user identifier in the policy must contain a single `@`"
 
     The Headscale policy requires a single `@` to reference a user. If the username or provider identifier doesn't
-    already contain a single `@`, it needs to be appended at the end. For example: the Headscale username `ssmith` has
-    to be written as `ssmith@` to be correctly identified as user within the policy.
-
-    Ensure that the Headscale username itself does not end with `@`.
+    already contain a single `@`, it needs to be appended at the end. For example: the username `ssmith` has to be
+    written as `ssmith@` to be correctly identified as user within the policy.
 
 !!! warning "Email address or username might be updated by users"
 
@@ -199,34 +200,6 @@ You may refer to users in the Headscale policy via:
     consequences for Headscale where a policy might no longer work or a user might obtain more access by hijacking an
     existing username or email address.
 
-!!! tip "Howto use the provider identifier in the policy"
-
-    The provider identifier uniquely identifies an OIDC user and a well-behaving identity provider guarantees that this
-    value never changes for a particular user. It is usually an opaque and long string and its value is currently only
-    available from the [API](api.md), database or directly from your identity provider).
-
-    Use the [API](api.md) with the `/api/v1/user` endpoint to fetch the provider identifier (`providerId`). The value
-    (be sure to append an `@` in case the provider identifier doesn't already contain an `@` somewhere) can be used
-    directly to reference a user in the policy. To improve readability of the policy, one may use the `groups` section
-    as an alias:
-
-    ```json
-    {
-      "groups": {
-        "group:alice": [
-          "https://soo.example.com/oauth2/openid/59ac9125-c31b-46c5-814e-06242908cf57@"
-        ]
-      },
-      "acls": [
-        {
-          "action": "accept",
-          "src": ["group:alice"],
-          "dst": ["*:*"]
-        }
-      ]
-    }
-    ```
-
 ## Supported OIDC claims
 
 Headscale uses [the standard OIDC claims](https://openid.net/specs/openid-connect-core-1_0.html#StandardClaims) to
@@ -279,7 +252,6 @@ Authelia is fully supported by Headscale.
 - Authentik is fully supported by Headscale.
 - [Headscale does not support JSON Web Encryption](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2446). Leave the field
   `Encryption Key` in the providers section unset.
-- See Authentik's [Integrate with Headscale](https://integrations.goauthentik.io/networking/headscale/)
 
 ### Google OAuth
 
@@ -301,30 +273,22 @@ Console.
 #### Steps
 
 1. Go to [Google Console](https://console.cloud.google.com) and login or create an account if you don't have one.
-1. Create a project (if you don't already have one).
-1. On the left hand menu, go to `APIs and services` -> `Credentials`
-1. Click `Create Credentials` -> `OAuth client ID`
-1. Under `Application Type`, choose `Web Application`
-1. For `Name`, enter whatever you like
-1. Under `Authorised redirect URIs`, add Headscale's OIDC callback URL: `https://headscale.example.com/oidc/callback`
-1. Click `Save` at the bottom of the form
-1. Take note of the `Client ID` and `Client secret`, you can also download it for reference if you need it.
-1. [Configure Headscale following the "Basic configuration" steps](#basic-configuration). The issuer URL for Google
-   OAuth is: `https://accounts.google.com`.
+2. Create a project (if you don't already have one).
+3. On the left hand menu, go to `APIs and services` -> `Credentials`
+4. Click `Create Credentials` -> `OAuth client ID`
+5. Under `Application Type`, choose `Web Application`
+6. For `Name`, enter whatever you like
+7. Under `Authorised redirect URIs`, add Headscale's OIDC callback URL: `https://headscale.example.com/oidc/callback`
+8. Click `Save` at the bottom of the form
+9. Take note of the `Client ID` and `Client secret`, you can also download it for reference if you need it.
+10. [Configure Headscale following the "Basic configuration" steps](#basic-configuration). The issuer URL for Google
+    OAuth is: `https://accounts.google.com`.
 
 ### Kanidm
 
 - Kanidm is fully supported by Headscale.
 - Groups for the [allowed groups filter](#authorize-users-with-filters) need to be specified with their full SPN, for
   example: `headscale_users@sso.example.com`.
-- Kanidm sends the full SPN (`alice@sso.example.com`) as `preferred_username` by default. Headscale stores this value as
-  username which might be confusing as the username and email fields now contain values that look like an email address.
-  [Kanidm can be configured to send the short username as `preferred_username` attribute
-  instead](https://kanidm.github.io/kanidm/stable/integrations/oauth2.html#short-names):
-    ```console
-    kanidm system oauth2 prefer-short-username <client name>
-    ```
-    Once configured, the short username in Headscale will be `alice` and can be referred to as `alice@` in the policy.
 
 ### Keycloak
 
@@ -368,9 +332,3 @@ oidc:
 
 Groups for the [allowed groups filter](#authorize-users-with-filters) need to be specified with their group ID(UUID) instead
 of the group name.
-
-## Switching OIDC providers
-
-Headscale only supports a single OIDC provider in its configuration, but it does store the provider identifier of each user. When switching providers, this might lead to issues with existing users: all user details (name, email, groups) might be identical with the new provider, but the identifier will differ. Headscale will be unable to create a new user as the name and email will already be in use for the existing users.
-
-At this time, you will need to manually update the `provider_identifier` column in the `users` table for each user with the appropriate value for the new provider. The identifier is built from the `iss` and `sub` claims of the OIDC ID token, for example `https://id.example.com/12340987`.

docs/ref/registration.md

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ Tailscale's identity model distinguishes between personal and tagged nodes:
   workstations or mobile phones. End-user devices are managed by a single user.
 - A tagged node (or service-based node or non-human node) provides services to the network. Common examples include web-
   and database servers. Those nodes are typically managed by a team of users. Some additional restrictions apply for
-  tagged nodes, e.g. a tagged node is not allowed to [Tailscale SSH](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tailscale-ssh)
-  into a personal node.
+  tagged nodes, e.g. a tagged node is not allowed to [Tailscale SSH](https://tailscale.com/kb/1193/tailscale-ssh) into a
+  personal node.
 
 Headscale implements Tailscale's identity model and distinguishes between personal and tagged nodes where a personal
 node is owned by a Headscale user and a tagged node is owned by a tag. Tagged devices are grouped under the special user
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ node can be approved with:
 - [Headscale API](api.md)
 - Or delegated to an identity provider via [OpenID Connect](oidc.md)
 
-Web authentication relies on the presence of a Headscale user. Use the `headscale users` command to create a new
-user[^1]:
+Web authentication relies on the presence of a Headscale user. Use the `headscale users` command to create a new user:
 
 ```console
 headscale users create <USER>
@@ -49,10 +48,10 @@ headscale users create <USER>
     ```
 
     Usually, a browser window with further instructions is opened. This page explains how to complete the registration
-    on your Headscale server and it also prints the Auth ID required to approve the node:
+    on your Headscale server and it also prints the registration key required to approve the node:
 
     ```console
-    headscale auth register --user <USER> --auth-id <AUTH_ID>
+    headscale nodes register --user <USER> --key <REGISTRATION_KEY>
     ```
 
     Congrations, the registration of your personal node is complete and it should be listed as "online" in the output of
@@ -61,8 +60,8 @@ headscale users create <USER>
 === "Tagged devices"
 
     Your Headscale user needs to be authorized to register tagged devices. This authorization is specified in the
-    [`tagOwners`](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#tag-owners) section of the [ACL](acls.md). A
-    simple example looks like this:
+    [`tagOwners`](https://tailscale.com/kb/1337/policy-syntax#tag-owners) section of the [ACL](acls.md). A simple
+    example looks like this:
 
     ```json title="The user alice can register nodes tagged with tag:server"
     {
@@ -80,10 +79,10 @@ headscale users create <USER>
     ```
 
     Usually, a browser window with further instructions is opened. This page explains how to complete the registration
-    on your Headscale server and it also prints the Auth ID required to approve the node:
+    on your Headscale server and it also prints the registration key required to approve the node:
 
     ```console
-    headscale auth register --user <USER> --auth-id <AUTH_ID>
+    headscale nodes register --user <USER> --key <REGISTRATION_KEY>
     ```
 
     Headscale checks that `<USER>` is allowed to register a node with the specified tag(s) and then transfers ownership
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ Its best suited for automation.
 
 === "Personal devices"
 
-    A personal node is always assigned to a Headscale user. Use the `headscale users` command to create a new user[^1]:
+    A personal node is always assigned to a Headscale user. Use the `headscale users` command to create a new user:
 
     ```console
     headscale users create <USER>
@@ -137,8 +136,6 @@ Its best suited for automation.
     tailscale up --login-server <YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL> --authkey <YOUR_AUTH_KEY>
     ```
 
-    The registration of a tagged node is complete and it should be listed as "online" in the output of
-    `headscale nodes list`. The "User" column displays `tagged-devices` as the owner of the node. See the "Tags" column for the list of
+    The registration of a tagged node is complete and it should be listed as "online" in the output of `headscale nodes
+    list`. The "User" column displays `tagged-devices` as the owner of the node. See the "Tags" column for the list of
     assigned tags.
-
-[^1]: [Ensure that the Headscale username does not end with `@`.](oidc.md#reference-a-user-in-the-policy)

docs/ref/routes.md

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 # Routes
 
-Headscale supports route advertising and can be used to manage [subnet
-routers](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/subnet-routers) and [exit
-nodes](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/exit-nodes) for a tailnet.
+Headscale supports route advertising and can be used to manage [subnet routers](https://tailscale.com/kb/1019/subnets)
+and [exit nodes](https://tailscale.com/kb/1103/exit-nodes) for a tailnet.
 
 - [Subnet routers](#subnet-router) may be used to connect an existing network such as a virtual
   private cloud or an on-premise network with your tailnet. Use a subnet router to access devices where Tailscale can't
@@ -73,8 +72,8 @@ $ sudo tailscale set --accept-routes
 ```
 
 Please refer to the official [Tailscale
-documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/subnet-routers#use-your-subnet-routes-from-other-devices) for how to
-use a subnet router on different operating systems.
+documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1019/subnets#use-your-subnet-routes-from-other-devices) for how to use a subnet
+router on different operating systems.
 
 ### Restrict the use of a subnet router with ACL
 
@@ -136,9 +135,8 @@ Advertise the route `192.168.0.0/24` from a subnet router that also advertises t
 $ sudo tailscale up --login-server <YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL> --advertise-tags tag:router --advertise-routes 192.168.0.0/24
 ```
 
-Please see the [official Tailscale
-documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#auto-approvers) for more information on auto
-approvers.
+Please see the [official Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1337/acl-syntax#autoapprovers) for more
+information on auto approvers.
 
 ## Exit node
 
@@ -201,8 +199,8 @@ The exit node can now be used on a node with:
 $ sudo tailscale set --exit-node myexit
 ```
 
-Please refer to the official [Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/exit-nodes#use-the-exit-node)
-for how to use an exit node on different operating systems.
+Please refer to the official [Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1103/exit-nodes#use-the-exit-node) for
+how to use an exit node on different operating systems.
 
 ### Restrict the use of an exit node with ACL
 
@@ -284,23 +282,26 @@ Advertise a node as exit node and also advertise the tag `tag:exit` when joining
 $ sudo tailscale up --login-server <YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL> --advertise-tags tag:exit --advertise-exit-node
 ```
 
-Please see the [official Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/reference/syntax/policy-file#autoapprovers)
-for more information on auto approvers.
+Please see the [official Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1337/acl-syntax#autoapprovers) for more
+information on auto approvers.
 
 ## High availability
 
-Headscale supports high availability routing. Multiple subnet routers with overlapping routes or multiple exit nodes can
-be used to provide high availability for users. If one router node goes offline, another one can serve the same routes
-to clients. Please see the official [Tailscale documentation on high
-availability](https://tailscale.com/docs/how-to/set-up-high-availability#subnet-router-high-availability) for details.
+Headscale has limited support for high availability routing. Multiple subnet routers with overlapping routes or multiple
+exit nodes can be used to provide high availability for users. If one router node goes offline, another one can serve
+the same routes to clients. Please see the official [Tailscale documentation on high
+availability](https://tailscale.com/kb/1115/high-availability#subnet-router-high-availability) for details.
 
-This feature is enabled by default when at least two nodes advertise the same prefix. See the configuration options
-`node.routes.ha` in the [configuration file](./configuration.md) for details.
+!!! bug
+
+    In certain situations it might take up to 16 minutes for Headscale to detect a node as offline. A failover node
+    might not be selected fast enough, if such a node is used as subnet router or exit node causing service
+    interruptions for clients. See [issue 2129](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2129) for more information.
 
 ## Troubleshooting
 
 ### Enable IP forwarding
 
 A subnet router or exit node is routing traffic on behalf of other nodes and thus requires IP forwarding. Check the
-official [Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/subnet-routers#enable-ip-forwarding) for how to
+official [Tailscale documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1019/subnets/?tab=linux#enable-ip-forwarding) for how to
 enable IP forwarding.

docs/ref/tags.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Tags
 
-Headscale supports Tailscale tags. Please read [Tailscale's tag documentation](https://tailscale.com/docs/features/tags)
-to learn how tags work and how to use them.
+Headscale supports Tailscale tags. Please read [Tailscale's tag documentation](https://tailscale.com/kb/1068/tags) to
+learn how tags work and how to use them.
 
 Tags can be applied during [node registration](registration.md):
 
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ tailscale up --login-server <YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL> --advertise-tags= --force-reaut
 ```
 
 Usually, a browser window with further instructions is opened. This page explains how to complete the registration on
-your Headscale server and it also prints the Auth ID required to approve the node:
+your Headscale server and it also prints the registration key required to approve the node:
 
 ```console
-headscale auth register --user <USER> --auth-id <AUTH_ID>
+headscale nodes register --user <USER> --key <REGISTRATION_KEY>
 ```
 
 All previously assigned tags get removed and the node is now owned by the user specified in the above command.

docs/ref/tls.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Headscale uses [autocert](https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert),
 If you want to validate that certificate renewal completed successfully, this can be done either manually, or through external monitoring software. Two examples of doing this manually:
 
 1. Open the URL for your headscale server in your browser of choice, and manually inspecting the expiry date of the certificate you receive.
-1. Or, check remotely from CLI using `openssl`:
+2. Or, check remotely from CLI using `openssl`:
 
 ```console
 $ openssl s_client -servername [hostname] -connect [hostname]:443 | openssl x509 -noout -dates

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 mike~=2.1
-mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin~=7.2
-mkdocs-macros-plugin~=1.5
-mkdocs-materialx[imaging]~=10.1
-mkdocs-minify-plugin~=0.8
+mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin~=7.1
+mkdocs-macros-plugin~=1.3
+mkdocs-material[imaging]~=9.5
+mkdocs-minify-plugin~=0.7
 mkdocs-redirects~=1.2

docs/setup/install/container.md

@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ Registry](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pkgs/container/headscale). The c
 
 ## Configure and run headscale
 
-1. Create a directory on the container host to store headscale's [configuration](../../ref/configuration.md) and the [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/) database:
+1.  Create a directory on the container host to store headscale's [configuration](../../ref/configuration.md) and the [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/) database:
 
     ```shell
     mkdir -p ./headscale/{config,lib}
     cd ./headscale
     ```
 
-1. Download the example configuration for your chosen version and save it as: `$(pwd)/config/config.yaml`. Adjust the
-   configuration to suit your local environment. See [Configuration](../../ref/configuration.md) for details.
+1.  Download the example configuration for your chosen version and save it as: `$(pwd)/config/config.yaml`. Adjust the
+    configuration to suit your local environment. See [Configuration](../../ref/configuration.md) for details.
 
-1. Start headscale from within the previously created `./headscale` directory:
+1.  Start headscale from within the previously created `./headscale` directory:
 
     ```shell
     docker run \
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Registry](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pkgs/container/headscale). The c
             test: ["CMD", "headscale", "health"]
     ```
 
-1. Verify headscale is running:
+1.  Verify headscale is running:
 
     Follow the container logs:
 

docs/setup/install/main.md

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-# Development builds
-
-!!! warning
-
-    Development builds are created automatically from the latest `main` branch
-    and are **not versioned releases**. They may contain incomplete features,
-    breaking changes, or bugs. Use them for testing only.
-
-Each push to `main` produces container images and cross-compiled binaries.
-Container images are multi-arch (amd64, arm64) and use the same distroless
-base image as official releases.
-
-## Container images
-
-Images are available from both Docker Hub and GitHub Container Registry, tagged
-with the short commit hash of the build (e.g. `main-abc1234`):
-
-- Docker Hub: `docker.io/headscale/headscale:main-<sha>`
-- GitHub Container Registry: `ghcr.io/juanfont/headscale:main-<sha>`
-
-To find the latest available tag, check the
-[GitHub Actions workflow](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/actions/workflows/container-main.yml)
-or the [GitHub Container Registry package page](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pkgs/container/headscale).
-
-For example, to run a specific development build:
-
-```shell
-docker run \
-  --name headscale \
-  --detach \
-  --read-only \
-  --tmpfs /var/run/headscale \
-  --volume "$(pwd)/config:/etc/headscale:ro" \
-  --volume "$(pwd)/lib:/var/lib/headscale" \
-  --publish 127.0.0.1:8080:8080 \
-  --publish 127.0.0.1:9090:9090 \
-  --health-cmd "CMD headscale health" \
-  docker.io/headscale/headscale:main-<sha> \
-  serve
-```
-
-See [Running headscale in a container](./container.md) for full container setup instructions.
-
-## Binaries
-
-Pre-built binaries from the latest successful build on `main` are available
-via [nightly.link](https://nightly.link/juanfont/headscale/workflows/container-main/main):
-
-| OS    | Arch  | Download                                                                                                                   |
-| ----- | ----- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Linux | amd64 | [headscale-linux-amd64](https://nightly.link/juanfont/headscale/workflows/container-main/main/headscale-linux-amd64.zip)   |
-| Linux | arm64 | [headscale-linux-arm64](https://nightly.link/juanfont/headscale/workflows/container-main/main/headscale-linux-arm64.zip)   |
-| macOS | amd64 | [headscale-darwin-amd64](https://nightly.link/juanfont/headscale/workflows/container-main/main/headscale-darwin-amd64.zip) |
-| macOS | arm64 | [headscale-darwin-arm64](https://nightly.link/juanfont/headscale/workflows/container-main/main/headscale-darwin-arm64.zip) |
-
-After downloading and extracting the archive, make the binary executable and follow the
-[standalone binary installation](./official.md#using-standalone-binaries-advanced)
-instructions for setting up the service.

docs/setup/install/official.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ It is recommended to use our DEB packages to install headscale on a Debian based
 local user to run headscale, provide a default configuration and ship with a systemd service file. Supported
 distributions are Ubuntu 22.04 or newer, Debian 12 or newer.
 
-1. Download the [latest headscale package](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases/latest) for your platform (`.deb` for Ubuntu and Debian).
+1.  Download the [latest headscale package](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases/latest) for your platform (`.deb` for Ubuntu and Debian).
 
     ```shell
     HEADSCALE_VERSION="" # See above URL for latest version, e.g. "X.Y.Z" (NOTE: do not add the "v" prefix!)
@@ -18,26 +18,25 @@ distributions are Ubuntu 22.04 or newer, Debian 12 or newer.
      "https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases/download/v${HEADSCALE_VERSION}/headscale_${HEADSCALE_VERSION}_linux_${HEADSCALE_ARCH}.deb"
     ```
 
-1. Install headscale:
+1.  Install headscale:
 
     ```shell
     sudo apt install ./headscale.deb
     ```
 
-1. [Configure headscale by editing the configuration file](../../ref/configuration.md). An up-to date example
-   configuration file is also available in `/usr/share/doc/headscale/examples/config-example.yaml`:
+1.  [Configure headscale by editing the configuration file](../../ref/configuration.md):
 
     ```shell
     sudo nano /etc/headscale/config.yaml
     ```
 
-1. Enable and start the headscale service:
+1.  Enable and start the headscale service:
 
     ```shell
     sudo systemctl enable --now headscale
     ```
 
-1. Verify that headscale is running as intended:
+1.  Verify that headscale is running as intended:
 
     ```shell
     sudo systemctl status headscale
@@ -57,20 +56,20 @@ This section describes the installation of headscale according to the [Requireme
 assumptions](../requirements.md#assumptions). Headscale is run by a dedicated local user and the service itself is
 managed by systemd.
 
-1. Download the latest [`headscale` binary from GitHub's release page](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases):
+1.  Download the latest [`headscale` binary from GitHub's release page](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases):
 
     ```shell
     sudo wget --output-document=/usr/bin/headscale \
     https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases/download/v<HEADSCALE VERSION>/headscale_<HEADSCALE VERSION>_linux_<ARCH>
     ```
 
-1. Make `headscale` executable:
+1.  Make `headscale` executable:
 
     ```shell
     sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/headscale
     ```
 
-1. Add a dedicated local user to run headscale:
+1.  Add a dedicated local user to run headscale:
 
     ```shell
     sudo useradd \
@@ -82,38 +81,38 @@ managed by systemd.
      headscale
     ```
 
-1. Download the example configuration for your chosen version and save it as: `/etc/headscale/config.yaml`. Adjust the
-   configuration to suit your local environment. See [Configuration](../../ref/configuration.md) for details.
+1.  Download the example configuration for your chosen version and save it as: `/etc/headscale/config.yaml`. Adjust the
+    configuration to suit your local environment. See [Configuration](../../ref/configuration.md) for details.
 
     ```shell
     sudo mkdir -p /etc/headscale
     sudo nano /etc/headscale/config.yaml
     ```
 
-1. Copy [headscale's systemd service file](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/main/packaging/systemd/headscale.service)
-   to `/etc/systemd/system/headscale.service` and adjust it to suit your local setup. The following parameters likely need
-   to be modified: `ExecStart`, `WorkingDirectory`, `ReadWritePaths`.
+1.  Copy [headscale's systemd service file](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/blob/main/packaging/systemd/headscale.service)
+    to `/etc/systemd/system/headscale.service` and adjust it to suit your local setup. The following parameters likely need
+    to be modified: `ExecStart`, `WorkingDirectory`, `ReadWritePaths`.
 
-1. In `/etc/headscale/config.yaml`, override the default `headscale` unix socket with a path that is writable by the
-   `headscale` user or group:
+1.  In `/etc/headscale/config.yaml`, override the default `headscale` unix socket with a path that is writable by the
+    `headscale` user or group:
 
     ```yaml title="config.yaml"
     unix_socket: /var/run/headscale/headscale.sock
     ```
 
-1. Reload systemd to load the new configuration file:
+1.  Reload systemd to load the new configuration file:
 
     ```shell
     systemctl daemon-reload
     ```
 
-1. Enable and start the new headscale service:
+1.  Enable and start the new headscale service:
 
     ```shell
     systemctl enable --now headscale
     ```
 
-1. Verify that headscale is running as intended:
+1.  Verify that headscale is running as intended:
 
     ```shell
     systemctl status headscale

docs/setup/requirements.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The ports in use vary with the intended scenario and enabled features. Some of t
 - tcp/80
     - Expose publicly: yes
     - HTTP, used by Let's Encrypt to verify ownership via the HTTP-01 challenge.
-    - Only required if the built-in Let's Encrypt client with the HTTP-01 challenge is used. See [TLS](../ref/tls.md) for
+    - Only required if the built-in Let's Enrypt client with the HTTP-01 challenge is used. See [TLS](../ref/tls.md) for
       details.
 - tcp/443
     - Expose publicly: yes
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ The headscale documentation and the provided examples are written with a few ass
 
 Please adjust to your local environment accordingly.
 
-[^1]: The Tailscale client assumes HTTPS on port 443 in certain situations. Serving headscale either via HTTP or via
-    HTTPS on a port other than 443 is possible but sticking with HTTPS on port 443 is strongly recommended for
-    production setups. See [issue 2164](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2164) for more information.
+[^1]:
+    The Tailscale client assumes HTTPS on port 443 in certain situations. Serving headscale either via HTTP or via HTTPS
+    on a port other than 443 is possible but sticking with HTTPS on port 443 is strongly recommended for production
+    setups. See [issue 2164](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/2164) for more information.

docs/setup/upgrade.md

@@ -1,50 +1,10 @@
 # Upgrade an existing installation
 
-!!! tip "Required update path"
-
-    Its required to update from one stable version to the next (e.g. 0.26.0 → 0.27.1 → 0.28.0) without skipping minor
-    versions in between. You should always pick the latest available patch release.
-
-Update an existing Headscale installation to a new version:
+Update an existing headscale installation to a new version:
 
 - Read the announcement on the [GitHub releases](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/releases) page for the new
-  version. It lists the changes of the release along with possible breaking changes and version-specific upgrade
-  instructions.
-- Stop Headscale
-- **[Create a backup of your installation](#backup)**
-- Update Headscale to the new version, preferably by following the same installation method.
+  version. It lists the changes of the release along with possible breaking changes.
+- **Create a backup of your database.**
+- Update headscale to the new version, preferably by following the same installation method.
 - Compare and update the [configuration](../ref/configuration.md) file.
-- Start Headscale
-
-## Backup
-
-Headscale applies database migrations during upgrades and we highly recommend to create a backup of your database before
-upgrading. A full backup of Headscale depends on your individual setup, but below are some typical setup scenarios.
-
-=== "Standard installation"
-
-    A installation that follows our [official releases](install/official.md) setup guide uses the following paths:
-
-    - [Configuration file](../ref/configuration.md): `/etc/headscale/config.yaml`
-    - Data directory: `/var/lib/headscale`
-    - SQLite as database: `/var/lib/headscale/db.sqlite`
-
-    ```console
-    TIMESTAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
-    cp -aR /etc/headscale /etc/headscale.backup-$TIMESTAMP
-    cp -aR /var/lib/headscale /var/lib/headscale.backup-$TIMESTAMP
-    ```
-
-=== "Container"
-
-    A installation that follows our [container](install/container.md) setup guide uses a single source volume directory
-    that contains the configuration file, data directory and the SQLite database.
-
-    ```console
-    cp -aR /path/to/headscale /path/to/headscale.backup-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
-    ```
-
-=== "PostgreSQL"
-
-    Please follow PostgreSQL's [Backup and Restore](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/backup.html) documentation
-    to create a backup of your PostgreSQL database.
+- Restart headscale.

docs/usage/connect/apple.md

@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ Install the official Tailscale iOS client from the [App Store](https://apps.appl
 
 ### Installation
 
-Choose one of the available [Tailscale clients for macOS](https://tailscale.com/docs/concepts/macos-variants) and
-install it.
+Choose one of the available [Tailscale clients for macOS](https://tailscale.com/kb/1065/macos-variants) and install it.
 
 ### Configuring the headscale URL
 

docs/usage/connect/windows.md

@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ all the time, please enable "Unattended mode":
 - Enable `Run unattended`
 - Confirm the "Unattended mode" message
 
-See also [Keep Tailscale running when I'm not logged in to my
-computer](https://tailscale.com/docs/how-to/run-unattended).
+See also [Keep Tailscale running when I'm not logged in to my computer](https://tailscale.com/kb/1088/run-unattended)
 
 ### Failing node registration
 
@@ -55,6 +54,6 @@ This typically means that the registry keys above was not set appropriately.
 To reset and try again, it is important to do the following:
 
 1. Shut down the Tailscale service (or the client running in the tray)
-1. Delete Tailscale Application data folder, located at `C:\Users\<USERNAME>\AppData\Local\Tailscale` and try to connect again.
-1. Ensure the Windows node is deleted from headscale (to ensure fresh setup)
-1. Start Tailscale on the Windows machine and retry the login.
+2. Delete Tailscale Application data folder, located at `C:\Users\<USERNAME>\AppData\Local\Tailscale` and try to connect again.
+3. Ensure the Windows node is deleted from headscale (to ensure fresh setup)
+4. Start Tailscale on the Windows machine and retry the login.

docs/usage/getting-started.md

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ This page helps you get started with headscale and provides a few usage examples
 
 !!! note "Prerequisites"
 
-    - Headscale is installed and running as system service. Read the [setup section](../setup/requirements.md) for
+    * Headscale is installed and running as system service. Read the [setup section](../setup/requirements.md) for
       installation instructions.
-    - The configuration file exists and is adjusted to suit your environment, see
+    * The configuration file exists and is adjusted to suit your environment, see
       [Configuration](../ref/configuration.md) for details.
-    - Headscale is reachable from the Internet. Verify this by visiting the health endpoint:
+    * Headscale is reachable from the Internet. Verify this by visiting the health endpoint:
       https://headscale.example.com/health
-    - The Tailscale client is installed, see [Client and operating system support](../about/clients.md) for more
+    * The Tailscale client is installed, see [Client and operating system support](../about/clients.md) for more
       information.
 
 ## Getting help
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ options, run:
     communicate with the headscale service you have to make sure the unix socket is accessible by the user that runs
     the commands. In general you can achieve this by any of the following methods:
 
-    - using `sudo`
-    - run the commands as user `headscale`
-    - add your user to the `headscale` group
+      * using `sudo`
+      * run the commands as user `headscale`
+      * add your user to the `headscale` group
 
     To verify you can run the following command using your preferred method:
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ options, run:
 ## Manage headscale users
 
 In headscale, a node (also known as machine or device) is [typically assigned to a headscale
-user](../ref/registration.md#identity-model). Such a headscale user[^1] may have many nodes assigned to them and can be
+user](../ref/registration.md#identity-model). Such a headscale user may have many nodes assigned to them and can be
 managed with the `headscale users` command. Invoke the built-in help for more information: `headscale users --help`.
 
 ### Create a headscale user
@@ -110,25 +110,26 @@ tailscale up --login-server <YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL>
 ```
 
 Usually, a browser window with further instructions is opened. This page explains how to complete the registration on
-your headscale server and it also prints the Auth ID required to approve the node:
+your headscale server and it also prints the registration key required to approve the node:
 
 === "Native"
 
     ```shell
-    headscale auth register --user <USER> --auth-id <AUTH_ID>
+    headscale nodes register --user <USER> --key <REGISTRATION_KEY>
     ```
 
 === "Container"
 
     ```shell
     docker exec -it headscale \
-      headscale auth register --user <USER> --auth-id <AUTH_ID>
+      headscale nodes register --user <USER> --key <REGISTRATION_KEY>
     ```
 
 ### [Pre authenticated key](../ref/registration.md#pre-authenticated-key)
 
 It is also possible to generate a preauthkey and register a node non-interactively. First, generate a preauthkey on the
-headscale instance. By default, the key is valid for one hour and can only be used once (see `headscale preauthkeys --help` for other options):
+headscale instance. By default, the key is valid for one hour and can only be used once (see `headscale preauthkeys
+--help` for other options):
 
 === "Native"
 
@@ -149,5 +150,3 @@ The command returns the preauthkey on success which is used to connect a node to
 ```shell
 tailscale up --login-server <YOUR_HEADSCALE_URL> --authkey <YOUR_AUTH_KEY>
 ```
-
-[^1]: [Ensure that the Headscale username does not end with `@`.](../ref/oidc.md#reference-a-user-in-the-policy)

flake.lock

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1775701739,
-        "narHash": "sha256-2FWWY1rr/+pGUJK1npcVcsWNEblzmKs6VxD3VEvwJSs=",
+        "lastModified": 1770141374,
+        "narHash": "sha256-yD4K/vRHPwXbJf5CK3JkptBA6nFWUKNX/jlFp2eKEQc=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "0f7663154ff2fec150f9dbf5f81ec2785dc1e0db",
+        "rev": "41965737c1797c1d83cfb0b644ed0840a6220bd1",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {

flake.nix

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
       overlays.default = _: prev:
         let
           pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${prev.stdenv.hostPlatform.system};
-          buildGo = pkgs.buildGo126Module;
-          vendorHash = "sha256-8vTEkPEMbJ6DSOjcoQrYRyKSYI8jjcllTmJ6RXmUV9w=";
+          buildGo = pkgs.buildGo125Module;
+          vendorHash = "sha256-jkeB9XUTEGt58fPOMpE4/e3+JQoMQTgf0RlthVBmfG0=";
         in
         {
           headscale = buildGo {
@@ -62,16 +62,16 @@
 
           protoc-gen-grpc-gateway = buildGo rec {
             pname = "grpc-gateway";
-            version = "2.28.0";
+            version = "2.27.7";
 
             src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
               owner = "grpc-ecosystem";
               repo = "grpc-gateway";
               rev = "v${version}";
-              sha256 = "sha256-93omvHb+b+S0w4D+FGEEwYYDjgumJFDAruc1P4elfvA=";
+              sha256 = "sha256-6R0EhNnOBEISJddjkbVTcBvUuU5U3r9Hu2UPfAZDep4=";
             };
 
-            vendorHash = "sha256-jVP5zfFPfHeAEApKNJzZwuZLA+DjKgkL7m2DFG72UNs=";
+            vendorHash = "sha256-SOAbRrzMf2rbKaG9PGSnPSLY/qZVgbHcNjOLmVonycY=";
 
             nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.installShellFiles ];
 
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@
 
           protobuf-language-server = buildGo rec {
             pname = "protobuf-language-server";
-            version = "ab4c128";
+            version = "1cf777d";
 
             src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
               owner = "lasorda";
               repo = "protobuf-language-server";
-              rev = "ab4c128f00774d51bd6d1f4cfa735f4b7c8619e3";
-              sha256 = "sha256-yF6kG+qTRxVO/qp2V9HgTyFBeOm5RQzeqdZFrdidwxM=";
+              rev = "1cf777de4d35a6e493a689e3ca1a6183ce3206b6";
+              sha256 = "sha256-9MkBQPxr/TDr/sNz/Sk7eoZwZwzdVbE5u6RugXXk5iY=";
             };
 
             vendorHash = "sha256-4nTpKBe7ekJsfQf+P6edT/9Vp2SBYbKz1ITawD3bhkI=";
@@ -94,46 +94,19 @@
             subPackages = [ "." ];
           };
 
-          # Build golangci-lint with Go 1.26 (upstream uses hardcoded Go version)
-          golangci-lint = buildGo rec {
-            pname = "golangci-lint";
-            version = "2.11.4";
+          # Upstream does not override buildGoModule properly,
+          # importing a specific module, so comment out for now.
+          # golangci-lint = prev.golangci-lint.override {
+          #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
+          # };
+          # golangci-lint-langserver = prev.golangci-lint.override {
+          #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
+          # };
 
-            src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
-              owner = "golangci";
-              repo = "golangci-lint";
-              rev = "v${version}";
-              hash = "sha256-B19aLvfNRY9TOYw/71f2vpNUuSIz8OI4dL0ijGezsas=";
-            };
-
-            vendorHash = "sha256-xuoj4+U4tB5gpABKq4Dbp2cxnljxdYoBbO8A7DqPM5E=";
-
-            subPackages = [ "cmd/golangci-lint" ];
-
-            nativeBuildInputs = [ pkgs.installShellFiles ];
-
-            ldflags = [
-              "-s"
-              "-w"
-              "-X main.version=${version}"
-              "-X main.commit=v${version}"
-              "-X main.date=1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"
-            ];
-
-            postInstall = ''
-              for shell in bash zsh fish; do
-                HOME=$TMPDIR $out/bin/golangci-lint completion $shell > golangci-lint.$shell
-                installShellCompletion golangci-lint.$shell
-              done
-            '';
-
-            meta = {
-              description = "Fast linters runner for Go";
-              homepage = "https://golangci-lint.run/";
-              changelog = "https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/blob/v${version}/CHANGELOG.md";
-              mainProgram = "golangci-lint";
-            };
-          };
+          # The package uses buildGo125Module, not the convention.
+          # goreleaser = prev.goreleaser.override {
+          #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
+          # };
 
           gotestsum = prev.gotestsum.override {
             buildGoModule = buildGo;
@@ -147,9 +120,9 @@
             buildGoModule = buildGo;
           };
 
-          gopls = prev.gopls.override {
-            buildGoLatestModule = buildGo;
-          };
+          # gopls = prev.gopls.override {
+          #   buildGoModule = buildGo;
+          # };
         };
     }
     // flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem
@@ -159,14 +132,14 @@
           overlays = [ self.overlays.default ];
           inherit system;
         };
-        buildDeps = with pkgs; [ git go_1_26 gnumake ];
+        buildDeps = with pkgs; [ git go_1_25 gnumake ];
         devDeps = with pkgs;
           buildDeps
           ++ [
             golangci-lint
             golangci-lint-langserver
             golines
-            prettier
+            nodePackages.prettier
             nixpkgs-fmt
             goreleaser
             nfpm
@@ -179,10 +152,6 @@
             yq-go
             ripgrep
             postgresql
-            python314Packages.mdformat
-            python314Packages.mdformat-footnote
-            python314Packages.mdformat-frontmatter
-            python314Packages.mdformat-mkdocs
             prek
 
             # 'dot' is needed for pprof graphs

gen/go/headscale/v1/auth.pb.go

@@ -1,351 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
-// versions:
-// 	protoc-gen-go v1.36.11
-// 	protoc        (unknown)
-// source: headscale/v1/auth.proto
-
-package v1
-
-import (
-	protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
-	protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
-	reflect "reflect"
-	sync "sync"
-	unsafe "unsafe"
-)
-
-const (
-	// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
-	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
-	// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
-	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
-)
-
-type AuthRegisterRequest struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	User          string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=user,proto3" json:"user,omitempty"`
-	AuthId        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=auth_id,json=authId,proto3" json:"auth_id,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRegisterRequest) Reset() {
-	*x = AuthRegisterRequest{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[0]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRegisterRequest) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*AuthRegisterRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *AuthRegisterRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[0]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use AuthRegisterRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*AuthRegisterRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRegisterRequest) GetUser() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.User
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRegisterRequest) GetAuthId() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.AuthId
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-type AuthRegisterResponse struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	Node          *Node                  `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=node,proto3" json:"node,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRegisterResponse) Reset() {
-	*x = AuthRegisterResponse{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[1]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRegisterResponse) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*AuthRegisterResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *AuthRegisterResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[1]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use AuthRegisterResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*AuthRegisterResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRegisterResponse) GetNode() *Node {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Node
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-type AuthApproveRequest struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	AuthId        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=auth_id,json=authId,proto3" json:"auth_id,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *AuthApproveRequest) Reset() {
-	*x = AuthApproveRequest{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[2]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *AuthApproveRequest) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*AuthApproveRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *AuthApproveRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[2]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use AuthApproveRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*AuthApproveRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
-}
-
-func (x *AuthApproveRequest) GetAuthId() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.AuthId
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-type AuthApproveResponse struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *AuthApproveResponse) Reset() {
-	*x = AuthApproveResponse{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[3]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *AuthApproveResponse) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*AuthApproveResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *AuthApproveResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[3]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use AuthApproveResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*AuthApproveResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
-}
-
-type AuthRejectRequest struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	AuthId        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=auth_id,json=authId,proto3" json:"auth_id,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRejectRequest) Reset() {
-	*x = AuthRejectRequest{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[4]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRejectRequest) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*AuthRejectRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *AuthRejectRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[4]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use AuthRejectRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*AuthRejectRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRejectRequest) GetAuthId() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.AuthId
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-type AuthRejectResponse struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRejectResponse) Reset() {
-	*x = AuthRejectResponse{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[5]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *AuthRejectResponse) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*AuthRejectResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *AuthRejectResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes[5]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use AuthRejectResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*AuthRejectResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
-}
-
-var File_headscale_v1_auth_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
-
-const file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDesc = "" +
-	"\n" +
-	"\x17headscale/v1/auth.proto\x12\fheadscale.v1\x1a\x17headscale/v1/node.proto\"B\n" +
-	"\x13AuthRegisterRequest\x12\x12\n" +
-	"\x04user\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04user\x12\x17\n" +
-	"\aauth_id\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x06authId\">\n" +
-	"\x14AuthRegisterResponse\x12&\n" +
-	"\x04node\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x12.headscale.v1.NodeR\x04node\"-\n" +
-	"\x12AuthApproveRequest\x12\x17\n" +
-	"\aauth_id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06authId\"\x15\n" +
-	"\x13AuthApproveResponse\",\n" +
-	"\x11AuthRejectRequest\x12\x17\n" +
-	"\aauth_id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06authId\"\x14\n" +
-	"\x12AuthRejectResponseB)Z'github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/v1b\x06proto3"
-
-var (
-	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
-	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescData []byte
-)
-
-func file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
-	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
-		file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDesc)))
-	})
-	return file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDescData
-}
-
-var file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 6)
-var file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_goTypes = []any{
-	(*AuthRegisterRequest)(nil),  // 0: headscale.v1.AuthRegisterRequest
-	(*AuthRegisterResponse)(nil), // 1: headscale.v1.AuthRegisterResponse
-	(*AuthApproveRequest)(nil),   // 2: headscale.v1.AuthApproveRequest
-	(*AuthApproveResponse)(nil),  // 3: headscale.v1.AuthApproveResponse
-	(*AuthRejectRequest)(nil),    // 4: headscale.v1.AuthRejectRequest
-	(*AuthRejectResponse)(nil),   // 5: headscale.v1.AuthRejectResponse
-	(*Node)(nil),                 // 6: headscale.v1.Node
-}
-var file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	6, // 0: headscale.v1.AuthRegisterResponse.node:type_name -> headscale.v1.Node
-	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0, // [0:1] is the sub-list for field type_name
-}
-
-func init() { file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_init() }
-func file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_init() {
-	if File_headscale_v1_auth_proto != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	file_headscale_v1_node_proto_init()
-	type x struct{}
-	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
-		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
-			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
-			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_rawDesc)),
-			NumEnums:      0,
-			NumMessages:   6,
-			NumExtensions: 0,
-			NumServices:   0,
-		},
-		GoTypes:           file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_goTypes,
-		DependencyIndexes: file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_depIdxs,
-		MessageInfos:      file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_msgTypes,
-	}.Build()
-	File_headscale_v1_auth_proto = out.File
-	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_goTypes = nil
-	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_depIdxs = nil
-}

gen/go/headscale/v1/headscale.pb.go

@@ -106,10 +106,10 @@ var File_headscale_v1_headscale_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
 
 const file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\n" +
-	"\x1cheadscale/v1/headscale.proto\x12\fheadscale.v1\x1a\x1cgoogle/api/annotations.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/user.proto\x1a\x1dheadscale/v1/preauthkey.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/node.proto\x1a\x19headscale/v1/apikey.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/auth.proto\x1a\x19headscale/v1/policy.proto\"\x0f\n" +
+	"\x1cheadscale/v1/headscale.proto\x12\fheadscale.v1\x1a\x1cgoogle/api/annotations.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/user.proto\x1a\x1dheadscale/v1/preauthkey.proto\x1a\x17headscale/v1/node.proto\x1a\x19headscale/v1/apikey.proto\x1a\x19headscale/v1/policy.proto\"\x0f\n" +
 	"\rHealthRequest\"E\n" +
 	"\x0eHealthResponse\x123\n" +
-	"\x15database_connectivity\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\x14databaseConnectivity2\xe0\x1a\n" +
+	"\x15database_connectivity\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\x14databaseConnectivity2\x8c\x17\n" +
 	"\x10HeadscaleService\x12h\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"CreateUser\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.CreateUserRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.CreateUserResponse\"\x17\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x11:\x01*\"\f/api/v1/user\x12\x80\x01\n" +
@@ -134,18 +134,13 @@ const file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\n" +
 	"RenameNode\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.RenameNodeRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse\"0\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02*\"(/api/v1/node/{node_id}/rename/{new_name}\x12b\n" +
 	"\tListNodes\x12\x1e.headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest\x1a\x1f.headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse\"\x14\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x0e\x12\f/api/v1/node\x12\x80\x01\n" +
-	"\x0fBackfillNodeIPs\x12$.headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest\x1a%.headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse\" \x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1a\"\x18/api/v1/node/backfillips\x12w\n" +
-	"\fAuthRegister\x12!.headscale.v1.AuthRegisterRequest\x1a\".headscale.v1.AuthRegisterResponse\" \x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1a:\x01*\"\x15/api/v1/auth/register\x12s\n" +
-	"\vAuthApprove\x12 .headscale.v1.AuthApproveRequest\x1a!.headscale.v1.AuthApproveResponse\"\x1f\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x19:\x01*\"\x14/api/v1/auth/approve\x12o\n" +
-	"\n" +
-	"AuthReject\x12\x1f.headscale.v1.AuthRejectRequest\x1a .headscale.v1.AuthRejectResponse\"\x1e\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x18:\x01*\"\x13/api/v1/auth/reject\x12p\n" +
+	"\x0fBackfillNodeIPs\x12$.headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest\x1a%.headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse\" \x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1a\"\x18/api/v1/node/backfillips\x12p\n" +
 	"\fCreateApiKey\x12!.headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest\x1a\".headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse\"\x19\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x13:\x01*\"\x0e/api/v1/apikey\x12w\n" +
 	"\fExpireApiKey\x12!.headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest\x1a\".headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse\" \x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x1a:\x01*\"\x15/api/v1/apikey/expire\x12j\n" +
 	"\vListApiKeys\x12 .headscale.v1.ListApiKeysRequest\x1a!.headscale.v1.ListApiKeysResponse\"\x16\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x10\x12\x0e/api/v1/apikey\x12v\n" +
 	"\fDeleteApiKey\x12!.headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest\x1a\".headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyResponse\"\x1f\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x19*\x17/api/v1/apikey/{prefix}\x12d\n" +
 	"\tGetPolicy\x12\x1e.headscale.v1.GetPolicyRequest\x1a\x1f.headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse\"\x16\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x10\x12\x0e/api/v1/policy\x12g\n" +
-	"\tSetPolicy\x12\x1e.headscale.v1.SetPolicyRequest\x1a\x1f.headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse\"\x19\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x13:\x01*\x1a\x0e/api/v1/policy\x12s\n" +
-	"\vCheckPolicy\x12 .headscale.v1.CheckPolicyRequest\x1a!.headscale.v1.CheckPolicyResponse\"\x1f\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x19:\x01*\"\x14/api/v1/policy/check\x12[\n" +
+	"\tSetPolicy\x12\x1e.headscale.v1.SetPolicyRequest\x1a\x1f.headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse\"\x19\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x13:\x01*\x1a\x0e/api/v1/policy\x12[\n" +
 	"\x06Health\x12\x1b.headscale.v1.HealthRequest\x1a\x1c.headscale.v1.HealthResponse\"\x16\x82\xd3\xe4\x93\x02\x10\x12\x0e/api/v1/healthB)Z'github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/v1b\x06proto3"
 
 var (
@@ -182,44 +177,36 @@ var file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*RenameNodeRequest)(nil),         // 17: headscale.v1.RenameNodeRequest
 	(*ListNodesRequest)(nil),          // 18: headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest
 	(*BackfillNodeIPsRequest)(nil),    // 19: headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest
-	(*AuthRegisterRequest)(nil),       // 20: headscale.v1.AuthRegisterRequest
-	(*AuthApproveRequest)(nil),        // 21: headscale.v1.AuthApproveRequest
-	(*AuthRejectRequest)(nil),         // 22: headscale.v1.AuthRejectRequest
-	(*CreateApiKeyRequest)(nil),       // 23: headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest
-	(*ExpireApiKeyRequest)(nil),       // 24: headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest
-	(*ListApiKeysRequest)(nil),        // 25: headscale.v1.ListApiKeysRequest
-	(*DeleteApiKeyRequest)(nil),       // 26: headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest
-	(*GetPolicyRequest)(nil),          // 27: headscale.v1.GetPolicyRequest
-	(*SetPolicyRequest)(nil),          // 28: headscale.v1.SetPolicyRequest
-	(*CheckPolicyRequest)(nil),        // 29: headscale.v1.CheckPolicyRequest
-	(*CreateUserResponse)(nil),        // 30: headscale.v1.CreateUserResponse
-	(*RenameUserResponse)(nil),        // 31: headscale.v1.RenameUserResponse
-	(*DeleteUserResponse)(nil),        // 32: headscale.v1.DeleteUserResponse
-	(*ListUsersResponse)(nil),         // 33: headscale.v1.ListUsersResponse
-	(*CreatePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 34: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse
-	(*ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 35: headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse
-	(*DeletePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 36: headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyResponse
-	(*ListPreAuthKeysResponse)(nil),   // 37: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
-	(*DebugCreateNodeResponse)(nil),   // 38: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
-	(*GetNodeResponse)(nil),           // 39: headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse
-	(*SetTagsResponse)(nil),           // 40: headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse
-	(*SetApprovedRoutesResponse)(nil), // 41: headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse
-	(*RegisterNodeResponse)(nil),      // 42: headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse
-	(*DeleteNodeResponse)(nil),        // 43: headscale.v1.DeleteNodeResponse
-	(*ExpireNodeResponse)(nil),        // 44: headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse
-	(*RenameNodeResponse)(nil),        // 45: headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse
-	(*ListNodesResponse)(nil),         // 46: headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse
-	(*BackfillNodeIPsResponse)(nil),   // 47: headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse
-	(*AuthRegisterResponse)(nil),      // 48: headscale.v1.AuthRegisterResponse
-	(*AuthApproveResponse)(nil),       // 49: headscale.v1.AuthApproveResponse
-	(*AuthRejectResponse)(nil),        // 50: headscale.v1.AuthRejectResponse
-	(*CreateApiKeyResponse)(nil),      // 51: headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse
-	(*ExpireApiKeyResponse)(nil),      // 52: headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse
-	(*ListApiKeysResponse)(nil),       // 53: headscale.v1.ListApiKeysResponse
-	(*DeleteApiKeyResponse)(nil),      // 54: headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyResponse
-	(*GetPolicyResponse)(nil),         // 55: headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse
-	(*SetPolicyResponse)(nil),         // 56: headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse
-	(*CheckPolicyResponse)(nil),       // 57: headscale.v1.CheckPolicyResponse
+	(*CreateApiKeyRequest)(nil),       // 20: headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest
+	(*ExpireApiKeyRequest)(nil),       // 21: headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest
+	(*ListApiKeysRequest)(nil),        // 22: headscale.v1.ListApiKeysRequest
+	(*DeleteApiKeyRequest)(nil),       // 23: headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest
+	(*GetPolicyRequest)(nil),          // 24: headscale.v1.GetPolicyRequest
+	(*SetPolicyRequest)(nil),          // 25: headscale.v1.SetPolicyRequest
+	(*CreateUserResponse)(nil),        // 26: headscale.v1.CreateUserResponse
+	(*RenameUserResponse)(nil),        // 27: headscale.v1.RenameUserResponse
+	(*DeleteUserResponse)(nil),        // 28: headscale.v1.DeleteUserResponse
+	(*ListUsersResponse)(nil),         // 29: headscale.v1.ListUsersResponse
+	(*CreatePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 30: headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse
+	(*ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 31: headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse
+	(*DeletePreAuthKeyResponse)(nil),  // 32: headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyResponse
+	(*ListPreAuthKeysResponse)(nil),   // 33: headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
+	(*DebugCreateNodeResponse)(nil),   // 34: headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
+	(*GetNodeResponse)(nil),           // 35: headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse
+	(*SetTagsResponse)(nil),           // 36: headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse
+	(*SetApprovedRoutesResponse)(nil), // 37: headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse
+	(*RegisterNodeResponse)(nil),      // 38: headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse
+	(*DeleteNodeResponse)(nil),        // 39: headscale.v1.DeleteNodeResponse
+	(*ExpireNodeResponse)(nil),        // 40: headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse
+	(*RenameNodeResponse)(nil),        // 41: headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse
+	(*ListNodesResponse)(nil),         // 42: headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse
+	(*BackfillNodeIPsResponse)(nil),   // 43: headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse
+	(*CreateApiKeyResponse)(nil),      // 44: headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse
+	(*ExpireApiKeyResponse)(nil),      // 45: headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse
+	(*ListApiKeysResponse)(nil),       // 46: headscale.v1.ListApiKeysResponse
+	(*DeleteApiKeyResponse)(nil),      // 47: headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyResponse
+	(*GetPolicyResponse)(nil),         // 48: headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse
+	(*SetPolicyResponse)(nil),         // 49: headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse
 }
 var file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	2,  // 0: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateUser:input_type -> headscale.v1.CreateUserRequest
@@ -240,48 +227,40 @@ var file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	17, // 15: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameNode:input_type -> headscale.v1.RenameNodeRequest
 	18, // 16: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListNodes:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListNodesRequest
 	19, // 17: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.BackfillNodeIPs:input_type -> headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsRequest
-	20, // 18: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthRegister:input_type -> headscale.v1.AuthRegisterRequest
-	21, // 19: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthApprove:input_type -> headscale.v1.AuthApproveRequest
-	22, // 20: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthReject:input_type -> headscale.v1.AuthRejectRequest
-	23, // 21: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateApiKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest
-	24, // 22: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireApiKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest
-	25, // 23: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListApiKeys:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListApiKeysRequest
-	26, // 24: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteApiKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest
-	27, // 25: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetPolicy:input_type -> headscale.v1.GetPolicyRequest
-	28, // 26: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetPolicy:input_type -> headscale.v1.SetPolicyRequest
-	29, // 27: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CheckPolicy:input_type -> headscale.v1.CheckPolicyRequest
-	0,  // 28: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.Health:input_type -> headscale.v1.HealthRequest
-	30, // 29: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateUser:output_type -> headscale.v1.CreateUserResponse
-	31, // 30: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameUser:output_type -> headscale.v1.RenameUserResponse
-	32, // 31: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteUser:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteUserResponse
-	33, // 32: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListUsers:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListUsersResponse
-	34, // 33: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreatePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse
-	35, // 34: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpirePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse
-	36, // 35: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeletePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyResponse
-	37, // 36: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListPreAuthKeys:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
-	38, // 37: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DebugCreateNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
-	39, // 38: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse
-	40, // 39: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetTags:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse
-	41, // 40: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetApprovedRoutes:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse
-	42, // 41: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RegisterNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse
-	43, // 42: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteNodeResponse
-	44, // 43: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse
-	45, // 44: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse
-	46, // 45: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListNodes:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse
-	47, // 46: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.BackfillNodeIPs:output_type -> headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse
-	48, // 47: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthRegister:output_type -> headscale.v1.AuthRegisterResponse
-	49, // 48: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthApprove:output_type -> headscale.v1.AuthApproveResponse
-	50, // 49: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.AuthReject:output_type -> headscale.v1.AuthRejectResponse
-	51, // 50: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateApiKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse
-	52, // 51: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireApiKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse
-	53, // 52: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListApiKeys:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListApiKeysResponse
-	54, // 53: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteApiKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyResponse
-	55, // 54: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetPolicy:output_type -> headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse
-	56, // 55: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetPolicy:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse
-	57, // 56: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CheckPolicy:output_type -> headscale.v1.CheckPolicyResponse
-	1,  // 57: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.Health:output_type -> headscale.v1.HealthResponse
-	29, // [29:58] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	0,  // [0:29] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	20, // 18: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateApiKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyRequest
+	21, // 19: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireApiKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyRequest
+	22, // 20: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListApiKeys:input_type -> headscale.v1.ListApiKeysRequest
+	23, // 21: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteApiKey:input_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyRequest
+	24, // 22: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetPolicy:input_type -> headscale.v1.GetPolicyRequest
+	25, // 23: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetPolicy:input_type -> headscale.v1.SetPolicyRequest
+	0,  // 24: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.Health:input_type -> headscale.v1.HealthRequest
+	26, // 25: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateUser:output_type -> headscale.v1.CreateUserResponse
+	27, // 26: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameUser:output_type -> headscale.v1.RenameUserResponse
+	28, // 27: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteUser:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteUserResponse
+	29, // 28: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListUsers:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListUsersResponse
+	30, // 29: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreatePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.CreatePreAuthKeyResponse
+	31, // 30: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpirePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpirePreAuthKeyResponse
+	32, // 31: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeletePreAuthKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeletePreAuthKeyResponse
+	33, // 32: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListPreAuthKeys:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListPreAuthKeysResponse
+	34, // 33: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DebugCreateNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.DebugCreateNodeResponse
+	35, // 34: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.GetNodeResponse
+	36, // 35: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetTags:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetTagsResponse
+	37, // 36: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetApprovedRoutes:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetApprovedRoutesResponse
+	38, // 37: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RegisterNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.RegisterNodeResponse
+	39, // 38: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteNodeResponse
+	40, // 39: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireNodeResponse
+	41, // 40: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.RenameNode:output_type -> headscale.v1.RenameNodeResponse
+	42, // 41: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListNodes:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListNodesResponse
+	43, // 42: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.BackfillNodeIPs:output_type -> headscale.v1.BackfillNodeIPsResponse
+	44, // 43: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.CreateApiKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.CreateApiKeyResponse
+	45, // 44: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ExpireApiKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.ExpireApiKeyResponse
+	46, // 45: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.ListApiKeys:output_type -> headscale.v1.ListApiKeysResponse
+	47, // 46: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.DeleteApiKey:output_type -> headscale.v1.DeleteApiKeyResponse
+	48, // 47: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.GetPolicy:output_type -> headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse
+	49, // 48: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.SetPolicy:output_type -> headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse
+	1,  // 49: headscale.v1.HeadscaleService.Health:output_type -> headscale.v1.HealthResponse
+	25, // [25:50] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	0,  // [0:25] is the sub-list for method input_type
 	0,  // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension type_name
 	0,  // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension extendee
 	0,  // [0:0] is the sub-list for field type_name
@@ -296,7 +275,6 @@ func file_headscale_v1_headscale_proto_init() {
 	file_headscale_v1_preauthkey_proto_init()
 	file_headscale_v1_node_proto_init()
 	file_headscale_v1_apikey_proto_init()
-	file_headscale_v1_auth_proto_init()
 	file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_init()
 	type x struct{}
 	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{

gen/go/headscale/v1/headscale.pb.gw.go

@@ -709,87 +709,6 @@ func local_request_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0(ctx context.Context, marsh
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
 
-func request_HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client HeadscaleServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
-	var (
-		protoReq AuthRegisterRequest
-		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
-	)
-	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	if req.Body != nil {
-		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
-	}
-	msg, err := client.AuthRegister(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
-	return msg, metadata, err
-}
-
-func local_request_HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server HeadscaleServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
-	var (
-		protoReq AuthRegisterRequest
-		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
-	)
-	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	msg, err := server.AuthRegister(ctx, &protoReq)
-	return msg, metadata, err
-}
-
-func request_HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client HeadscaleServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
-	var (
-		protoReq AuthApproveRequest
-		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
-	)
-	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	if req.Body != nil {
-		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
-	}
-	msg, err := client.AuthApprove(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
-	return msg, metadata, err
-}
-
-func local_request_HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server HeadscaleServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
-	var (
-		protoReq AuthApproveRequest
-		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
-	)
-	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	msg, err := server.AuthApprove(ctx, &protoReq)
-	return msg, metadata, err
-}
-
-func request_HeadscaleService_AuthReject_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client HeadscaleServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
-	var (
-		protoReq AuthRejectRequest
-		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
-	)
-	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	if req.Body != nil {
-		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
-	}
-	msg, err := client.AuthReject(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
-	return msg, metadata, err
-}
-
-func local_request_HeadscaleService_AuthReject_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server HeadscaleServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
-	var (
-		protoReq AuthRejectRequest
-		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
-	)
-	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	msg, err := server.AuthReject(ctx, &protoReq)
-	return msg, metadata, err
-}
-
 func request_HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client HeadscaleServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
 	var (
 		protoReq CreateApiKeyRequest
@@ -966,33 +885,6 @@ func local_request_HeadscaleService_SetPolicy_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler r
 	return msg, metadata, err
 }
 
-func request_HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client HeadscaleServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
-	var (
-		protoReq CheckPolicyRequest
-		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
-	)
-	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	if req.Body != nil {
-		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, req.Body)
-	}
-	msg, err := client.CheckPolicy(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
-	return msg, metadata, err
-}
-
-func local_request_HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server HeadscaleServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
-	var (
-		protoReq CheckPolicyRequest
-		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
-	)
-	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-	}
-	msg, err := server.CheckPolicy(ctx, &protoReq)
-	return msg, metadata, err
-}
-
 func request_HeadscaleService_Health_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client HeadscaleServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
 	var (
 		protoReq HealthRequest
@@ -1380,66 +1272,6 @@ func RegisterHeadscaleServiceHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.Ser
 		}
 		forward_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
 	})
-	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
-		defer cancel()
-		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
-		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
-		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
-		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/AuthRegister", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/auth/register"))
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		resp, md, err := local_request_HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
-		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
-		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		forward_HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
-	})
-	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
-		defer cancel()
-		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
-		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
-		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
-		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/AuthApprove", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/auth/approve"))
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		resp, md, err := local_request_HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
-		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
-		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		forward_HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
-	})
-	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_AuthReject_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
-		defer cancel()
-		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
-		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
-		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
-		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/AuthReject", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/auth/reject"))
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		resp, md, err := local_request_HeadscaleService_AuthReject_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
-		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
-		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		forward_HeadscaleService_AuthReject_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
-	})
 	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
 		defer cancel()
@@ -1560,26 +1392,6 @@ func RegisterHeadscaleServiceHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.Ser
 		}
 		forward_HeadscaleService_SetPolicy_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
 	})
-	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
-		defer cancel()
-		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
-		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
-		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
-		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/CheckPolicy", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/policy/check"))
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		resp, md, err := local_request_HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
-		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
-		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		forward_HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
-	})
 	mux.Handle(http.MethodGet, pattern_HeadscaleService_Health_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
 		defer cancel()
@@ -1946,57 +1758,6 @@ func RegisterHeadscaleServiceHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.Ser
 		}
 		forward_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
 	})
-	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
-		defer cancel()
-		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
-		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/AuthRegister", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/auth/register"))
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		resp, md, err := request_HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
-		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		forward_HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
-	})
-	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
-		defer cancel()
-		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
-		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/AuthApprove", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/auth/approve"))
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		resp, md, err := request_HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
-		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		forward_HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
-	})
-	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_AuthReject_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
-		defer cancel()
-		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
-		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/AuthReject", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/auth/reject"))
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		resp, md, err := request_HeadscaleService_AuthReject_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
-		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		forward_HeadscaleService_AuthReject_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
-	})
 	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
 		defer cancel()
@@ -2099,23 +1860,6 @@ func RegisterHeadscaleServiceHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.Ser
 		}
 		forward_HeadscaleService_SetPolicy_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
 	})
-	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
-		defer cancel()
-		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
-		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/CheckPolicy", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/api/v1/policy/check"))
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		resp, md, err := request_HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
-		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
-		if err != nil {
-			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
-			return
-		}
-		forward_HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
-	})
 	mux.Handle(http.MethodGet, pattern_HeadscaleService_Health_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
 		defer cancel()
@@ -2155,16 +1899,12 @@ var (
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_RenameNode_0        = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0, 4, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 1, 0, 4, 1, 5, 5}, []string{"api", "v1", "node", "node_id", "rename", "new_name"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_ListNodes_0         = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "node"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0   = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "node", "backfillips"}, ""))
-	pattern_HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_0      = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "auth", "register"}, ""))
-	pattern_HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_0       = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "auth", "approve"}, ""))
-	pattern_HeadscaleService_AuthReject_0        = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "auth", "reject"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_0      = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "apikey"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_ExpireApiKey_0      = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "apikey", "expire"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_ListApiKeys_0       = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "apikey"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_DeleteApiKey_0      = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0, 4, 1, 5, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "apikey", "prefix"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_GetPolicy_0         = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "policy"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_SetPolicy_0         = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "policy"}, ""))
-	pattern_HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_0       = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3}, []string{"api", "v1", "policy", "check"}, ""))
 	pattern_HeadscaleService_Health_0            = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 2}, []string{"api", "v1", "health"}, ""))
 )
 
@@ -2187,15 +1927,11 @@ var (
 	forward_HeadscaleService_RenameNode_0        = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_ListNodes_0         = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_0   = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
-	forward_HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_0      = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
-	forward_HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_0       = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
-	forward_HeadscaleService_AuthReject_0        = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_0      = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_ExpireApiKey_0      = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_ListApiKeys_0       = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_DeleteApiKey_0      = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_GetPolicy_0         = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_SetPolicy_0         = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
-	forward_HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_0       = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 	forward_HeadscaleService_Health_0            = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
 )

gen/go/headscale/v1/headscale_grpc.pb.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
 // versions:
-// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.6.1
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.6.0
 // - protoc             (unknown)
 // source: headscale/v1/headscale.proto
 
@@ -37,16 +37,12 @@ const (
 	HeadscaleService_RenameNode_FullMethodName        = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/RenameNode"
 	HeadscaleService_ListNodes_FullMethodName         = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/ListNodes"
 	HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_FullMethodName   = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/BackfillNodeIPs"
-	HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_FullMethodName      = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/AuthRegister"
-	HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_FullMethodName       = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/AuthApprove"
-	HeadscaleService_AuthReject_FullMethodName        = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/AuthReject"
 	HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_FullMethodName      = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/CreateApiKey"
 	HeadscaleService_ExpireApiKey_FullMethodName      = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/ExpireApiKey"
 	HeadscaleService_ListApiKeys_FullMethodName       = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/ListApiKeys"
 	HeadscaleService_DeleteApiKey_FullMethodName      = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/DeleteApiKey"
 	HeadscaleService_GetPolicy_FullMethodName         = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/GetPolicy"
 	HeadscaleService_SetPolicy_FullMethodName         = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/SetPolicy"
-	HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_FullMethodName       = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/CheckPolicy"
 	HeadscaleService_Health_FullMethodName            = "/headscale.v1.HeadscaleService/Health"
 )
 
@@ -75,10 +71,6 @@ type HeadscaleServiceClient interface {
 	RenameNode(ctx context.Context, in *RenameNodeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RenameNodeResponse, error)
 	ListNodes(ctx context.Context, in *ListNodesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListNodesResponse, error)
 	BackfillNodeIPs(ctx context.Context, in *BackfillNodeIPsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*BackfillNodeIPsResponse, error)
-	// --- Auth start ---
-	AuthRegister(ctx context.Context, in *AuthRegisterRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AuthRegisterResponse, error)
-	AuthApprove(ctx context.Context, in *AuthApproveRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AuthApproveResponse, error)
-	AuthReject(ctx context.Context, in *AuthRejectRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AuthRejectResponse, error)
 	// --- ApiKeys start ---
 	CreateApiKey(ctx context.Context, in *CreateApiKeyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CreateApiKeyResponse, error)
 	ExpireApiKey(ctx context.Context, in *ExpireApiKeyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ExpireApiKeyResponse, error)
@@ -87,7 +79,6 @@ type HeadscaleServiceClient interface {
 	// --- Policy start ---
 	GetPolicy(ctx context.Context, in *GetPolicyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetPolicyResponse, error)
 	SetPolicy(ctx context.Context, in *SetPolicyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SetPolicyResponse, error)
-	CheckPolicy(ctx context.Context, in *CheckPolicyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CheckPolicyResponse, error)
 	// --- Health start ---
 	Health(ctx context.Context, in *HealthRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*HealthResponse, error)
 }
@@ -280,36 +271,6 @@ func (c *headscaleServiceClient) BackfillNodeIPs(ctx context.Context, in *Backfi
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-func (c *headscaleServiceClient) AuthRegister(ctx context.Context, in *AuthRegisterRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AuthRegisterResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(AuthRegisterResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *headscaleServiceClient) AuthApprove(ctx context.Context, in *AuthApproveRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AuthApproveResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(AuthApproveResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *headscaleServiceClient) AuthReject(ctx context.Context, in *AuthRejectRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AuthRejectResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(AuthRejectResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HeadscaleService_AuthReject_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
 func (c *headscaleServiceClient) CreateApiKey(ctx context.Context, in *CreateApiKeyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CreateApiKeyResponse, error) {
 	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(CreateApiKeyResponse)
@@ -370,16 +331,6 @@ func (c *headscaleServiceClient) SetPolicy(ctx context.Context, in *SetPolicyReq
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-func (c *headscaleServiceClient) CheckPolicy(ctx context.Context, in *CheckPolicyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CheckPolicyResponse, error) {
-	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(CheckPolicyResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
 func (c *headscaleServiceClient) Health(ctx context.Context, in *HealthRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*HealthResponse, error) {
 	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(HealthResponse)
@@ -415,10 +366,6 @@ type HeadscaleServiceServer interface {
 	RenameNode(context.Context, *RenameNodeRequest) (*RenameNodeResponse, error)
 	ListNodes(context.Context, *ListNodesRequest) (*ListNodesResponse, error)
 	BackfillNodeIPs(context.Context, *BackfillNodeIPsRequest) (*BackfillNodeIPsResponse, error)
-	// --- Auth start ---
-	AuthRegister(context.Context, *AuthRegisterRequest) (*AuthRegisterResponse, error)
-	AuthApprove(context.Context, *AuthApproveRequest) (*AuthApproveResponse, error)
-	AuthReject(context.Context, *AuthRejectRequest) (*AuthRejectResponse, error)
 	// --- ApiKeys start ---
 	CreateApiKey(context.Context, *CreateApiKeyRequest) (*CreateApiKeyResponse, error)
 	ExpireApiKey(context.Context, *ExpireApiKeyRequest) (*ExpireApiKeyResponse, error)
@@ -427,7 +374,6 @@ type HeadscaleServiceServer interface {
 	// --- Policy start ---
 	GetPolicy(context.Context, *GetPolicyRequest) (*GetPolicyResponse, error)
 	SetPolicy(context.Context, *SetPolicyRequest) (*SetPolicyResponse, error)
-	CheckPolicy(context.Context, *CheckPolicyRequest) (*CheckPolicyResponse, error)
 	// --- Health start ---
 	Health(context.Context, *HealthRequest) (*HealthResponse, error)
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer()
@@ -494,15 +440,6 @@ func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) ListNodes(context.Context, *ListNodes
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) BackfillNodeIPs(context.Context, *BackfillNodeIPsRequest) (*BackfillNodeIPsResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method BackfillNodeIPs not implemented")
 }
-func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) AuthRegister(context.Context, *AuthRegisterRequest) (*AuthRegisterResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method AuthRegister not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) AuthApprove(context.Context, *AuthApproveRequest) (*AuthApproveResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method AuthApprove not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) AuthReject(context.Context, *AuthRejectRequest) (*AuthRejectResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method AuthReject not implemented")
-}
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) CreateApiKey(context.Context, *CreateApiKeyRequest) (*CreateApiKeyResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method CreateApiKey not implemented")
 }
@@ -521,9 +458,6 @@ func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) GetPolicy(context.Context, *GetPolicy
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) SetPolicy(context.Context, *SetPolicyRequest) (*SetPolicyResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetPolicy not implemented")
 }
-func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) CheckPolicy(context.Context, *CheckPolicyRequest) (*CheckPolicyResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method CheckPolicy not implemented")
-}
 func (UnimplementedHeadscaleServiceServer) Health(context.Context, *HealthRequest) (*HealthResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method Health not implemented")
 }
@@ -872,60 +806,6 @@ func _HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Cont
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
-func _HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(AuthRegisterRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).AuthRegister(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).AuthRegister(ctx, req.(*AuthRegisterRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-func _HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(AuthApproveRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).AuthApprove(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).AuthApprove(ctx, req.(*AuthApproveRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
-func _HeadscaleService_AuthReject_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(AuthRejectRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).AuthReject(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: HeadscaleService_AuthReject_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).AuthReject(ctx, req.(*AuthRejectRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
 func _HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(CreateApiKeyRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -1034,24 +914,6 @@ func _HeadscaleService_SetPolicy_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, d
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
-func _HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(CheckPolicyRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).CheckPolicy(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_FullMethodName,
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(HeadscaleServiceServer).CheckPolicy(ctx, req.(*CheckPolicyRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
 func _HeadscaleService_Health_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(HealthRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -1149,18 +1011,6 @@ var HeadscaleService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "BackfillNodeIPs",
 			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_BackfillNodeIPs_Handler,
 		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "AuthRegister",
-			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_AuthRegister_Handler,
-		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "AuthApprove",
-			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_AuthApprove_Handler,
-		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "AuthReject",
-			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_AuthReject_Handler,
-		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "CreateApiKey",
 			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_CreateApiKey_Handler,
@@ -1185,10 +1035,6 @@ var HeadscaleService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "SetPolicy",
 			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_SetPolicy_Handler,
 		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "CheckPolicy",
-			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy_Handler,
-		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "Health",
 			Handler:    _HeadscaleService_Health_Handler,

gen/go/headscale/v1/node.pb.go

@@ -715,11 +715,9 @@ func (*DeleteNodeResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 }
 
 type ExpireNodeRequest struct {
-	state  protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	NodeId uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=node_id,json=nodeId,proto3" json:"node_id,omitempty"`
-	Expiry *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=expiry,proto3" json:"expiry,omitempty"`
-	// When true, sets expiry to null (node will never expire).
-	DisableExpiry bool `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=disable_expiry,json=disableExpiry,proto3" json:"disable_expiry,omitempty"`
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	NodeId        uint64                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=node_id,json=nodeId,proto3" json:"node_id,omitempty"`
+	Expiry        *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=expiry,proto3" json:"expiry,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -768,13 +766,6 @@ func (x *ExpireNodeRequest) GetExpiry() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (x *ExpireNodeRequest) GetDisableExpiry() bool {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.DisableExpiry
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 type ExpireNodeResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	Node          *Node                  `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=node,proto3" json:"node,omitempty"`
@@ -1254,11 +1245,10 @@ const file_headscale_v1_node_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x04node\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x12.headscale.v1.NodeR\x04node\",\n" +
 	"\x11DeleteNodeRequest\x12\x17\n" +
 	"\anode_id\x18\x01 \x01(\x04R\x06nodeId\"\x14\n" +
-	"\x12DeleteNodeResponse\"\x87\x01\n" +
+	"\x12DeleteNodeResponse\"`\n" +
 	"\x11ExpireNodeRequest\x12\x17\n" +
 	"\anode_id\x18\x01 \x01(\x04R\x06nodeId\x122\n" +
-	"\x06expiry\x18\x02 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\x06expiry\x12%\n" +
-	"\x0edisable_expiry\x18\x03 \x01(\bR\rdisableExpiry\"<\n" +
+	"\x06expiry\x18\x02 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\x06expiry\"<\n" +
 	"\x12ExpireNodeResponse\x12&\n" +
 	"\x04node\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x12.headscale.v1.NodeR\x04node\"G\n" +
 	"\x11RenameNodeRequest\x12\x17\n" +

gen/go/headscale/v1/policy.pb.go

@@ -206,86 +206,6 @@ func (x *GetPolicyResponse) GetUpdatedAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
 	return nil
 }
 
-type CheckPolicyRequest struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	Policy        string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=policy,proto3" json:"policy,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *CheckPolicyRequest) Reset() {
-	*x = CheckPolicyRequest{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[4]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *CheckPolicyRequest) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*CheckPolicyRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *CheckPolicyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[4]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use CheckPolicyRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*CheckPolicyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
-}
-
-func (x *CheckPolicyRequest) GetPolicy() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Policy
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-type CheckPolicyResponse struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *CheckPolicyResponse) Reset() {
-	*x = CheckPolicyResponse{}
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[5]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *CheckPolicyResponse) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*CheckPolicyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *CheckPolicyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes[5]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use CheckPolicyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*CheckPolicyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
-}
-
 var File_headscale_v1_policy_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
 
 const file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDesc = "" +
@@ -301,10 +221,7 @@ const file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x11GetPolicyResponse\x12\x16\n" +
 	"\x06policy\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06policy\x129\n" +
 	"\n" +
-	"updated_at\x18\x02 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\tupdatedAt\",\n" +
-	"\x12CheckPolicyRequest\x12\x16\n" +
-	"\x06policy\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06policy\"\x15\n" +
-	"\x13CheckPolicyResponseB)Z'github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/v1b\x06proto3"
+	"updated_at\x18\x02 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\tupdatedAtB)Z'github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/v1b\x06proto3"
 
 var (
 	file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
@@ -318,19 +235,17 @@ func file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 	return file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDescData
 }
 
-var file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 6)
+var file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 4)
 var file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(*SetPolicyRequest)(nil),      // 0: headscale.v1.SetPolicyRequest
 	(*SetPolicyResponse)(nil),     // 1: headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse
 	(*GetPolicyRequest)(nil),      // 2: headscale.v1.GetPolicyRequest
 	(*GetPolicyResponse)(nil),     // 3: headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse
-	(*CheckPolicyRequest)(nil),    // 4: headscale.v1.CheckPolicyRequest
-	(*CheckPolicyResponse)(nil),   // 5: headscale.v1.CheckPolicyResponse
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil), // 6: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil), // 4: google.protobuf.Timestamp
 }
 var file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	6, // 0: headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse.updated_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	6, // 1: headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse.updated_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	4, // 0: headscale.v1.SetPolicyResponse.updated_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	4, // 1: headscale.v1.GetPolicyResponse.updated_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
 	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for method output_type
 	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for method input_type
 	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for extension type_name
@@ -349,7 +264,7 @@ func file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDesc), len(file_headscale_v1_policy_proto_rawDesc)),
 			NumEnums:      0,
-			NumMessages:   6,
+			NumMessages:   4,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   0,
 		},

gen/openapiv2/headscale/v1/auth.swagger.json

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "swagger": "2.0",
-  "info": {
-    "title": "headscale/v1/auth.proto",
-    "version": "version not set"
-  },
-  "consumes": [
-    "application/json"
-  ],
-  "produces": [
-    "application/json"
-  ],
-  "paths": {},
-  "definitions": {
-    "protobufAny": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "@type": {
-          "type": "string"
-        }
-      },
-      "additionalProperties": {}
-    },
-    "rpcStatus": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "code": {
-          "type": "integer",
-          "format": "int32"
-        },
-        "message": {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        "details": {
-          "type": "array",
-          "items": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "$ref": "#/definitions/protobufAny"
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}

gen/openapiv2/headscale/v1/headscale.swagger.json

@@ -138,103 +138,6 @@
         ]
       }
     },
-    "/api/v1/auth/approve": {
-      "post": {
-        "operationId": "HeadscaleService_AuthApprove",
-        "responses": {
-          "200": {
-            "description": "A successful response.",
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/v1AuthApproveResponse"
-            }
-          },
-          "default": {
-            "description": "An unexpected error response.",
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/rpcStatus"
-            }
-          }
-        },
-        "parameters": [
-          {
-            "name": "body",
-            "in": "body",
-            "required": true,
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/v1AuthApproveRequest"
-            }
-          }
-        ],
-        "tags": [
-          "HeadscaleService"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
-    "/api/v1/auth/register": {
-      "post": {
-        "summary": "--- Auth start ---",
-        "operationId": "HeadscaleService_AuthRegister",
-        "responses": {
-          "200": {
-            "description": "A successful response.",
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/v1AuthRegisterResponse"
-            }
-          },
-          "default": {
-            "description": "An unexpected error response.",
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/rpcStatus"
-            }
-          }
-        },
-        "parameters": [
-          {
-            "name": "body",
-            "in": "body",
-            "required": true,
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/v1AuthRegisterRequest"
-            }
-          }
-        ],
-        "tags": [
-          "HeadscaleService"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
-    "/api/v1/auth/reject": {
-      "post": {
-        "operationId": "HeadscaleService_AuthReject",
-        "responses": {
-          "200": {
-            "description": "A successful response.",
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/v1AuthRejectResponse"
-            }
-          },
-          "default": {
-            "description": "An unexpected error response.",
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/rpcStatus"
-            }
-          }
-        },
-        "parameters": [
-          {
-            "name": "body",
-            "in": "body",
-            "required": true,
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/v1AuthRejectRequest"
-            }
-          }
-        ],
-        "tags": [
-          "HeadscaleService"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
     "/api/v1/debug/node": {
       "post": {
         "summary": "--- Node start ---",
@@ -517,13 +420,6 @@
             "required": false,
             "type": "string",
             "format": "date-time"
-          },
-          {
-            "name": "disableExpiry",
-            "description": "When true, sets expiry to null (node will never expire).",
-            "in": "query",
-            "required": false,
-            "type": "boolean"
           }
         ],
         "tags": [
@@ -660,38 +556,6 @@
         ]
       }
     },
-    "/api/v1/policy/check": {
-      "post": {
-        "operationId": "HeadscaleService_CheckPolicy",
-        "responses": {
-          "200": {
-            "description": "A successful response.",
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/v1CheckPolicyResponse"
-            }
-          },
-          "default": {
-            "description": "An unexpected error response.",
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/rpcStatus"
-            }
-          }
-        },
-        "parameters": [
-          {
-            "name": "body",
-            "in": "body",
-            "required": true,
-            "schema": {
-              "$ref": "#/definitions/v1CheckPolicyRequest"
-            }
-          }
-        ],
-        "tags": [
-          "HeadscaleService"
-        ]
-      }
-    },
     "/api/v1/preauthkey": {
       "get": {
         "operationId": "HeadscaleService_ListPreAuthKeys",
@@ -1024,47 +888,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "v1AuthApproveRequest": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "authId": {
-          "type": "string"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "v1AuthApproveResponse": {
-      "type": "object"
-    },
-    "v1AuthRegisterRequest": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "user": {
-          "type": "string"
-        },
-        "authId": {
-          "type": "string"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "v1AuthRegisterResponse": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "node": {
-          "$ref": "#/definitions/v1Node"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "v1AuthRejectRequest": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "authId": {
-          "type": "string"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "v1AuthRejectResponse": {
-      "type": "object"
-    },
     "v1BackfillNodeIPsResponse": {
       "type": "object",
       "properties": {
@@ -1076,17 +899,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    "v1CheckPolicyRequest": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "policy": {
-          "type": "string"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    "v1CheckPolicyResponse": {
-      "type": "object"
-    },
     "v1CreateApiKeyRequest": {
       "type": "object",
       "properties": {

go.mod

@@ -1,28 +1,25 @@
 module github.com/juanfont/headscale
 
-go 1.26.1
+go 1.25.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/arl/statsviz v0.8.0
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3
 	github.com/chasefleming/elem-go v0.31.0
 	github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.14
-	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.18.0
-	github.com/creachadair/command v0.2.2
+	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.17.0
+	github.com/creachadair/command v0.2.0
 	github.com/creachadair/flax v0.0.5
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc
 	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.2+incompatible
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0
 	github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0
-	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.2.5
-	github.com/go-chi/metrics v0.1.1
 	github.com/go-gormigrate/gormigrate/v2 v2.1.5
-	github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260214004413-d219187c3433
+	github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20251027170946-4849db3c2f7e
 	github.com/gofrs/uuid/v5 v5.4.0
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.28.0
-	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.7
 	github.com/jagottsicher/termcolor v1.0.2
 	github.com/oauth2-proxy/mockoidc v0.0.0-20240214162133-caebfff84d25
 	github.com/ory/dockertest/v3 v3.12.0
@@ -30,32 +27,32 @@ require (
 	github.com/pkg/profile v1.7.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.5
-	github.com/pterm/pterm v0.12.83
+	github.com/pterm/pterm v0.12.82
 	github.com/puzpuzpuz/xsync/v4 v4.4.0
-	github.com/rs/zerolog v1.35.0
-	github.com/samber/lo v1.53.0
-	github.com/sasha-s/go-deadlock v0.3.9
+	github.com/rs/zerolog v1.34.0
+	github.com/samber/lo v1.52.0
+	github.com/sasha-s/go-deadlock v0.3.6
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.21.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
-	github.com/tailscale/hujson v0.0.0-20260302212456-ecc657c15afd
-	github.com/tailscale/squibble v0.0.0-20260303070345-3ac5157f405e
-	github.com/tailscale/tailsql v0.0.0-20260322172246-3ab0c1744d9c
+	github.com/tailscale/hujson v0.0.0-20250605163823-992244df8c5a
+	github.com/tailscale/squibble v0.0.0-20251104223530-a961feffb67f
+	github.com/tailscale/tailsql v0.0.0-20260105194658-001575c3ca09
 	github.com/tcnksm/go-latest v0.0.0-20170313132115-e3007ae9052e
 	go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20260312153236-7ab1446f8b90
-	golang.org/x/net v0.52.0
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.80.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.47.0
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20260112195511-716be5621a96
+	golang.org/x/net v0.49.0
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.34.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260203192932-546029d2fa20
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.78.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.6.0
 	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1
-	pgregory.net/rapid v1.2.0
-	tailscale.com v1.96.5
+	tailscale.com v1.94.1
+	zgo.at/zcache/v2 v2.4.1
 	zombiezen.com/go/postgrestest v1.0.1
 )
 
@@ -77,10 +74,10 @@ require (
 // together, e.g:
 // go get modernc.org/libc@v1.55.3 modernc.org/sqlite@v1.33.1
 require (
-	modernc.org/libc v1.70.0 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.67.6 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 // indirect
-	modernc.org/sqlite v1.48.2
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.44.3
 )
 
 // NOTE: gvisor must be updated in lockstep with
@@ -89,22 +86,19 @@ require (
 // To find the correct version, check tailscale.com's
 // go.mod file for the gvisor.dev/gvisor version:
 // https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/blob/main/go.mod
-require gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20260224225140-573d5e7127a8 // indirect
+require gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250205023644-9414b50a5633 // indirect
 
 require (
 	atomicgo.dev/cursor v0.2.0 // indirect
 	atomicgo.dev/keyboard v0.2.9 // indirect
 	atomicgo.dev/schedule v0.1.0 // indirect
 	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2 // indirect
-	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 // indirect
-	fyne.io/systray v1.11.1-0.20250812065214-4856ac3adc3c // indirect
+	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c // indirect
-	github.com/Kodeworks/golang-image-ico v0.0.0-20141118225523-73f0f4cfade9 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/Nvveen/Gotty v0.0.0-20120604004816-cd527374f1e5 // indirect
 	github.com/akutz/memconn v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20250919150558-7d374ff0d59e // indirect
-	github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.1 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.7 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.7 // indirect
@@ -115,7 +109,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.4 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.17 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssm v1.45.0 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.9 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.13 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.6 // indirect
@@ -124,12 +117,13 @@ require (
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/clipperhouse/stringish v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/console v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.4.5 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/creachadair/mds v0.26.2 // indirect
+	github.com/creachadair/mds v0.25.15 // indirect
 	github.com/creachadair/msync v0.8.2 // indirect
 	github.com/dblohm7/wingoes v0.0.0-20250822163801-6d8e6105c62d // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-metro v0.0.0-20250106013310-edb8663e5e33 // indirect
@@ -140,18 +134,16 @@ require (
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/fgprof v0.9.5 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/fogleman/gg v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.26.1 // indirect
 	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/freetype v0.0.0-20170609003504-e2365dfdc4a0 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20241129210726-2c02b8208cf8 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.3 // indirect
@@ -172,16 +164,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
-	github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/kamstrup/intmap v0.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.3 // indirect
 	github.com/lib/pq v1.11.1 // indirect
 	github.com/lithammer/fuzzysearch v1.1.8 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.20 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.19 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -198,7 +188,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/peterbourgon/ff/v3 v3.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/petermattis/goid v0.0.0-20260113132338-7c7de50cc741 // indirect
 	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.9.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
@@ -210,7 +199,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/safchain/ethtool v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4 // indirect
-	github.com/skip2/go-qrcode v0.0.0-20200617195104-da1b6568686e // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.15.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10 // indirect
@@ -221,7 +209,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/tailscale/setec v0.0.0-20260115174028-19d190c5556d // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/web-client-prebuilt v0.0.0-20251127225136-f19339b67368 // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20250716170648-1d0488a3d7da // indirect
-	github.com/toqueteos/webbrowser v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
@@ -236,25 +223,18 @@ require (
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
 	go4.org/mem v0.0.0-20240501181205-ae6ca9944745 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/image v0.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.35.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.43.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.42.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.36.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.43.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.32.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/term v0.39.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.33.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.14.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.41.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9 // indirect
-	k8s.io/client-go v0.34.0 // indirect
-	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0 // indirect
-	software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.4.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260203192932-546029d2fa20 // indirect
 )
 
 tool (
-	golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stress
 	golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer
-	tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale
 	tailscale.com/cmd/viewer
-	tailscale.com/tstest/mts
 )

go.sum

@@ -10,18 +10,14 @@ atomicgo.dev/schedule v0.1.0 h1:nTthAbhZS5YZmgYbb2+DH8uQIZcTlIrd4eYr3UQxEjs=
 atomicgo.dev/schedule v0.1.0/go.mod h1:xeUa3oAkiuHYh8bKiQBRojqAMq3PXXbJujjb0hw8pEU=
 dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2 h1:85+piFYR1tMbRrLcDwR18y4UKJ3aH1Tbzi24VRW1TK8=
 dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2/go.mod h1:E/hbnu0NxMFBjpMIE34DRGLWqDy0g5FuKDhCb31ngxA=
-filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 h1:crnVqOiS4jqYleHd9vaKZ+HKtHfllngJIiOpNpoJsjo=
-filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0/go.mod h1:xzAOLCNug/yB62zG1bQ8uziwrIqIuxhctzJT18Q77mc=
+filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 h1:FNf4tywRC1HmFuKW5xopWpigGjJKiJSV0Cqo0cJWDaA=
+filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:BxyFTGdWcka3PhytdK4V28tE5sGfRvvvRV7EaN4VDT4=
 filippo.io/mkcert v1.4.4 h1:8eVbbwfVlaqUM7OwuftKc2nuYOoTDQWqsoXmzoXZdbc=
 filippo.io/mkcert v1.4.4/go.mod h1:VyvOchVuAye3BoUsPUOOofKygVwLV2KQMVFJNRq+1dA=
-fyne.io/systray v1.11.1-0.20250812065214-4856ac3adc3c h1:km4PIleGtbbF1oxmFQuO93CyNCldwuRTPB8WlzNWNZs=
-fyne.io/systray v1.11.1-0.20250812065214-4856ac3adc3c/go.mod h1:RVwqP9nYMo7h5zViCBHri2FgjXF7H2cub7MAq4NSoLs=
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c h1:udKWzYgxTojEKWjV8V+WSxDXJ4NFATAsZjh8iIbsQIg=
 github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0 h1:W5quZX/G/csjUnuI8SUYlsHs9M38FC7znL0lIO+DvMg=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
-github.com/Kodeworks/golang-image-ico v0.0.0-20141118225523-73f0f4cfade9 h1:1ltqoej5GtaWF8jaiA49HwsZD459jqm9YFz9ZtMFpQA=
-github.com/Kodeworks/golang-image-ico v0.0.0-20141118225523-73f0f4cfade9/go.mod h1:7uhhqiBaR4CpN0k9rMjOtjpcfGd6DG2m04zQxKnWQ0I=
 github.com/MarvinJWendt/testza v0.1.0/go.mod h1:7AxNvlfeHP7Z/hDQ5JtE3OKYT3XFUeLCDE2DQninSqs=
 github.com/MarvinJWendt/testza v0.2.1/go.mod h1:God7bhG8n6uQxwdScay+gjm9/LnO4D3kkcZX4hv9Rp8=
 github.com/MarvinJWendt/testza v0.2.8/go.mod h1:nwIcjmr0Zz+Rcwfh3/4UhBp7ePKVhuBExvZqnKYWlII=
@@ -44,8 +40,6 @@ github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20200514113438-38f4b401e2be/go.mod h1:ySMOLuW
 github.com/arl/statsviz v0.8.0 h1:O6GjjVxEDxcByAucOSl29HaGYLXsuwA3ujJw8H9E7/U=
 github.com/arl/statsviz v0.8.0/go.mod h1:XlrbiT7xYT03xaW9JMMfD8KFUhBOESJwfyNJu83PbB0=
 github.com/atomicgo/cursor v0.0.1/go.mod h1:cBON2QmmrysudxNBFthvMtN32r3jxVRIvzkUiF/RuIk=
-github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4 h1:EH0zSVneZPSuFR11BlR9YppQTVDbh5+16AmcJi4g1z4=
-github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4/go.mod h1:ZY9tmq7sm5xIbd9bOK4onWV4S6X0u6GY7Vn0Yu86PYI=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.1 h1:ABlyEARCDLN034NhxlRUSZr4l71mh+T5KAeGh6cerhU=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.1/go.mod h1:MayyLB8y+buD9hZqkCW3kX1AKq07Y5pXxtgB+rRFhz0=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.4 h1:489krEF9xIGkOaaX3CE/Be2uWjiXrkCH6gUX+bZA/BU=
@@ -109,8 +103,10 @@ github.com/chzyer/test v0.0.0-20180213035817-a1ea475d72b1/go.mod h1:Q3SI9o4m/ZMn
 github.com/chzyer/test v1.0.0/go.mod h1:2JlltgoNkt4TW/z9V/IzDdFaMTM2JPIi26O1pF38GC8=
 github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.17.3 h1:FnP4r16PWYSE4ux6zN+//jMcW4nMVRvuTLVTvCjyyjg=
 github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.17.3/go.mod h1:G5EDHij8yiLzaqn0WjyfJHvRa+3aDlReIaLVRMvOyJk=
-github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.7.0 h1:+gs4oBZ2gPfVrKPthwbMzWZDaAFPGYK72F0NJv2v7Vk=
-github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.7.0/go.mod h1:EFJ2TJMRUaplDxHKj1qAEhCtQPW2tJSwu5BF98AuoVM=
+github.com/clipperhouse/stringish v0.1.1 h1:+NSqMOr3GR6k1FdRhhnXrLfztGzuG+VuFDfatpWHKCs=
+github.com/clipperhouse/stringish v0.1.1/go.mod h1:v/WhFtE1q0ovMta2+m+UbpZ+2/HEXNWYXQgCt4hdOzA=
+github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.5.0 h1:x7T0T4eTHDONxFJsL94uKNKPHrclyFI0lm7+w94cO8U=
+github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.5.0/go.mod h1:Wn1g7MK6OoeDT0vL+Q0SQLDz/KpfsVRgg6W7ihQeh4g=
 github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.14 h1:9L0p0iKiNOibykf283eHkKUHHrpG7f65OE3BhhO7v9g=
 github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.14/go.mod h1:NX3SzP+inril6yawo5CQXx8+fk145lPDC6pumgx0mVg=
 github.com/containerd/console v1.0.3/go.mod h1:7LqA/THxQ86k76b8c/EMSiaJ3h1eZkMkXar0TQ1gf3U=
@@ -126,15 +122,16 @@ github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 h1:TCJt7ioM2cr/tfR8GPbGf9/VRAX8D2B4PjzCpfX540I=
 github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:VRRf09a7mHDIRezVKTRCrOq78v577GXq3bSa3EhrzVo=
 github.com/coreos/go-iptables v0.7.1-0.20240112124308-65c67c9f46e6 h1:8h5+bWd7R6AYUslN6c6iuZWTKsKxUFDlpnmilO6R2n0=
 github.com/coreos/go-iptables v0.7.1-0.20240112124308-65c67c9f46e6/go.mod h1:Qe8Bv2Xik5FyTXwgIbLAnv2sWSBmvWdFETJConOQ//Q=
-github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.18.0 h1:V9orjXynvu5wiC9SemFTWnG4F45v403aIcjWo0d41+A=
-github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.18.0/go.mod h1:DYCf24+ncYi+XkIH97GY1+dqoRlbaSI26KVTCI9SrY4=
+github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.17.0 h1:hWBGaQfbi0iVviX4ibC7bk8OKT5qNr4klBaCHVNvehc=
+github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.17.0/go.mod h1:wqPbKFrVnE90vty060SB40FCJ8fTHTxSwyXJqZH+sI8=
+github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSVTIJ3seZv2GcEnc=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6/go.mod h1:oOW0eioCTA6cOiMLiUPZOpcVxMig6NIQQ7OS05n1F4g=
-github.com/creachadair/command v0.2.2 h1:4RGsUhqFf1imFC+vMWOOCiQdncThCdcdMJp0JNCjxxc=
-github.com/creachadair/command v0.2.2/go.mod h1:Z6Zp6CSJcnaWWR4wHgdqzODnFdxFJAaa/DrcVkeUu3E=
+github.com/creachadair/command v0.2.0 h1:qTA9cMMhZePAxFoNdnk6F6nn94s1qPndIg9hJbqI9cA=
+github.com/creachadair/command v0.2.0/go.mod h1:j+Ar+uYnFsHpkMeV9kGj6lJ45y9u2xqtg8FYy6cm+0o=
 github.com/creachadair/flax v0.0.5 h1:zt+CRuXQASxwQ68e9GHAOnEgAU29nF0zYMHOCrL5wzE=
 github.com/creachadair/flax v0.0.5/go.mod h1:F1PML0JZLXSNDMNiRGK2yjm5f+L9QCHchyHBldFymj8=
-github.com/creachadair/mds v0.26.2 h1:rCtvEV/bCRY0hGfwvvMg0p3yzKgBE8l/9OV4fjF9QQ8=
-github.com/creachadair/mds v0.26.2/go.mod h1:dMBTCSy3iS3dwh4Rb1zxeZz2d7K8+N24GCTsayWtQRI=
+github.com/creachadair/mds v0.25.15 h1:i8CUqtfgbCqbvZ++L7lm8No3cOeic9YKF4vHEvEoj+Y=
+github.com/creachadair/mds v0.25.15/go.mod h1:XtMfRW15sjd1iOi1Z1k+dq0pRsR5xPbulpoTrpyhk8w=
 github.com/creachadair/msync v0.8.2 h1:ujvc/SVJPn+bFwmjUHucXNTTn3opVe2YbQ46mBCnP08=
 github.com/creachadair/msync v0.8.2/go.mod h1:LzxqD9kfIl/O3DczkwOgJplLPqwrTbIhINlf9bHIsEY=
 github.com/creachadair/taskgroup v0.13.2 h1:3KyqakBuFsm3KkXi/9XIb0QcA8tEzLHLgaoidf0MdVc=
@@ -170,8 +167,6 @@ github.com/felixge/fgprof v0.9.5 h1:8+vR6yu2vvSKn08urWyEuxx75NWPEvybbkBirEpsbVY=
 github.com/felixge/fgprof v0.9.5/go.mod h1:yKl+ERSa++RYOs32d8K6WEXCB4uXdLls4ZaZPpayhMM=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2Wg=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4/go.mod h1:m8KPJKqk1gH5J9DgRY2ASl2lWCfGKXixSwevea8zH2U=
-github.com/fogleman/gg v1.3.0 h1:/7zJX8F6AaYQc57WQCyN9cAIz+4bCJGO9B+dyW29am8=
-github.com/fogleman/gg v1.3.0/go.mod h1:R/bRT+9gY/C5z7JzPU0zXsXHKM4/ayA+zqcVNZzPa1k=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6 h1:7Xjx+VpznH+oBnejlPUj8oUpdxnVs4f8XU8WnHkI4W8=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6/go.mod h1:4ptaffx2x8+WTWXmUCuVU6aPUX1/Mz7zb5vbUoiM6w0=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0 h1:2Ml+OJNzbYCTzsxtv8vKSFD9PbJjmhYF14k/jKC7S9k=
@@ -186,18 +181,14 @@ github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0 h1:uAcMJhaA6r3LHMTFgP0SifzgXg46yJkgxqyuyec
 github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.22.0/go.mod h1:PlBIdHe0+aUEFn+r2/uthrWq4FxbzugL0L8Li6yQJbc=
 github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0 h1:wSG0irqzP6VurnMEpFGer5Li19RpIRi2qvQz++w0GMw=
 github.com/glebarez/sqlite v1.11.0/go.mod h1:h8/o8j5wiAsqSPoWELDUdJXhjAhsVliSn7bWZjOhrgQ=
-github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.2.5 h1:Eg4myHZBjyvJmAFjFvWgrqDTXFyOzjj7YIm3L3mu6Ug=
-github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.2.5/go.mod h1:X7Gx4mteadT3eDOMTsXzmI4/rwUpOwBHLpAfupzFJP0=
-github.com/go-chi/metrics v0.1.1 h1:CXhbnkAVVjb0k73EBRQ6Z2YdWFnbXZgNtg1Mboguibk=
-github.com/go-chi/metrics v0.1.1/go.mod h1:mcGTM1pPalP7WCtb+akNYFO/lwNwBBLCuedepqjoPn4=
 github.com/go-gormigrate/gormigrate/v2 v2.1.5 h1:1OyorA5LtdQw12cyJDEHuTrEV3GiXiIhS4/QTTa/SM8=
 github.com/go-gormigrate/gormigrate/v2 v2.1.5/go.mod h1:mj9ekk/7CPF3VjopaFvWKN2v7fN3D9d3eEOAXRhi/+M=
 github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.4 h1:Wp5HA7bLQcKnf6YYao/4kpRpVMp/yf6+pJKV8WFSaNY=
 github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v3 v3.0.4/go.mod h1:5b+7YgP7ZICgJDBdfjZaIt+H/9L9T/YQrVfLAMboGkQ=
-github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 h1:moDMcTHmvE6Groj34emNPLs/qtYXRVcd6S7NHbHz3kA=
-github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4/go.mod h1:x4oUasVrzR7071A4TnHLGSPpNOm2a21K9Kf04k1rs08=
-github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260214004413-d219187c3433 h1:vymEbVwYFP/L05h5TKQxvkXoKxNvTpjxYKdF1Nlwuao=
-github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260214004413-d219187c3433/go.mod h1:tphK2c80bpPhMOI4v6bIc2xWywPfbqi1Z06+RcrMkDg=
+github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.3 h1:CVLmWDhDVRa6Mi/IgCgaopNosCaHz7zrMeF9MlZRkrs=
+github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.3/go.mod h1:x4oUasVrzR7071A4TnHLGSPpNOm2a21K9Kf04k1rs08=
+github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20251027170946-4849db3c2f7e h1:Lf/gRkoycfOBPa42vU2bbgPurFong6zXeFtPoxholzU=
+github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20251027170946-4849db3c2f7e/go.mod h1:uNVvRXArCGbZ508SxYYTC5v1JWoz2voff5pm25jU1Ok=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 h1:CjnDlHq8ikf6E492q6eKboGOC0T8CDaOvkHCIg8idEI=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
@@ -214,14 +205,13 @@ github.com/go4org/plan9netshell v0.0.0-20250324183649-788daa080737/go.mod h1:MIS
 github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.1.0/go.mod h1:O/RXo79gxV8G+RqlR/otEwx4Q36zl9rqC5u12GKvMCM=
 github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.1/go.mod h1:q8bcK0KcYlCgd9e7WYLm9LpyS+YeLd8JVDW6WezmKEw=
 github.com/gobwas/ws v1.2.1/go.mod h1:hRKAFb8wOxFROYNsT1bqfWnhX+b5MFeJM9r2ZSwg/KY=
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@@ -258,10 +248,11 @@ github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 h1:TuBL49tXwgrFYWhqrNgrUNEY92u81SPhu7sTdzQEiWY=
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@@ -294,15 +285,11 @@ github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 h1:/o9tlHleP7gOFmsnYNz3RGnqzefHA47wQpKrrdTIwXQ=
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@@ -330,13 +317,16 @@ github.com/lib/pq v1.11.1/go.mod h1:/p+8NSbOcwzAEI7wiMXFlgydTwcgTr3OSKMsD2BitpA=
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@@ -384,15 +374,13 @@ github.com/ory/dockertest/v3 v3.12.0 h1:3oV9d0sDzlSQfHtIaB5k6ghUCVMVLpAY8hwrqoCy
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@@ -421,8 +409,8 @@ github.com/pterm/pterm v0.12.31/go.mod h1:32ZAWZVXD7ZfG0s8qqHXePte42kdz8ECtRyEej
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@@ -430,24 +418,23 @@ github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec/go.mod h1:qq
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@@ -479,18 +466,18 @@ github.com/tailscale/go-winio v0.0.0-20231025203758-c4f33415bf55 h1:Gzfnfk2TWrk8
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@@ -505,8 +492,6 @@ github.com/tcnksm/go-latest v0.0.0-20170313132115-e3007ae9052e h1:IWllFTiDjjLIf2
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@@ -559,33 +544,33 @@ go4.org/netipx v0.0.0-20231129151722-fdeea329fbba/go.mod h1:PLyyIXexvUFg3Owu6p/W
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@@ -598,13 +583,15 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220310020820-b874c991c1a5/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBc
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@@ -612,37 +599,37 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuX
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-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d h1:/aDRtSZJjyLQzm75d+a1wOJaqyKBMvIAfeQmoa3ORiI=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d/go.mod h1:etfGUgejTiadZAUaEP14NP97xi1RGeawqkjDARA/UOs=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9 h1:m8qni9SQFH0tJc1X0vmnpw/0t+AImlSvp30sEupozUg=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9/go.mod h1:4Hqkh8ycfw05ld/3BWL7rJOSfebL2Q+DVDeRgYgxUU8=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.80.0 h1:Xr6m2WmWZLETvUNvIUmeD5OAagMw3FiKmMlTdViWsHM=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.80.0/go.mod h1:ho/dLnxwi3EDJA4Zghp7k2Ec1+c2jqup0bFkw07bwF4=
+gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0 h1:5+ul4Swaf3ESvrOnidPp4GZbzf0mxVQpDCYUQE7OJfk=
+gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.16.0/go.mod h1:fef3am4MQ93R2HHpKnLk4/Tbh/s0+wqD5nfa6Pnwy4E=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260203192932-546029d2fa20 h1:7ei4lp52gK1uSejlA8AZl5AJjeLUOHBQscRQZUgAcu0=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260203192932-546029d2fa20/go.mod h1:ZdbssH/1SOVnjnDlXzxDHK2MCidiqXtbYccJNzNYPEE=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260203192932-546029d2fa20 h1:Jr5R2J6F6qWyzINc+4AM8t5pfUz6beZpHp678GNrMbE=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260203192932-546029d2fa20/go.mod h1:j9x/tPzZkyxcgEFkiKEEGxfvyumM01BEtsW8xzOahRQ=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.78.0 h1:K1XZG/yGDJnzMdd/uZHAkVqJE+xIDOcmdSFZkBUicNc=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.78.0/go.mod h1:I47qjTo4OKbMkjA/aOOwxDIiPSBofUtQUI5EfpWvW7U=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 h1:fV6ZwhNocDyBLK0dj+fg8ektcVegBBuEolpbTQyBNVE=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
@@ -651,9 +638,6 @@ gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntN
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
@@ -664,28 +648,26 @@ gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1 h1:7CA8FTFz/gRfgqgpeKIBcervUn3xSyPUmr6B2WXJ7kg=
 gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1/go.mod h1:XyQVbO2k6YkOis7C2437jSit3SsDK72s7n7rsSHd+Gs=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 h1:7koQfIKdy+I8UTetycgUqXWSDwpgv193Ka+qRsmBY8Q=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2/go.mod h1:LtdLGcnqToBH83WByAAi/wiwSFCArdFIUV/xxN4pcjA=
-gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20260224225140-573d5e7127a8 h1:Zy8IV/+FMLxy6j6p87vk/vQGKcdnbprwjTxc8UiUtsA=
-gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20260224225140-573d5e7127a8/go.mod h1:QkHjoMIBaYtpVufgwv3keYAbln78mBoCuShZrPrer1Q=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.7.0 h1:w6WUp1VbkqPEgLz4rkBzH/CSU6HkoqNLp6GstyTx3lU=
-honnef.co/go/tools v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pm29oPxeP3P82ISxZDgIYeOaf9ta6Pi0EWvCFoLG2vc=
+gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250205023644-9414b50a5633 h1:2gap+Kh/3F47cO6hAu3idFvsJ0ue6TRcEi2IUkv/F8k=
+gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250205023644-9414b50a5633/go.mod h1:5DMfjtclAbTIjbXqO1qCe2K5GKKxWz2JHvCChuTcJEM=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.7.0-0.dev.0.20251022135355-8273271481d0 h1:5SXjd4ET5dYijLaf0O3aOenC0Z4ZafIWSpjUzsQaNho=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.7.0-0.dev.0.20251022135355-8273271481d0/go.mod h1:EPDDhEZqVHhWuPI5zPAsjU0U7v9xNIWjoOVyZ5ZcniQ=
 howett.net/plist v1.0.0 h1:7CrbWYbPPO/PyNy38b2EB/+gYbjCe2DXBxgtOOZbSQM=
 howett.net/plist v1.0.0/go.mod h1:lqaXoTrLY4hg8tnEzNru53gicrbv7rrk+2xJA/7hw9g=
-k8s.io/client-go v0.34.0 h1:YoWv5r7bsBfb0Hs2jh8SOvFbKzzxyNo0nSb0zC19KZo=
-k8s.io/client-go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:ozgMnEKXkRjeMvBZdV1AijMHLTh3pbACPvK7zFR+QQY=
 modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.27.1 h1:9W30zRlYrefrDV2JE2O8VDtJ1yPGownxciz5rrbQZis=
 modernc.org/cc/v4 v4.27.1/go.mod h1:uVtb5OGqUKpoLWhqwNQo/8LwvoiEBLvZXIQ/SmO6mL0=
-modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.32.0 h1:hjG66bI/kqIPX1b2yT6fr/jt+QedtP2fqojG2VrFuVw=
-modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.32.0/go.mod h1:6F08EBCx5uQc38kMGl+0Nm0oWczoo1c7cgpzEry7Uc0=
-modernc.org/fileutil v1.4.0 h1:j6ZzNTftVS054gi281TyLjHPp6CPHr2KCxEXjEbD6SM=
-modernc.org/fileutil v1.4.0/go.mod h1:EqdKFDxiByqxLk8ozOxObDSfcVOv/54xDs/DUHdvCUU=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.30.1 h1:4r4U1J6Fhj98NKfSjnPUN7Ze2c6MnAdL0hWw6+LrJpc=
+modernc.org/ccgo/v4 v4.30.1/go.mod h1:bIOeI1JL54Utlxn+LwrFyjCx2n2RDiYEaJVSrgdrRfM=
+modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.40 h1:ZGMswMNc9JOCrcrakF1HrvmergNLAmxOPjizirpfqBA=
+modernc.org/fileutil v1.3.40/go.mod h1:HxmghZSZVAz/LXcMNwZPA/DRrQZEVP9VX0V4LQGQFOc=
 modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.5 h1:nyqdV8q46KvTpZlsw66kWqwXRHdjIlJOhG6kxiV/9xI=
 modernc.org/gc/v2 v2.6.5/go.mod h1:YgIahr1ypgfe7chRuJi2gD7DBQiKSLMPgBQe9oIiito=
-modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.2 h1:ZtDCnhonXSZexk/AYsegNRV1lJGgaNZJuKjJSWKyEqo=
-modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.2/go.mod h1:HFK/6AGESC7Ex+EZJhJ2Gni6cTaYpSMmU/cT9RmlfYY=
+modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.1 h1:k8T3gkXWY9sEiytKhcgyiZ2L0DTyCQ/nvX+LoCljoRE=
+modernc.org/gc/v3 v3.1.1/go.mod h1:HFK/6AGESC7Ex+EZJhJ2Gni6cTaYpSMmU/cT9RmlfYY=
 modernc.org/goabi0 v0.2.0 h1:HvEowk7LxcPd0eq6mVOAEMai46V+i7Jrj13t4AzuNks=
 modernc.org/goabi0 v0.2.0/go.mod h1:CEFRnnJhKvWT1c1JTI3Avm+tgOWbkOu5oPA8eH8LnMI=
-modernc.org/libc v1.70.0 h1:U58NawXqXbgpZ/dcdS9kMshu08aiA6b7gusEusqzNkw=
-modernc.org/libc v1.70.0/go.mod h1:OVmxFGP1CI/Z4L3E0Q3Mf1PDE0BucwMkcXjjLntvHJo=
+modernc.org/libc v1.67.6 h1:eVOQvpModVLKOdT+LvBPjdQqfrZq+pC39BygcT+E7OI=
+modernc.org/libc v1.67.6/go.mod h1:JAhxUVlolfYDErnwiqaLvUqc8nfb2r6S6slAgZOnaiE=
 modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 h1:GCZVGXdaN8gTqB1Mf/usp1Y/hSqgI2vAGGP4jZMCxOU=
 modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1/go.mod h1:4p5IwJITfppl0G4sUEDtCr4DthTaT47/N3aT6MhfgJg=
 modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 h1:o4QC8aMQzmcwCK3t3Ux/ZHmwFPzE6hf2Y5LbkRs+hbI=
@@ -694,19 +676,19 @@ modernc.org/opt v0.1.4 h1:2kNGMRiUjrp4LcaPuLY2PzUfqM/w9N23quVwhKt5Qm8=
 modernc.org/opt v0.1.4/go.mod h1:03fq9lsNfvkYSfxrfUhZCWPk1lm4cq4N+Bh//bEtgns=
 modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1 h1:+xyoGf15mM3NMlPDnFqrteY07klSFxLElE2PVuWIJ7w=
 modernc.org/sortutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:7ZI3a3REbai7gzCLcotuw9AC4VZVpYMjDzETGsSMqJE=
-modernc.org/sqlite v1.48.2 h1:5CnW4uP8joZtA0LedVqLbZV5GD7F/0x91AXeSyjoh5c=
-modernc.org/sqlite v1.48.2/go.mod h1:hWjRO6Tj/5Ik8ieqxQybiEOUXy0NJFNp2tpvVpKlvig=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.44.3 h1:+39JvV/HWMcYslAwRxHb8067w+2zowvFOUrOWIy9PjY=
+modernc.org/sqlite v1.44.3/go.mod h1:CzbrU2lSB1DKUusvwGz7rqEKIq+NUd8GWuBBZDs9/nA=
 modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1 h1:UneZBkQA+DX2Rp35KcM69cSsNES9ly8mQWD71HKlOA0=
 modernc.org/strutil v1.2.1/go.mod h1:EHkiggD70koQxjVdSBM3JKM7k6L0FbGE5eymy9i3B9A=
 modernc.org/token v1.1.0 h1:Xl7Ap9dKaEs5kLoOQeQmPWevfnk/DM5qcLcYlA8ys6Y=
 modernc.org/token v1.1.0/go.mod h1:UGzOrNV1mAFSEB63lOFHIpNRUVMvYTc6yu1SMY/XTDM=
 pgregory.net/rapid v1.2.0 h1:keKAYRcjm+e1F0oAuU5F5+YPAWcyxNNRK2wud503Gnk=
 pgregory.net/rapid v1.2.0/go.mod h1:PY5XlDGj0+V1FCq0o192FdRhpKHGTRIWBgqjDBTrq04=
-sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0 h1:G8fkbMSAFqgEFgh4b1wmtzDnioxFCUgTZhlbj5P9QYs=
-sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.6.0/go.mod h1:796bPqUfzR/0jLAl6XjHl3Ck7MiyVv8dbTdyT3/pMf4=
 software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.4.0 h1:H2g08FrTvSFKUj+D309j1DPfk5APnIdAQAB8aEykJ5k=
 software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.4.0/go.mod h1:Qiz0EyvDRJjjxGyUQa2cCNZn/wMyzrRJ/qcDXOQazLI=
-tailscale.com v1.96.5 h1:gNkfA/KSZAl6jCH9cj8urq00HRWItDDTtGsyATI89jA=
-tailscale.com v1.96.5/go.mod h1:/3lnZBYb2UEwnN0MNu2SDXUtT06AGd5k0s+OWx3WmcY=
+tailscale.com v1.94.1 h1:0dAst/ozTuFkgmxZULc3oNwR9+qPIt5ucvzH7kaM0Jw=
+tailscale.com v1.94.1/go.mod h1:gLnVrEOP32GWvroaAHHGhjSGMPJ1i4DvqNwEg+Yuov4=
+zgo.at/zcache/v2 v2.4.1 h1:Dfjoi8yI0Uq7NCc4lo2kaQJJmp9Mijo21gef+oJstbY=
+zgo.at/zcache/v2 v2.4.1/go.mod h1:gyCeoLVo01QjDZynjime8xUGHHMbsLiPyUTBpDGd4Gk=
 zombiezen.com/go/postgrestest v1.0.1 h1:aXoADQAJmZDU3+xilYVut0pHhgc0sF8ZspPW9gFNwP4=
 zombiezen.com/go/postgrestest v1.0.1/go.mod h1:marlZezr+k2oSJrvXHnZUs1olHqpE9czlz8ZYkVxliQ=

hscontrol/app.go

@@ -16,14 +16,11 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"syscall"
-	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5"
 	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
-	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
-	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5/middleware"
-	"github.com/go-chi/metrics"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	grpcRuntime "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/runtime"
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale"
 	v1 "github.com/juanfont/headscale/gen/go/headscale/v1"
@@ -102,7 +99,7 @@ type Headscale struct {
 	// Things that generate changes
 	extraRecordMan *dns.ExtraRecordsMan
 	authProvider   AuthProvider
-	mapBatcher     *mapper.Batcher
+	mapBatcher     mapper.Batcher
 
 	clientStreamsOpen sync.WaitGroup
 }
@@ -118,14 +115,13 @@ var (
 
 func NewHeadscale(cfg *types.Config) (*Headscale, error) {
 	var err error
-
 	if profilingEnabled {
 		runtime.SetBlockProfileRate(1)
 	}
 
 	noisePrivateKey, err := readOrCreatePrivateKey(cfg.NoisePrivateKeyPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading or creating Noise protocol private key: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read or create Noise protocol private key: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	s, err := state.NewState(cfg)
@@ -144,30 +140,27 @@ func NewHeadscale(cfg *types.Config) (*Headscale, error) {
 	ephemeralGC := db.NewEphemeralGarbageCollector(func(ni types.NodeID) {
 		node, ok := app.state.GetNodeByID(ni)
 		if !ok {
-			log.Error().Uint64("node.id", ni.Uint64()).Msg("ephemeral node deletion failed")
-			log.Debug().Caller().Uint64("node.id", ni.Uint64()).Msg("ephemeral node deletion failed because node not found in NodeStore")
-
+			log.Error().Uint64("node.id", ni.Uint64()).Msg("Ephemeral node deletion failed")
+			log.Debug().Caller().Uint64("node.id", ni.Uint64()).Msg("Ephemeral node deletion failed because node not found in NodeStore")
 			return
 		}
 
 		policyChanged, err := app.state.DeleteNode(node)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Error().Err(err).EmbedObject(node).Msg("ephemeral node deletion failed")
+			log.Error().Err(err).Uint64("node.id", ni.Uint64()).Str("node.name", node.Hostname()).Msg("Ephemeral node deletion failed")
 			return
 		}
 
 		app.Change(policyChanged)
-		log.Debug().Caller().EmbedObject(node).Msg("ephemeral node deleted because garbage collection timeout reached")
+		log.Debug().Caller().Uint64("node.id", ni.Uint64()).Str("node.name", node.Hostname()).Msg("Ephemeral node deleted because garbage collection timeout reached")
 	})
 	app.ephemeralGC = ephemeralGC
 
 	var authProvider AuthProvider
-
 	authProvider = NewAuthProviderWeb(cfg.ServerURL)
 	if cfg.OIDC.Issuer != "" {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
-
 		oidcProvider, err := NewAuthProviderOIDC(
 			ctx,
 			&app,
@@ -184,18 +177,17 @@ func NewHeadscale(cfg *types.Config) (*Headscale, error) {
 			authProvider = oidcProvider
 		}
 	}
-
 	app.authProvider = authProvider
 
 	if app.cfg.TailcfgDNSConfig != nil && app.cfg.TailcfgDNSConfig.Proxied { // if MagicDNS
 		// TODO(kradalby): revisit why this takes a list.
+
 		var magicDNSDomains []dnsname.FQDN
 		if cfg.PrefixV4 != nil {
 			magicDNSDomains = append(
 				magicDNSDomains,
 				util.GenerateIPv4DNSRootDomain(*cfg.PrefixV4)...)
 		}
-
 		if cfg.PrefixV6 != nil {
 			magicDNSDomains = append(
 				magicDNSDomains,
@@ -206,7 +198,6 @@ func NewHeadscale(cfg *types.Config) (*Headscale, error) {
 		if app.cfg.TailcfgDNSConfig.Routes == nil {
 			app.cfg.TailcfgDNSConfig.Routes = make(map[string][]*dnstype.Resolver)
 		}
-
 		for _, d := range magicDNSDomains {
 			app.cfg.TailcfgDNSConfig.Routes[d.WithoutTrailingDot()] = nil
 		}
@@ -215,7 +206,7 @@ func NewHeadscale(cfg *types.Config) (*Headscale, error) {
 	if cfg.DERP.ServerEnabled {
 		derpServerKey, err := readOrCreatePrivateKey(cfg.DERP.ServerPrivateKeyPath)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading or creating DERP server private key: %w", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read or create DERP server private key: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		if derpServerKey.Equal(*noisePrivateKey) {
@@ -241,7 +232,6 @@ func NewHeadscale(cfg *types.Config) (*Headscale, error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-
 		app.DERPServer = embeddedDERPServer
 	}
 
@@ -261,11 +251,9 @@ func (h *Headscale) scheduledTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 	lastExpiryCheck := time.Unix(0, 0)
 
 	derpTickerChan := make(<-chan time.Time)
-
 	if h.cfg.DERP.AutoUpdate && h.cfg.DERP.UpdateFrequency != 0 {
 		derpTicker := time.NewTicker(h.cfg.DERP.UpdateFrequency)
 		defer derpTicker.Stop()
-
 		derpTickerChan = derpTicker.C
 	}
 
@@ -276,31 +264,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) scheduledTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 		extraRecordsUpdate = make(chan []tailcfg.DNSRecord)
 	}
 
-	var (
-		haProber     *state.HAHealthProber
-		haHealthChan <-chan time.Time
-	)
-	if h.cfg.Node.Routes.HA.ProbeInterval > 0 {
-		haProber = state.NewHAHealthProber(
-			h.state,
-			h.cfg.Node.Routes.HA,
-			h.cfg.ServerURL,
-			h.mapBatcher.IsConnected,
-		)
-
-		haTicker := time.NewTicker(h.cfg.Node.Routes.HA.ProbeInterval)
-		defer haTicker.Stop()
-
-		haHealthChan = haTicker.C
-
-		log.Info().
-			Dur("interval", h.cfg.Node.Routes.HA.ProbeInterval).
-			Dur("timeout", h.cfg.Node.Routes.HA.ProbeTimeout).
-			Msg("HA subnet router health probing enabled")
-	} else {
-		haHealthChan = make(<-chan time.Time)
-	}
-
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
@@ -308,10 +271,8 @@ func (h *Headscale) scheduledTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 			return
 
 		case <-expireTicker.C:
-			var (
-				expiredNodeChanges []change.Change
-				changed            bool
-			)
+			var expiredNodeChanges []change.Change
+			var changed bool
 
 			lastExpiryCheck, expiredNodeChanges, changed = h.state.ExpireExpiredNodes(lastExpiryCheck)
 
@@ -325,14 +286,12 @@ func (h *Headscale) scheduledTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 			}
 
 		case <-derpTickerChan:
-			log.Info().Msg("fetching DERPMap updates")
-
-			derpMap, err := backoff.Retry(ctx, func() (*tailcfg.DERPMap, error) { //nolint:contextcheck
+			log.Info().Msg("Fetching DERPMap updates")
+			derpMap, err := backoff.Retry(ctx, func() (*tailcfg.DERPMap, error) {
 				derpMap, err := derp.GetDERPMap(h.cfg.DERP)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
-
 				if h.cfg.DERP.ServerEnabled && h.cfg.DERP.AutomaticallyAddEmbeddedDerpRegion {
 					region, _ := h.DERPServer.GenerateRegion()
 					derpMap.Regions[region.RegionID] = &region
@@ -344,7 +303,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) scheduledTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 				log.Error().Err(err).Msg("failed to build new DERPMap, retrying later")
 				continue
 			}
-
 			h.state.SetDERPMap(derpMap)
 
 			h.Change(change.DERPMap())
@@ -353,13 +311,9 @@ func (h *Headscale) scheduledTasks(ctx context.Context) {
 			if !ok {
 				continue
 			}
-
 			h.cfg.TailcfgDNSConfig.ExtraRecords = records
 
 			h.Change(change.ExtraRecords())
-
-		case <-haHealthChan:
-			haProber.ProbeOnce(ctx, h.Change)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -385,7 +339,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) grpcAuthenticationInterceptor(ctx context.Context,
 	if !ok {
 		return ctx, status.Errorf(
 			codes.InvalidArgument,
-			"retrieving metadata",
+			"Retrieving metadata is failed",
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -393,7 +347,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) grpcAuthenticationInterceptor(ctx context.Context,
 	if !ok {
 		return ctx, status.Errorf(
 			codes.Unauthenticated,
-			"authorization token not supplied",
+			"Authorization token is not supplied",
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -408,7 +362,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) grpcAuthenticationInterceptor(ctx context.Context,
 
 	valid, err := h.state.ValidateAPIKey(strings.TrimPrefix(token, AuthPrefix))
 	if err != nil {
-		return ctx, status.Error(codes.Internal, "validating token")
+		return ctx, status.Error(codes.Internal, "failed to validate token")
 	}
 
 	if !valid {
@@ -436,8 +390,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) httpAuthenticationMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler
 
 		writeUnauthorized := func(statusCode int) {
 			writer.WriteHeader(statusCode)
-
-			if _, err := writer.Write([]byte("Unauthorized")); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
+			if _, err := writer.Write([]byte("Unauthorized")); err != nil {
 				log.Error().Err(err).Msg("writing HTTP response failed")
 			}
 		}
@@ -448,7 +401,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) httpAuthenticationMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler
 				Str("client_address", req.RemoteAddr).
 				Msg(`missing "Bearer " prefix in "Authorization" header`)
 			writeUnauthorized(http.StatusUnauthorized)
-
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -460,7 +412,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) httpAuthenticationMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler
 				Str("client_address", req.RemoteAddr).
 				Msg("failed to validate token")
 			writeUnauthorized(http.StatusUnauthorized)
-
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -469,7 +420,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) httpAuthenticationMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler
 				Str("client_address", req.RemoteAddr).
 				Msg("invalid token")
 			writeUnauthorized(http.StatusUnauthorized)
-
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -481,93 +431,61 @@ func (h *Headscale) httpAuthenticationMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler
 // and will remove it if it is not.
 func (h *Headscale) ensureUnixSocketIsAbsent() error {
 	// File does not exist, all fine
-	if _, err := os.Stat(h.cfg.UnixSocket); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) { //nolint:noinlineerr
+	if _, err := os.Stat(h.cfg.UnixSocket); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	return os.Remove(h.cfg.UnixSocket)
 }
 
-// securityHeaders sets baseline response headers on every HTTP response:
-// deny framing (clickjacking), forbid MIME-type sniffing, drop the Referer
-// header on outbound navigation. Cheap defense-in-depth for HTML surfaces.
-func securityHeaders(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
-	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		h := w.Header()
-		h.Set("X-Frame-Options", "DENY")
-		h.Set("Content-Security-Policy", "frame-ancestors 'none'")
-		h.Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
-		h.Set("Referrer-Policy", "no-referrer")
-		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
-	})
-}
+func (h *Headscale) createRouter(grpcMux *grpcRuntime.ServeMux) *mux.Router {
+	router := mux.NewRouter()
+	router.Use(prometheusMiddleware)
 
-func (h *Headscale) createRouter(grpcMux *grpcRuntime.ServeMux) *chi.Mux {
-	r := chi.NewRouter()
-	r.Use(metrics.Collector(metrics.CollectorOpts{
-		Host:  false,
-		Proto: true,
-		Skip: func(r *http.Request) bool {
-			return r.Method != http.MethodOptions
-		},
-	}))
-	r.Use(middleware.RequestID)
-	r.Use(middleware.RealIP)
-	r.Use(middleware.RequestLogger(&zerologRequestLogger{}))
-	r.Use(middleware.Recoverer)
-	r.Use(securityHeaders)
+	router.HandleFunc(ts2021UpgradePath, h.NoiseUpgradeHandler).
+		Methods(http.MethodPost, http.MethodGet)
 
-	r.Post(ts2021UpgradePath, h.NoiseUpgradeHandler)
-
-	r.Get("/robots.txt", h.RobotsHandler)
-	r.Get("/health", h.HealthHandler)
-	r.Get("/version", h.VersionHandler)
-	r.Get("/key", h.KeyHandler)
-	r.Get("/register/{auth_id}", h.authProvider.RegisterHandler)
-	r.Get("/auth/{auth_id}", h.authProvider.AuthHandler)
+	router.HandleFunc("/robots.txt", h.RobotsHandler).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/health", h.HealthHandler).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/version", h.VersionHandler).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/key", h.KeyHandler).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/register/{registration_id}", h.authProvider.RegisterHandler).
+		Methods(http.MethodGet)
 
 	if provider, ok := h.authProvider.(*AuthProviderOIDC); ok {
-		r.Get("/oidc/callback", provider.OIDCCallbackHandler)
-		r.Post("/register/confirm/{auth_id}", provider.RegisterConfirmHandler)
+		router.HandleFunc("/oidc/callback", provider.OIDCCallbackHandler).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 	}
-
-	r.Get("/apple", h.AppleConfigMessage)
-	r.Get("/apple/{platform}", h.ApplePlatformConfig)
-	r.Get("/windows", h.WindowsConfigMessage)
+	router.HandleFunc("/apple", h.AppleConfigMessage).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/apple/{platform}", h.ApplePlatformConfig).
+		Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/windows", h.WindowsConfigMessage).Methods(http.MethodGet)
 
 	// TODO(kristoffer): move swagger into a package
-	r.Get("/swagger", headscale.SwaggerUI)
-	r.Get("/swagger/v1/openapiv2.json", headscale.SwaggerAPIv1)
+	router.HandleFunc("/swagger", headscale.SwaggerUI).Methods(http.MethodGet)
+	router.HandleFunc("/swagger/v1/openapiv2.json", headscale.SwaggerAPIv1).
+		Methods(http.MethodGet)
 
-	r.Post("/verify", h.VerifyHandler)
+	router.HandleFunc("/verify", h.VerifyHandler).Methods(http.MethodPost)
 
 	if h.cfg.DERP.ServerEnabled {
-		r.HandleFunc("/derp", h.DERPServer.DERPHandler)
-		r.HandleFunc("/derp/probe", derpServer.DERPProbeHandler)
-		r.HandleFunc("/derp/latency-check", derpServer.DERPProbeHandler)
-		r.HandleFunc("/bootstrap-dns", derpServer.DERPBootstrapDNSHandler(h.state.DERPMap()))
+		router.HandleFunc("/derp", h.DERPServer.DERPHandler)
+		router.HandleFunc("/derp/probe", derpServer.DERPProbeHandler)
+		router.HandleFunc("/derp/latency-check", derpServer.DERPProbeHandler)
+		router.HandleFunc("/bootstrap-dns", derpServer.DERPBootstrapDNSHandler(h.state.DERPMap()))
 	}
 
-	r.Route("/api", func(r chi.Router) {
-		r.Use(h.httpAuthenticationMiddleware)
-		r.HandleFunc("/v1/*", grpcMux.ServeHTTP)
-	})
-	// Ping response endpoint: receives HEAD from clients responding
-	// to a PingRequest. The unguessable ping ID serves as authentication.
-	r.Head("/machine/ping-response", h.PingResponseHandler)
+	apiRouter := router.PathPrefix("/api").Subrouter()
+	apiRouter.Use(h.httpAuthenticationMiddleware)
+	apiRouter.PathPrefix("/v1/").HandlerFunc(grpcMux.ServeHTTP)
+	router.HandleFunc("/favicon.ico", FaviconHandler)
+	router.PathPrefix("/").HandlerFunc(BlankHandler)
 
-	r.Get("/favicon.ico", FaviconHandler)
-	r.Get("/", BlankHandler)
-
-	return r
+	return router
 }
 
 // Serve launches the HTTP and gRPC server service Headscale and the API.
-//
-//nolint:gocyclo // complex server startup function
 func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 	var err error
-
 	capver.CanOldCodeBeCleanedUp()
 
 	if profilingEnabled {
@@ -588,13 +506,12 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 	}
 
 	versionInfo := types.GetVersionInfo()
-	log.Info().Str("version", versionInfo.Version).Str("commit", versionInfo.Commit).Msg("starting headscale")
+	log.Info().Str("version", versionInfo.Version).Str("commit", versionInfo.Commit).Msg("Starting Headscale")
 	log.Info().
 		Str("minimum_version", capver.TailscaleVersion(capver.MinSupportedCapabilityVersion)).
 		Msg("Clients with a lower minimum version will be rejected")
 
 	h.mapBatcher = mapper.NewBatcherAndMapper(h.cfg, h.state)
-
 	h.mapBatcher.Start()
 	defer h.mapBatcher.Close()
 
@@ -609,7 +526,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 
 	derpMap, err := derp.GetDERPMap(h.cfg.DERP)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("getting DERPMap: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get DERPMap: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if h.cfg.DERP.ServerEnabled && h.cfg.DERP.AutomaticallyAddEmbeddedDerpRegion {
@@ -628,10 +545,9 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 	// around between restarts, they will reconnect and the GC will
 	// be cancelled.
 	go h.ephemeralGC.Start()
-
 	ephmNodes := h.state.ListEphemeralNodes()
 	for _, node := range ephmNodes.All() {
-		h.ephemeralGC.Schedule(node.ID(), h.cfg.Node.Ephemeral.InactivityTimeout)
+		h.ephemeralGC.Schedule(node.ID(), h.cfg.EphemeralNodeInactivityTimeout)
 	}
 
 	if h.cfg.DNSConfig.ExtraRecordsPath != "" {
@@ -639,9 +555,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("setting up extrarecord manager: %w", err)
 		}
-
 		h.cfg.TailcfgDNSConfig.ExtraRecords = h.extraRecordMan.Records()
-
 		go h.extraRecordMan.Run()
 		defer h.extraRecordMan.Close()
 	}
@@ -650,7 +564,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 	// records updates
 	scheduleCtx, scheduleCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer scheduleCancel()
-
 	go h.scheduledTasks(scheduleCtx)
 
 	if zl.GlobalLevel() == zl.TraceLevel {
@@ -663,7 +576,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 	errorGroup := new(errgroup.Group)
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
-
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -674,30 +586,29 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 
 	err = h.ensureUnixSocketIsAbsent()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("removing old socket file: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to remove old socket file: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	socketDir := filepath.Dir(h.cfg.UnixSocket)
-
 	err = util.EnsureDir(socketDir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("setting up unix socket: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	socketListener, err := new(net.ListenConfig).Listen(context.Background(), "unix", h.cfg.UnixSocket)
+	socketListener, err := net.Listen("unix", h.cfg.UnixSocket)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("setting up gRPC socket: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set up gRPC socket: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Change socket permissions
-	if err := os.Chmod(h.cfg.UnixSocket, h.cfg.UnixSocketPermission); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return fmt.Errorf("changing gRPC socket permission: %w", err)
+	if err := os.Chmod(h.cfg.UnixSocket, h.cfg.UnixSocketPermission); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed change permission of gRPC socket: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	grpcGatewayMux := grpcRuntime.NewServeMux()
 
 	// Make the grpc-gateway connect to grpc over socket
-	grpcGatewayConn, err := grpc.Dial( //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: deprecated but supported in 1.x
+	grpcGatewayConn, err := grpc.Dial(
 		h.cfg.UnixSocket,
 		[]grpc.DialOption{
 			grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
@@ -748,13 +659,10 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 	// https://github.com/soheilhy/cmux/issues/68
 	// https://github.com/soheilhy/cmux/issues/91
 
-	var (
-		grpcServer   *grpc.Server
-		grpcListener net.Listener
-	)
-
+	var grpcServer *grpc.Server
+	var grpcListener net.Listener
 	if tlsConfig != nil || h.cfg.GRPCAllowInsecure {
-		log.Info().Msgf("enabling remote gRPC at %s", h.cfg.GRPCAddr)
+		log.Info().Msgf("Enabling remote gRPC at %s", h.cfg.GRPCAddr)
 
 		grpcOptions := []grpc.ServerOption{
 			grpc.ChainUnaryInterceptor(
@@ -775,10 +683,11 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 		grpcServer = grpc.NewServer(grpcOptions...)
 
 		v1.RegisterHeadscaleServiceServer(grpcServer, newHeadscaleV1APIServer(h))
+		reflection.Register(grpcServer)
 
-		grpcListener, err = new(net.ListenConfig).Listen(context.Background(), "tcp", h.cfg.GRPCAddr)
+		grpcListener, err = net.Listen("tcp", h.cfg.GRPCAddr)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("binding to TCP address: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to bind to TCP address: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		errorGroup.Go(func() error { return grpcServer.Serve(grpcListener) })
@@ -806,16 +715,14 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 	}
 
 	var httpListener net.Listener
-
 	if tlsConfig != nil {
 		httpServer.TLSConfig = tlsConfig
 		httpListener, err = tls.Listen("tcp", h.cfg.Addr, tlsConfig)
 	} else {
-		httpListener, err = new(net.ListenConfig).Listen(context.Background(), "tcp", h.cfg.Addr)
+		httpListener, err = net.Listen("tcp", h.cfg.Addr)
 	}
-
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("binding to TCP address: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bind to TCP address: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	errorGroup.Go(func() error { return httpServer.Serve(httpListener) })
@@ -831,7 +738,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 	if h.cfg.MetricsAddr != "" {
 		debugHTTPListener, err = (&net.ListenConfig{}).Listen(ctx, "tcp", h.cfg.MetricsAddr)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("binding to TCP address: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to bind to TCP address: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		debugHTTPServer = h.debugHTTPServer()
@@ -844,24 +751,19 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 		log.Info().Msg("metrics server disabled (metrics_listen_addr is empty)")
 	}
 
-	var tailsqlContext context.Context
 
+	var tailsqlContext context.Context
 	if tailsqlEnabled {
 		if h.cfg.Database.Type != types.DatabaseSqlite {
-			//nolint:gocritic // exitAfterDefer: Fatal exits during initialization before servers start
 			log.Fatal().
 				Str("type", h.cfg.Database.Type).
 				Msgf("tailsql only support %q", types.DatabaseSqlite)
 		}
-
 		if tailsqlTSKey == "" {
-			//nolint:gocritic // exitAfterDefer: Fatal exits during initialization before servers start
 			log.Fatal().Msg("tailsql requires TS_AUTHKEY to be set")
 		}
-
 		tailsqlContext = context.Background()
-
-		go runTailSQLService(ctx, util.TSLogfWrapper(), tailsqlStateDir, h.cfg.Database.Sqlite.Path) //nolint:errcheck
+		go runTailSQLService(ctx, util.TSLogfWrapper(), tailsqlStateDir, h.cfg.Database.Sqlite.Path)
 	}
 
 	// Handle common process-killing signals so we can gracefully shut down:
@@ -872,7 +774,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 		syscall.SIGTERM,
 		syscall.SIGQUIT,
 		syscall.SIGHUP)
-
 	sigFunc := func(c chan os.Signal) {
 		// Wait for a SIGINT or SIGKILL:
 		for {
@@ -897,7 +798,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 
 			default:
 				info := func(msg string) { log.Info().Msg(msg) }
-
 				log.Info().
 					Str("signal", sig.String()).
 					Msg("Received signal to stop, shutting down gracefully")
@@ -954,7 +854,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 				if debugHTTPListener != nil {
 					debugHTTPListener.Close()
 				}
-
 				httpListener.Close()
 				grpcGatewayConn.Close()
 
@@ -964,7 +863,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 
 				// Close state connections
 				info("closing state and database")
-
 				err = h.state.Close()
 				if err != nil {
 					log.Error().Err(err).Msg("failed to close state")
@@ -977,7 +875,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-
 	errorGroup.Go(func() error {
 		sigFunc(sigc)
 
@@ -989,7 +886,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) Serve() error {
 
 func (h *Headscale) getTLSSettings() (*tls.Config, error) {
 	var err error
-
 	if h.cfg.TLS.LetsEncrypt.Hostname != "" {
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(h.cfg.ServerURL, "https://") {
 			log.Warn().
@@ -1022,6 +918,7 @@ func (h *Headscale) getTLSSettings() (*tls.Config, error) {
 			// Configuration via autocert with HTTP-01. This requires listening on
 			// port 80 for the certificate validation in addition to the headscale
 			// service, which can be configured to run on any other port.
+
 			server := &http.Server{
 				Addr:        h.cfg.TLS.LetsEncrypt.Listen,
 				Handler:     certManager.HTTPHandler(http.HandlerFunc(h.redirect)),
@@ -1043,13 +940,13 @@ func (h *Headscale) getTLSSettings() (*tls.Config, error) {
 		}
 	} else if h.cfg.TLS.CertPath == "" {
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(h.cfg.ServerURL, "http://") {
-			log.Warn().Msg("listening without TLS but ServerURL does not start with http://")
+			log.Warn().Msg("Listening without TLS but ServerURL does not start with http://")
 		}
 
 		return nil, err
 	} else {
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(h.cfg.ServerURL, "https://") {
-			log.Warn().Msg("listening with TLS but ServerURL does not start with https://")
+			log.Warn().Msg("Listening with TLS but ServerURL does not start with https://")
 		}
 
 		tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
@@ -1066,7 +963,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) getTLSSettings() (*tls.Config, error) {
 
 func readOrCreatePrivateKey(path string) (*key.MachinePrivate, error) {
 	dir := filepath.Dir(path)
-
 	err := util.EnsureDir(dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ensuring private key directory: %w", err)
@@ -1074,22 +970,21 @@ func readOrCreatePrivateKey(path string) (*key.MachinePrivate, error) {
 
 	privateKey, err := os.ReadFile(path)
 	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		log.Info().Str("path", path).Msg("no private key file at path, creating...")
+		log.Info().Str("path", path).Msg("No private key file at path, creating...")
 
 		machineKey := key.NewMachine()
 
 		machineKeyStr, err := machineKey.MarshalText()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf(
-				"converting private key to string for saving: %w",
+				"failed to convert private key to string for saving: %w",
 				err,
 			)
 		}
-
 		err = os.WriteFile(path, machineKeyStr, privateKeyFileMode)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf(
-				"saving private key to disk at path %q: %w",
+				"failed to save private key to disk at path %q: %w",
 				path,
 				err,
 			)
@@ -1097,14 +992,14 @@ func readOrCreatePrivateKey(path string) (*key.MachinePrivate, error) {
 
 		return &machineKey, nil
 	} else if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading private key file: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read private key file: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	trimmedPrivateKey := strings.TrimSpace(string(privateKey))
 
 	var machineKey key.MachinePrivate
-	if err = machineKey.UnmarshalText([]byte(trimmedPrivateKey)); err != nil { //nolint:noinlineerr
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing private key: %w", err)
+	if err = machineKey.UnmarshalText([]byte(trimmedPrivateKey)); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse private key: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return &machineKey, nil
@@ -1117,61 +1012,6 @@ func (h *Headscale) Change(cs ...change.Change) {
 	h.mapBatcher.AddWork(cs...)
 }
 
-// HTTPHandler returns an http.Handler for the Headscale control server.
-// The handler serves the Tailscale control protocol including the /key
-// endpoint and /ts2021 Noise upgrade path.
-func (h *Headscale) HTTPHandler() http.Handler {
-	return h.createRouter(grpcRuntime.NewServeMux())
-}
-
-// NoisePublicKey returns the server's Noise protocol public key.
-func (h *Headscale) NoisePublicKey() key.MachinePublic {
-	return h.noisePrivateKey.Public()
-}
-
-// GetState returns the server's state manager for programmatic access
-// to users, nodes, policies, and other server state.
-func (h *Headscale) GetState() *state.State {
-	return h.state
-}
-
-// SetServerURLForTest updates the server URL in the configuration.
-// This is needed for test servers where the URL is not known until
-// the HTTP test server starts.
-// It panics when called outside of tests.
-func (h *Headscale) SetServerURLForTest(tb testing.TB, url string) {
-	tb.Helper()
-
-	h.cfg.ServerURL = url
-}
-
-// StartBatcherForTest initialises and starts the map response batcher.
-// It registers a cleanup function on tb to stop the batcher.
-// It panics when called outside of tests.
-func (h *Headscale) StartBatcherForTest(tb testing.TB) {
-	tb.Helper()
-
-	h.mapBatcher = mapper.NewBatcherAndMapper(h.cfg, h.state)
-	h.mapBatcher.Start()
-	tb.Cleanup(func() { h.mapBatcher.Close() })
-}
-
-// MapBatcher returns the map response batcher (for test use).
-func (h *Headscale) MapBatcher() *mapper.Batcher {
-	return h.mapBatcher
-}
-
-// StartEphemeralGCForTest starts the ephemeral node garbage collector.
-// It registers a cleanup function on tb to stop the collector.
-// It panics when called outside of tests.
-func (h *Headscale) StartEphemeralGCForTest(tb testing.TB) {
-	tb.Helper()
-
-	go h.ephemeralGC.Start()
-
-	tb.Cleanup(func() { h.ephemeralGC.Close() })
-}
-
 // Provide some middleware that can inspect the ACME/autocert https calls
 // and log when things are failing.
 type acmeLogger struct {
@@ -1183,7 +1023,7 @@ type acmeLogger struct {
 func (l *acmeLogger) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 	resp, err := l.rt.RoundTrip(req)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Error().Err(err).Str("url", req.URL.String()).Msg("acme request failed")
+		log.Error().Err(err).Str("url", req.URL.String()).Msg("ACME request failed")
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -1191,57 +1031,8 @@ func (l *acmeLogger) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 		defer resp.Body.Close()
 
 		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		log.Error().Int("status_code", resp.StatusCode).Str("url", req.URL.String()).Bytes("body", body).Msg("acme request returned error")
+		log.Error().Int("status_code", resp.StatusCode).Str("url", req.URL.String()).Bytes("body", body).Msg("ACME request returned error")
 	}
 
 	return resp, nil
 }
-
-// zerologRequestLogger implements chi's middleware.LogFormatter
-// to route HTTP request logs through zerolog.
-type zerologRequestLogger struct{}
-
-func (z *zerologRequestLogger) NewLogEntry(
-	r *http.Request,
-) middleware.LogEntry {
-	return &zerologLogEntry{
-		method: r.Method,
-		path:   r.URL.Path,
-		proto:  r.Proto,
-		remote: r.RemoteAddr,
-	}
-}
-
-type zerologLogEntry struct {
-	method string
-	path   string
-	proto  string
-	remote string
-}
-
-func (e *zerologLogEntry) Write(
-	status, bytes int,
-	header http.Header,
-	elapsed time.Duration,
-	extra any,
-) {
-	log.Info().
-		Str("method", e.method).
-		Str("path", e.path).
-		Str("proto", e.proto).
-		Str("remote", e.remote).
-		Int("status", status).
-		Int("bytes", bytes).
-		Dur("elapsed", elapsed).
-		Msg("http request")
-}
-
-func (e *zerologLogEntry) Panic(
-	v any,
-	stack []byte,
-) {
-	log.Error().
-		Interface("panic", v).
-		Bytes("stack", stack).
-		Msg("http handler panic")
-}

hscontrol/app_test.go

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-package hscontrol
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestSecurityHeaders(t *testing.T) {
-	handler := securityHeaders(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	}))
-
-	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	req := httptest.NewRequestWithContext(context.Background(), http.MethodGet, "/", nil)
-	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
-
-	h := rec.Result().Header
-	assert.Equal(t, "DENY", h.Get("X-Frame-Options"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "frame-ancestors 'none'", h.Get("Content-Security-Policy"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "nosniff", h.Get("X-Content-Type-Options"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "no-referrer", h.Get("Referrer-Policy"))
-}

hscontrol/assets/style.css

@@ -11,46 +11,11 @@
   --md-typeset-a-color: var(--md-primary-fg-color);
   --md-text-font: "Roboto", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
   --md-code-font: "Roboto Mono", "SF Mono", Monaco, "Cascadia Code", Consolas, "Courier New", monospace;
-  --hs-success: #059669;
-  --hs-success-bg: #d1fae5;
-  --hs-error: #dc2626;
-  --hs-error-bg: #fee2e2;
-  --hs-warning-text: #92400e;
-  --hs-warning-bg: #fef3c7;
-  --hs-warning-border: #f59e0b;
-  --hs-border: #e5e7eb;
-  --hs-bg: #ffffff;
-  --hs-focus-ring: #4051b5;
 }
 
-/* Dark mode */
-@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
-  :root {
-    --md-default-fg-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.87);
-    --md-default-fg-color--light: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
-    --md-default-fg-color--lighter: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.38);
-    --md-default-fg-color--lightest: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07);
-    --md-code-fg-color: #c9d1d9;
-    --md-code-bg-color: #1e1e1e;
-    --md-primary-fg-color: #7b8fdb;
-    --md-accent-fg-color: #8fa4ff;
-    --md-typeset-a-color: var(--md-primary-fg-color);
-    --hs-success: #34d399;
-    --hs-success-bg: #064e3b;
-    --hs-error: #f87171;
-    --hs-error-bg: #450a0a;
-    --hs-warning-text: #fbbf24;
-    --hs-warning-bg: #451a03;
-    --hs-warning-border: #d97706;
-    --hs-border: #374151;
-    --hs-bg: #111827;
-    --hs-focus-ring: #7b8fdb;
-  }
-}
-
-/* Base Typography - 1rem (16px) avoids iOS auto-zoom on inputs */
+/* Base Typography */
 .md-typeset {
-  font-size: 1rem;
+  font-size: 0.8rem;
   line-height: 1.6;
   color: var(--md-default-fg-color);
   font-family: var(--md-text-font);
@@ -111,33 +76,16 @@
   padding-left: 2em;
 }
 
-.md-typeset li {
-  margin-bottom: 0.25em;
-}
-
-/* Links - underline for accessibility (don't rely on color alone) */
+/* Links */
 .md-typeset a {
   color: var(--md-typeset-a-color);
-  text-decoration: underline;
-  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
-  text-underline-offset: 2px;
+  text-decoration: none;
   word-break: break-word;
-  cursor: pointer;
 }
 
 .md-typeset a:hover,
 .md-typeset a:focus {
   color: var(--md-accent-fg-color);
-  text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
-}
-
-/* Focus styles - visible ring for keyboard navigation */
-.md-typeset a:focus-visible,
-button:focus-visible,
-input:focus-visible {
-  outline: 2px solid var(--hs-focus-ring);
-  outline-offset: 2px;
-  border-radius: 2px;
 }
 
 /* Code (inline) */
@@ -170,7 +118,6 @@ input:focus-visible {
   overflow-wrap: break-word;
   word-wrap: break-word;
   white-space: pre-wrap;
-  border-radius: 0.25rem;
 }
 
 /* Links in code */
@@ -178,36 +125,6 @@ input:focus-visible {
   color: currentcolor;
 }
 
-/* Buttons - styled via CSS for hover/active/focus pseudo-classes */
-.md-typeset button {
-  display: inline-flex;
-  align-items: center;
-  justify-content: center;
-  padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
-  font-size: 1rem;
-  font-weight: 500;
-  font-family: var(--md-text-font);
-  line-height: 1;
-  color: #ffffff;
-  background-color: var(--md-primary-fg-color);
-  border: none;
-  border-radius: 0.375rem;
-  cursor: pointer;
-  min-height: 44px;
-  transition:
-    background-color 150ms ease-out,
-    box-shadow 150ms ease-out;
-}
-
-.md-typeset button:hover {
-  background-color: var(--md-accent-fg-color);
-  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
-}
-
-.md-typeset button:active {
-  transform: translateY(1px);
-}
-
 /* Logo */
 .headscale-logo {
   display: block;
@@ -221,17 +138,6 @@ input:focus-visible {
 @media (max-width: 768px) {
   .headscale-logo {
     width: 200px;
-  }
-}
-
-/* Reduced motion */
-@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
-  *,
-  *::before,
-  *::after {
-    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
-    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
-    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
-    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
+    margin-left: 0;
   }
 }